Divergence of vessels when meeting and overtaking. Sound alarm, movement of vessels in poor visibility, divergence of vessels

§ 69. Sound alarm.

The means of sound signaling on self-propelled vessels are steam, air, electric horns and whistles, as well as manual and mechanical sirens and bells. Sound signals should be clearly audible at a distance of 1.5-2 km.

Automotive-type electrical horns can be heard at a distance of 1.8 km, bells 1 km, electric and steam air sirens, steam horns (whistles), air telephones at a distance of 2 km.

Sounds and whistles are divided into short and long.

A long sound or whistle should last continuously from four to six seconds, and a short one for one second.

Each sound signal consists of one or a combination of certain sounds (whistles) according to Table. 8.

Table 8

Sound signals issued from self-propelled vessels. (Dash - long sound; dot -)

short sound	No.		Characteristics of signal sounds (whistles)
	-		Signal value 1. When vessels meet, it is given by the vessel going downstream, before diverging, with a signal from the port side 2. When vessels meet, it is given from a vessel going upstream as confirmation of divergence on the left sides 3. It is given from the raftsmen with a signal to diverge on the left sides 4. When approaching the pier 5. When approaching the dredging and bottom cleaning equipment 6. Dredger response signal before go-ahead 7. When approaching a semaphore, traffic light, narrowness, elbow or portage abeam of the “Signal” sign
	--		8. When approaching the lock, floating bridges and ferry crossings
		---		1. When parked in fog, snow or poor visibility, it is supplied every 3 minutes. 2. Before giving the signal to diverge to an oncoming vessel while moving in reverse 3. When the vessel has entered a narrowness and is following it, it is given every 2 - 3 minutes. 4. “My cars are in reverse”, used to warn other vessels
		----		When driving in fog, snowfall, haze, rain and other unfavorable conditions that limit visibility, it is sent every 2 minutes.
		..		Request from another vessel to reduce speed
		...		It is given when meeting before the starboard signal and reports a change in the side of the divergence
		....		"Man overboard"
		.....		1. “Warning”, is given to warn another vessel about the danger that threatens it or so that it stops moving 2. The overtaken vessel prohibits overtaking the overtaking vessel 3. “Passage is impossible”, is given for a dredging or bottom-cleaning device or an emergency vessel or vessel standing on the fairway stranded
		-.		“I demand to increase the speed
		-.-		1. “Please bring a dinghy (boat)” 2. When asking another vessel to come aboard
		..-		1. Is given to the overtaking and overtaken vessels when overtaking before the go-ahead signal 2. “I understand you,” including a message that the speed has been reduced
		.-.		“Please get on the radio”
		-...-		1. “Please pay attention” 2. When approaching rope crossings, if the towed vessels have lowered lots and drag chains
		-...		When leaving the pier, pier
		A series of whistles with varying strength and attenuation of sound (mourning whistles) or, on non-propelled vessels, frequent blows and a bell		The ship is in distress and requires assistance from another ship or from shore. At the same time, the following visual signals are given: on the ship’s mast during the day, the flag is alternately lowered and raised; at night, a flashing light is flashed or a white mast light is alternately lowered and raised, as well as firing rockets or burning a flare with red stars, every 2 minutes. ...---... )

radio signal (

Notes: 1. In addition to sounding two long beeps when the vessel has entered a narrow area, at night the vessel may signal by flashing the beam of the vessel's spotlight pointing vertically upward (in some basins).

2. On the rivers of the Ukrainian SSR, an additional sound signal “I demand help” was introduced - three short and one long whistle. Such a signal is sent from a ship that is grounded, or a tugboat whose vessels are grounded.

3. Sound signals are prohibited in cases provided for by local navigation rules for certain points.

§ 70. Movement of vessels.

Moving rowing and motor boats, sports yachts, dinghies and cutters are strictly prohibited from crossing the course of steam ships, approaching them and making turns in front of them, as well as interfering with the movement of steam ships. Riding motor and rowing boats near steam ships in motion is prohibited. All small vessels must stay as far as possible from steam ships and are obliged to clear the fairway for them.

Boatmasters of all types of vessels, when passing at close distances from piers, dredging and bottom-cleaning equipment, diving boats, past concentrations of ships in roadsteads or places for loading and unloading ships, past forest harbors, dams, berths, ferries and in places with limited navigation, are obliged to reduce your speed and pass by at low speed, taking all necessary precautions.

When vessels exit additional routes, in particular, from tributaries into the main river or onto the main fairway, route, they must yield the fairway to ships traveling along the main route (fairway, river). Vessels passing along the main river past mouths, tributaries and backwaters must stay to the opposite edge of the shipping channel.

When leaving the berth, shore, or another vessel, during maneuvers and when moving, the vessel should not cross the path of other vessels, so as not to interfere with their progress, and turns to avoid collisions should be made behind the stern of oncoming and overtaken vessels.

During the movement of individual vessels in one direction, an interval of at least 500 must be maintained between them. m when moving from above and 300 m when moving from below.

When passing through locks with small vessels, it is recommended to have a minimum reserve of water under the bottom of 10 cm and the width on each side is at least 20 cm. When small motor vessels are sailing along rivers, the water reserve under their bottom must be at least 10 cm, on channels 15 cm.

2. Movement of vessels in poor visibility.

In heavy fog, snowfall and frost, when visibility is completely absent or deteriorates so much that the outline of the coast is not visible, vessels are prohibited from sailing. To avoid collisions, vessels are required to anchor or moor by 6 p.m. During parking, drivers of self-propelled vessels must every 3 minutes. blow two long whistles, and drivers of non-self-propelled vessels and rafts ring a bell, hit a metal board, blow a horn. If during fog, snowfall, haze, or frost it is still possible to navigate by individual objects or the outlines of the coast are visible, then self-propelled vessels are allowed to sail at low speeds in both directions, provided that every 3 minutes. the vessel will blow three long whistles to warn other moving and stationary vessels of its approach and movement.

When a vessel is moving in fog, the operation of the engine and especially the noise of the outboard or stationary motor does not make it possible to timely determine the location of the oncoming vessel, where it is coming from and where it is moving.

During fog, sound signals are also given from ferries, crossings (during their movement), and from floating bridges. In fog and poor hydrometeorological conditions, when there is no visibility and orientation is impossible, the movement of vessels is permitted only in cases where a radar is installed on them.

3. Divergence of vessels when meeting and overtaking

Rice. 169. Exchange of signals when ships meet

Below are the relevant paragraphs of the “Rules for Navigation on Inland Navigation Routes of the RSFSR”, put into effect in 1963. In other union republics there may be a different procedure for the passing of ships when meeting and overtaking.

When moving in the opposite direction, vessels and convoys must diverge on their left sides and keep to the right (as they move) side of the fairway. Vessels are required to take all measures to ensure safe passage.

The vessel coming from below, in all cases within the visibility distance of the vessel coming from above (at night, its distinctive lights) "must take measures for the safe passage of the vessel coming from above, and when, according to the conditions of the path, the divergence of ships is difficult, the vessel coming from below is obliged to regulate its progress in this way so that the meeting and divergence with the vessel coming from above occurs in a convenient place.

The vessel coming from below is first in 1.5 km(Fig. 169) the oncoming vessel gives one long sound signal and a signal * from the port side. The vessel coming from above must immediately take the indicated side of the divergence and give one long sound signal and a signal from the port side.

If it is impossible to pass on the port side due to local conditions of the route from below, the vessel coming from below must evade to the left side in advance and stop its movement to ensure unhindered passage of the vessel coming from above from the starboard side, after which at a distance of at least 1.5 km before the oncoming vessel, give two short sound signals and a signal from the starboard side and take measures to pass safely.

Rice. 170. Exchange of signals when overtaking ships

Vessels towing rafts along rivers downstream are the first in 1.5 km sound signals and indicate with a signal to oncoming vessels and convoys the direction of safe passage. When passing an oncoming vessel or convoy from the port side, the rafter gives one long whistle, and when passing from the starboard side - two short sound signals and a signal from the corresponding side.

Oncoming vessels are required to immediately give the same response sound signal and signal from the same side and pass with the sides indicated by the rafter.

When two vessels or convoys follow different navigable routes of reservoirs and can freely pass one another at a sufficient distance without being exposed to the danger of collision, then they are obliged to maintain their position in relation to the banks and continue on their course without exchanging signals.

If several vessels or convoys follow one after another from below towards a moving vessel, signals to diverge are given to each of them.

The interval between the sides during divergence when meeting and overtaking ships and convoys should be as large as possible.

When overtaking a vessel that intends to overtake another vessel (Fig. 170), no closer than 500 m when following from above and beyond 300 m when proceeding from below to the vessel being overtaken or the stern of the last vessels in the convoy, it is obliged to ask the vessel being overtaken on which side it is possible to overtake by giving two short and one long sound signals. Having received a request to overtake, the overtaking vessel must immediately give two short and one long sound signals and a signal from the side from which it intends to let the overtaking vessel pass, at the same time it must reduce speed, evade in the direction opposite to the given signal, and allow the overtaking vessel to pass. vessel. The overtaking vessel, having received permission to overtake, gives the signal from the appropriate side.

If it is impossible to pass, the overtaking vessel gives a “Warning” signal, according to which the overtaking vessel is prohibited from overtaking until permission to overtake.

When meeting, high-speed hydrofoils diverge on their left sides, and when overtaking, the overtaking vessel leaves the overtaken on its starboard side. In this case, the overtaken vessel must reduce speed and proceed in displacement mode until the end of overtaking. Passing and overtaking with other vessels is carried out at the discretion of the watch commander of the hydrofoil vessel. When moving, these vessels must not follow in the wake of other vessels and are obliged to diverge from them when meeting and overtaking, maintaining the greatest possible interval between the sides.

The signal given by a hydrofoil vessel must be unconditionally accepted and confirmed by other vessels, and the skippers of the latter are obliged to firmly keep their vessels on course, preventing their deviations and yaw until divergence or overtaking occurs. km, The exchange of sound and visual signals from a hydrofoil vessel is carried out in at least 2 km.

when overtaking - no less than 1

The order of movement of hydrofoil vessels in roadsteads with high traffic density is announced in the local navigation rules.

When vessels approach bridges, dredgers and sections of the route at the same time where divergence is impossible, the vessel coming from below must stop in a safe place and let the vessel coming from above pass.

2) Divergence and overtaking of ships at the locations of emergency repair barriers (gates), ferry crossings, as well as in bridge spans and approach channels when approaching locks.

4. Passing past working dredging and bottom cleaning equipment.

During navigation on inland waterways, in certain navigable areas, in order to create favorable conditions for the safe passage of ships, dredging and bottom cleaning work is carried out: deepening and widening individual riffles, cleaning the bottom.

When approaching the indicated projectiles, each navigator is obliged to take precautions and blow one long whistle when moving from above at a distance of 1 km, and when moving from below - at a distance of 500 m. If the passage past a standing dredging and bottom-cleaning project is free, then a long whistle is given from it and the signal is given: during the day with a white flag, and at night with the flashing of two side lights at the height of the awning: red on the starboard side and white on the left, indicating which side the vessels can pass by a working projectile, to which the ship must give a response signal. You should move past the projectile at low speed.

If the passage past a dredging or bottom-cleaning projectile standing on a ship's channel is not free or an explosive party is working there, the projectile sounds a "Warning" sound signal or frequently strikes a bell or metal board. Upon receipt of such a signal, the vessel must stop and its further movement is permitted only after permission to move is given from the projectile in the form of a long whistle and a signal from the appropriate side.

5. Approach to the pier and berth.

When approaching the pier, passenger steam ships blow one long whistle. After a sound signal from a self-propelled vessel, berth workers respond with a white flag during the day, and with a horizontal movement of a white light at night. When vessels approach the pier simultaneously from above and below, the right to approach first is given to the vessel coming from above and downstream (if it approaches the pier along the way). A vessel coming from above, when approaching the pier, is obliged to give a sound signal and signal to an oncoming self-propelled vessel that is approaching the pier from below. After exchanging the appropriate signals about the divergence from below, the vessel coming from below must slow down and allow the vessel coming from above to moor at the pier or berth.

§ 71. Prevention and elimination of accidents.

Before setting sail, the driver of the vessel must check whether the hull and air boxes are leaking, the serviceability of the steering, anchor device, drainage equipment, light and sound signals, the provision of rescue, fire-fighting, drainage equipment, mooring lines, the necessary supply of emergency material, fuel, lubricants. The driver is obliged to maintain the vessel in technically sound condition, to monitor the correct placement of cargo and people on the vessel.

The vessel must not be overloaded beyond the established limits.

During the voyage, the vessel must carry the required light signals at night and light them at sunset, and at the right time use the established sound and visual signals. It is the responsibility of the driver to skillfully maneuver the vessel in all conditions and to properly navigate it on both artificial and natural waterways.

Every driver who has the right to independently operate a motor yacht, speedboat or motorboat must be physically healthy, have good eyesight and hearing, and have the necessary theoretical and practical training.

Drivers of small vessels must have a good knowledge of the rules of navigation on inland waterways and local rules of navigation in the basin, have a good understanding of river and special navigation directions, know the basics of navigation and, of course, have a perfect knowledge of the structure of the engine (motor), the rules of its operation and care . After passing the tests, the amateur navigator receives an appropriate certificate giving the right to operate the vessel and machinery. The navigator, like all other crew members, must be disciplined, not allow any deviations in the management of the vessel and machinery, and be highly demanding of himself and others.

In the event of an accident, the navigator is obliged to immediately do everything to eliminate it as quickly as possible, and the main attention should be paid to saving people, the vessel, property and documents.

If a vessel is in danger of flooding, the skipper of this vessel must take all measures to clear the fairway and take the damaged vessel to one of the banks or to a shallow place away from the shipping lane.

If the ship is in danger of imminent destruction, the captain, after taking all measures to save the passengers, allows the ship's crew to leave the ship. The captain himself is the last to leave the ship.

In the event of an accident on the water, when people's lives are in danger, everyone nearby the vessel must immediately take part in providing assistance.

In all cases not provided for by the rules of navigation on inland waterways, the skipper is obliged to take all measures dictated by navigation practice or special circumstances to ensure accident-free navigation, bearing in mind that the rules of navigation do not relieve him of responsibility for everything that happened.

After carrying out the priority measures, you need to draw up a report on the accident; the correctness of the act is evidenced by the signatures of the persons in charge of the vessels, rafts and property.

Before signing the act, all the circumstances under which the accident occurred must be carefully checked. The act is drawn up in the form specified in the “Rules for navigation on inland navigation routes”.

All ships passing emergency vessels are obliged to provide assistance to them. Control authorities can involve any passing ships, their crews and shore workers to eliminate accidents and in natural circumstances.

Vessel visual signaling lights and signs

A vessel at anchor must carry a black ball at such a height that it is visible from all sides. (Rules for navigation on inland waterways clause 92)

2. Indicate the signal displayed during the day on a grounded ship, on the side from which passage is impossible?

A vessel standing aground must display the parking lights installed for it and, in addition, at the level of the floating mark:
- from the side or sides from which the navigation channel is free - a white all-round light on the part of the vessel protruding into the navigation channel;
- from the side from which passage is impossible - three red all-round lights, during the day - three black balls located vertically in a visible place. (Rules for navigation on inland waterways clause 88)

3. What is the vessel doing that has this signal raised?
4. Which of these vessels is engaged in diving work?
5. Which of these signals is carried during the day by a vessel engaged in diving operations?

A vessel engaged in diving work must carry two green all-round lights located vertically at night, and two signal flags “A” during the day. (Rules for navigation on inland waterways clause 101)

6. Which of the following signals can be given by a ship in distress that is asking for help?
7. Which of these signals is raised on a ship that is in distress?
8. What does a signal raised on a ship mean?

When a ship in distress requires assistance, it may indicate:
- a flag with a ball above or below it, or
similar subject;
- frequent flashing all-round light, spotlight, vertical
movement of fire;
- red rockets;
- slow, repeated raising and lowering with arms extended to the side. (Rules of navigation on inland waterways, paragraph 96)

10. Which of these vessels is engaged in fishing?

A vessel engaged in hauling trawl nets or other fishing gear must, in addition to the markings prescribed by other provisions of these Rules, carry:
- at night - two all-round lights located vertically (top - green, bottom - white, at a distance of at least 1 m in front and below the masthead light);
- during the day - two black cones connected by their tops, located one above the other. (Rules of navigation on inland waterways, paragraph 105)

11. After how many meters should nets placed in the immediate vicinity of the shipping channel be marked with circular lights (red - on the right bank, white or yellow, or green - on the left bank)?

Nets placed in the immediate vicinity of the shipping channel or on part of it must be marked every 100 m on boats or other devices with circular lights of the same color as the lights of the corresponding floating navigational signs. (Rules for navigation on inland waterways clause 87)

12. Which of these signals should a self-propelled vessel carrying toxic or explosive substances when aground be carried during the day?

Self-propelled and non-self-propelled ships carrying dangerous goods, or ships that have not been degassed after transporting such goods, must carry a red cone with the top down. On a ship standing aground, three black balls must be carried during the day. (Rules for navigation on inland waterways, paragraphs 91, 88)

13. Which of these ships is a passenger ship and operates at the crossing?

Passenger displacement self-propelled vessels operating at the crossing or on intra-city lines within the boundaries of port waters, as well as a self-propelled ferry underway, must carry a yellow flashing all-round light located above the masthead. (Rules for navigation on inland waterways, paragraph 58)

14. Indicate the lights of a vessel underway towing a mixed convoy?

The towing vessel must carry:
- two masthead lights located vertically; when towing a raft - three masthead lights located vertically;
- side lights;
- a stern light located in the center plane, and a towing light above it. (Rules for navigation on inland waterways, paragraph 61)

15. Indicate the lights of a single self-propelled vessel that is heading towards us?
16. What kind of ship is this and in what condition is it?
17. Which vessel should carry these lights at night while underway?
18. What kind of ship is this?

In accordance with the requirements of the Rules, these lights are carried by a sailing vessel with a motor, a small motorized vessel, a single self-propelled vessel less than 50 m in length. These lights are visible when the ship is underway and following the observer.
A self-propelled small vessel must carry:
- masthead fire;
- side lights;
- stern fire.
(Rules for navigation on inland waterways, paragraph 69)

19. What kind of ship is this?
20. What is this motorized small vessel doing outside the channel?

Rowing boat underway
Motor small vessel is anchored
A single vessel at rest must carry:
- self-propelled with a width of 5 m or less, non-self-propelled with a length of up to 50 m - one white all-round light on the mast
(Rules for navigation on inland waterways, clause 78)

21. How does this motorized small craft move in relation to the observer?
22. What kind of ship is this?

A self-propelled vessel goes to the left of the observer or passes him on the left side

23. Determine what type (type) of watercraft does this night alarm belong to?

A dredging projectile of any design and purpose when working on a ship's course must carry one green all-round light on the mast;
when working on the right side of the navigation channel - two red all-round lights (canopy), located on the bow and stern parts at the height of the awning on the navigation side; when working on the left side - two green all-round lights, respectively; when working across the ship's passage (development of trenches for underwater passages, etc.), the two above-mentioned awning lights must be located on the bow or stern of the dredgers, respectively, on the edge.

(Rules for navigation on inland waterways, paragraph 97)

Sailing ship is under motor

A vessel sailing and at the same time using a power plant must carry a black cone with the top down in the most visible place. (Rules for navigation on inland waterways, paragraph 90)

A sailing vessel over 20m long. Coming at us

20m or more
Coming at us
(Rules of navigation on inland waterways clause 71)

29. What pyrotechnic devices must be on board a small boat of classes 4 and 5?

Red fire flares, at least 3 pieces

30. What movement of the signal flag during the day means the signal “Please stop”?

Horizontal movement of the go-ahead flag

Rice. 169. Exchange of signals when ships meet

The vessel coming from below is first in 1.5 km (Fig. 169) the oncoming vessel gives one long sound signal and a signal * from the port side. The vessel coming from above must immediately take the indicated side of the divergence and give one long sound signal and a signal from the port side.

Rice. 170. Exchange of signals when overtaking ships

Oncoming vessels are required to immediately give the same response sound signal and signal from the same side and pass with the sides indicated by the rafter.

If several vessels or convoys follow one after another from below towards a moving vessel, signals to diverge are given to each of them.

The interval between the sides during divergence when meeting and overtaking ships and convoys should be as large as possible.

If it is impossible to pass, the overtaking vessel gives a “Warning” signal, according to which the overtaking vessel is prohibited from overtaking until permission to overtake.

The signal given by a hydrofoil vessel must be unconditionally accepted and confirmed by other vessels, and the skippers of the latter are obliged to firmly keep their vessels on course, preventing their deviations and yaw until divergence or overtaking occurs. The exchange of sound and visual signals from a hydrofoil vessel is carried out in at least 2 km, when overtaking - no less than 1 km.

The order of movement of hydrofoil vessels in roadsteads with high traffic density is announced in the local navigation rules.

1) Overtaking and passing ships on rivers and canals while simultaneously having three ships abeam. Responsibility for allowing simultaneous overtaking when vessels diverge lies with the watch commander of the vessel being overtaken, who is obliged to take all measures to prevent simultaneous overtaking and diverging.

2) Divergence and overtaking of ships at the locations of emergency repair barriers (gates), ferry crossings, as well as in bridge spans and approach channels when approaching locks.

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