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21.10.15 06:50
Origami is the art of creating original figures from sheets of paper. Originating in Ancient China, the trend became widespread in the East. At first, paper was available only to very rich people, and the basics of origami were mandatory in the training plan for representatives of the noble classes.
Over time, the technology became widespread and became generally available. Today, origami is gradually gaining popularity around the world. Work on a product consists of several stages and requires compliance with a number of rules. Special signs that are used to draw up diagrams allow you to systematize and simplify the process of creating even the most complex figures.
Products created using the origami technique have always been given increased mystical significance. Even fearless samurai used them as amulets, and lovers used original elements to pass notes to each other. Today, crafts have retained their decorative value; they are often used when decorating premises or conducting certain rituals, for example, tea ceremonies.
Basics of origami - material requirements
- The paper should not bend or break.
- You can only use material that holds its shape and does not open up, otherwise the craft will quickly fall apart.
- The quality of a sheet of paper can be easily checked - you need to fold it in half, run your fingers along the fold, forming a tight fold, and unfold it. If the fold line on the inside is smooth, without small cracks running in equal directions, then the material can be used for work.
- The color of the raw material must be even and not stain your hands or adjacent parts.
- Modern origami basics allow the use of glue, scissors, stationery knives and other auxiliary devices.
- If initially only a square sheet of plain paper could be used to create a figure, today the basics of any shape (circles, triangles, polygons, rhombuses) are used. There can be several sheets; the use of scissors is not a mandatory requirement. In addition to plain paper, the use of foil is allowed.
Types and forms of origami - description and features
- Classic. These are the basics of origami, which involve using one colored or blank sheet of paper.
- Origami for children. Simplified variations on a classic theme, designed to develop the baby’s fine motor skills, logic, and quick thinking.
- Modular approach. Products are created from many parts and pieces, taking the form of garlands or other complex compositions.
- Kusudama. A type of modular direction. The product consists of many identical parts that fold into each other. Moreover, every detail is created according to strict classical rules. Usually this is a three-dimensional spherical object.
- Regular origami. A destination intended for beginners or people with limited mobility. Creating products does not involve the use of complex techniques.
- Development work. The most difficult type of origami to understand and reproduce. To create such items you need to have a good understanding of complex drawings.
- Wet folding. For work, wet paper is used. Such figures do not have sharp bends, are soft and seem alive.
Municipal budgetary institution of additional education
Extracurricular Activities Center
Novourgalsk urban settlement
Verkhnebureinsky municipal district of Khabarovsk Territory
Outline
origami classes:
"Basic Origami Shapes"
Compiled by:
additional education teacher
Lexau Lyudmila Mikhailovna
p. New Urgal
2017 – 2018 academic year
Topic: “Basic forms of origami.”
Target: Maintain a steady interest in Origami.
Tasks:
Introduce children to the basic shapes that form the basis of any craft.
Learn to fold basic shapes, which will allow the child to quickly navigate the variety of origami models and learn the techniques of their construction.
Teach children to accurately connect the corners and sides of a square.
To develop an interest in the art of origami.
Material: visual material on basic origami forms: “Triangle”, “Book”, “Door”; product samples; 6 squares of white paper for each child.
Progress of the lesson:
Org moment.
Guys, the Dragon invites you on a journey through his paper country to learn a lot of new and interesting things! So let's go on a trip?
Well, for the journey, the Dragon, the ruler of the paper country, sent us a magic cube that will help us!
Let's begin! (the teacher throws the dice so that a triangle appears).
2. Getting to know new material.
Oh, look where we got to? What geometric figure can this city be compared to?
The teacher shows various crafts made on the basis of the basic “Triangle” shape (sailboat, fish, tulip and others).
That's right, this is the city of Triangle. All cities in the country designate basic shapes. The basic form is a blank for a craft. So the city is called that, because in this city all the inhabitants are made on the basis of such a blank (the teacher shows the children the basic shape “Triangle”, the children repeat after him, attaches it to the board), it is called the basic shape “Triangle”. Let's learn a poem about a triangle.
I will fold the square sheet diagonally.
What is this? Triangle! Everyone knew right away.
Now, make the basic Triangle shape yourself. When ironing the folds, your fingers turn into irons that press firmly on the paper. (Children complete the task). The teacher once again reinforces with the children the name of the basic shape “Triangle”.
We are in a city called...
Let's guess how: Not a bush, but with leaves,
Not a shirt, but a sewn one,
Not a person, but a storyteller. (BOOK).
You and I found ourselves in the city of “Knizhka”. In this city, everything is done based on the basic “Book” form. (The teacher demonstrates the basic form and attaches it to the board). I think you know how to make a “book” out of a square, let’s try it?! Fold your squares in half, matching two opposite sides.
What is this basic form called? Now do it yourself.
I will fold a square sheet of paper in half.
I can leaf through a thin book.
We also learned something in this city, let’s move on! (The teacher rolls the dice so that the picture of a door falls out and shows crafts based on the basic shape of the “Door” (mushroom, pig, boat, seal and others).
And this is a city called “The Door”. In this city, everything is done based on the basic form “Door” (The teacher demonstrates the basic form and places it on the board).
To fold the basic “door” shape, let’s take our “books” and open them, what did you see there? (fold line)
Now lower the sides to the fold line, look what kind of “door” we have!
Children perform this basic form independently once again.
The “door” is not so difficult to fold:
The doors can be opened in it.
Fizminutka
4. Consolidation of what has been learned.
And now we will make crafts based on these basic shapes.
Look at this map. Now I’ll tell you how to make a bunny’s face using this step-by-step map.
The teacher shows the operation card “Bunny”.
1. You need to fold the square diagonally. The result is a triangle
2. Then you need to bend the bottom side of the workpiece slightly up.
3.The right and left sides need to be folded up towards the center line.
4. Turn the workpiece over and tuck the top corner inward.
5. Then we draw the bunny’s face.So it turned out to be a bunny.
Now, children, let's play. Divide into two teams.
One team will try to tell you how to correctly design a cat's face. And the other is the face of a dog.
Children stand around the table, the map is passed around, and everyone shows and says how to design. If children find it difficult, the teacher helps them.
Well done. All the guys completed the task.
5. Summing up.
Paper Country is very large, here you will also find cities with basic shapes such as “Pancake”, “Kite”, “Double Triangle” and “Double Square”, but you will get to know them later.
- Unfortunately, our journey is coming to an end, but the little dragon hopes that you will visit the paper land of ORIGAMI more than once.
Tell me, did you enjoy the trip?
What basic shapes did you learn to make today?
What was interesting in the lesson?
I really liked the way you all worked today. Thanks everyone for your work.
Basic origami shapes are the basis on which a wide variety of models are created. Some with minimal addition of folds, and some go so far from the “base” that it’s impossible to even keep them away! In addition, many of the simplest basic origami shapes serve as the basis for folding more complex basic shapes. Here we present six of the simplest basic shapes available for preschool children to fold:
Basic origami shape “Triangle” Triangle Basic origami shape “Kite” Basic origami shape “Pancake” Basic origami shape “Book” Basic origami shape “Door” Basic origami shape “House”
The rest of the forms are more difficult to fold. You can see them in the article about basic origami shapes for children 6-12 years old.
The simplest form. We bend a square sheet of paper diagonally. Kids accept this explanation well: we make a “scarf” out of a “handkerchief.” To fold neatly, we connect the opposite corners, hold them with the finger of one hand, and smooth out the fold with the other hand.
Based on the basic “Triangle” shape, you can make with your kids, for example, origami animal faces (from 4 years old), a paper chicken (from 4 years old) or an origami claw model (from 5 years old) and a paper cup (from 5 years old).
Basic origami form “Kite” for children from 4 years old
First, fold the basic triangle shape and unfold it. We have the intended diagonal. Connect the sides of the triangle to this line and the basic “Kite” shape is ready.
Based on this basic form, you can make a modular origami model “Flowers for Mom”
Basic form of origami “Pancake” for children from 5 years old
First fold the square diagonally in one direction. Let's unfold it and fold it into another one. Let's expand the square again. We get two diagonals outlined by folds. The intersection of the diagonals is the center of our square. Bend all the corners of the square towards the center.
This is the basic pancake shape.
Basic form of origami “Book” for children from 4 years old
A very simple form - just bend the square in half.
Basic form of origami “Door” for children from 5 years old
Fold the square in half and unfold it. Bend the edges of the sheet to the intended center line. This is the basic "Door" shape
Basic form of origami “House” for children from 6 years old
This is the most complex of the basic forms presented here.
Fold the square in half, connecting the top and bottom sides of the square. Fold the resulting rectangle in half and unfold it. We get the center line outlined by the fold. Bend both sides of the rectangle to this line.
Now the most difficult part of the model remains. On one side, take the topmost layer of paper with the fingers of your right hand and begin to unfold it from the center.
We hold the model with our left hand so that the remaining layers of paper remain in place. When we completely bend the paper, a triangle roof will form on top. Let's smooth it out with our finger. Let's repeat the same thing on the other side. The result was a house with two “entrances”.
You can use the basic origami shape “House” to create the origami application “Teremok”. More complex basic origami shapes: square, double triangle, fish, bird and catamaran can be found in the article “Basic origami shapes for children 6-12 years old.” To read the diagrams correctly and easily, get acquainted with the basic designations and symbols adopted in origami . But keep in mind that these symbols are intended primarily for you. Children are ready to get acquainted with the elements of these signs only after seven years, and they will be able to “read” diagrams fully no earlier than 10-12 years, when their abstract logical thinking is formed.
Simple basic origami shapes “triangle”, “door” and figures based on them. Valentine's Day. Heartfelt letter for the holiday
- Ilyicheva Valentina Vasilievna, technology teacher
Sections: Technology
Practical work:
Lesson Objectives: make three works using the origami technique based on the basic shapes “triangle” and “door”, using diagrams; think over and decorate the composition festively.
educational:
educational:
Methods of conducting classes:
Means of education:
Form of work organization- individual.
Interdisciplinary connections: history, graphics, mathematics.
I. Organizational moment
Greetings. Checking students' readiness for the lesson.
Lesson topic message. Defining the goal (writing on the board).
To summarize the lesson, I propose to keep a record of the answers and completion of practical work during the lesson and make appropriate notes in the table.
Form for recording student answers and completing practical work (for each student)
Evaluation criteria
— students’ oral answers: “+” — 1 point;
— practical work is assessed on a “5” point system: accuracy, ability to work with a diagram, deadlines; creativity, labor protection.
1. Which country is the birthplace of origami?
2. How is the word “ORIGAMI” translated from Japanese?
Student reports on the topic “History of Origami.”
3. On the basis of what geometric figure are the figures in origami usually folded?
4. What properties of a square do you know?
Appendix No. 1 " Conventional signs adopted in origami and folding techniques"
- learn the international symbols adopted in origami;
- master basic folding techniques;
- know basic shapes and be able to fold them from memory;
- paper, scissors, glue.
III. Control of knowledge and skills
Correctness of answers;
Participation in frontal conversation.
IV. Formation of knowledge and skills
Many origami figures are initially folded in the same way - from a square, which in the first stages of work can be folded in several ways. The resulting blanks are called “basic forms”. There are not many of them - eleven. Every origamist knows them by heart. Many of the figures known in origami start with one basic shape or another. They are very ancient, invented by the Japanese, and each form has its own name. Grouping figures according to basic shapes systematizes a huge number of models.
Appendix No. 2“Basic forms” (on the board).
These methods are the initial stage for other basic forms.
Thus, the “scarf”, which has another name as a basic form - “triangle”, serves as the beginning for the basic forms “kite”, “fish”. From the “book” the basic shapes “house”, “door”, “catamaran” are obtained.
Some basic shapes are formed by combining others.
Many basic shapes have several folding options.
Let's master the simplest basic shapes - “triangle” and “door”.
Basic triangle shape Picture 1
This basic shape can be made from either a square or a rectangle.
I remind you of the rules for working safely with scissors.
These basic forms form the basis of our practical work, which is dedicated to the celebration of Valentine's Day.
On February 14, Europe and America celebrate St. Valentine's Day, the patron saint of all lovers. In recent years, this fun holiday has become popular in our country. In order to take part in it, you need to give a heart to someone you love - mom, dad, sister or brother, grandmother, and maybe a friend you like. Hearts can be anything - made from dough, drawn on a postcard or folded from paper.
A little history.
In 269, Claudius II ruled the Roman Empire. The warring Roman army experienced an acute shortage of soldiers for military campaigns, and the emperor was convinced that the main reason for this was marriages, since a married legionary thinks much less about glory than about family. To preserve the warrior spirit in his soldiers, the emperor issued a decree prohibiting legionnaires from marrying. But this did not make the soldiers fall in love any less, and fortunately for them, a man was found who began to secretly marry the legionnaires to their lovers. He was a priest named Valentine from the Roman city of Terni. As soon as the emperor found out about this, he decided to stop his similar activities, and Valentin was sentenced to execution.
The tragedy of the situation was also that Valentin himself was in love with the jailer’s daughter. The day before the execution, the priest wrote a farewell letter to the girl, where he told about his love, and signed it “Your Valentine.” Subsequently, Valentine was canonized by the Catholic Church, and in 496, Pope Galasius declared February 14 as St. Valentine's Day.
Apparently, it was from there that the custom began to write love notes – “Valentines” – on Valentine’s Day. In addition, people like to organize weddings and get married on this holiday. It is believed that this will be the key to eternal love. Valentine's Day began to be celebrated en masse in Western Europe in the 13th century, and in the United States since 1777.
In Russia they celebrate Valentine's Day.
And in Russia a holiday appeared, designed to be a response to the Catholic Valentine's Day. The new holiday was called “Day of Married Love and Family Happiness.” July 8 is designated Valentine's Day - the day of remembrance of Orthodox saints Peter and Fevronia, who ruled the Murom land in the 13th century. . The couple were models of fidelity and love and the ideal of family happiness. Saints Peter and Fevronia are considered a model of marital fidelity. According to legend, Prince Peter of Murom fell in love with the peasant girl Fevronia, but the boyar nobility was against their marriage because of the girl’s low origins. Peter and Fevronia preferred family life to the princely throne. They lived happily ever after, took monasticism in old age, and died in 1228 on the same day and hour. And although the spouses were buried separately, their bodies miraculously ended up in the same grave. The relics of the spouses rest in the Murom Church of the Holy Trinity Monastery. In 2008, the 800th anniversary of the memory of Saints Peter and Fevronia was celebrated. This holiday is celebrated annually in Murom on July 8th. It has long become an unofficial local Valentine's Day.
V. Continued formation of knowledge and skills
1. What methods of folding a square exist?
2. What is the basic form?
3. How to get the basic shape “triangle”, “door”?
Today we will make three paper figures: “letter with a heart”; “open heart”; “dove”.
A special place in our work will need to be given to the design of our work, thus demonstrating our creative attitude To her. Think in advance about the size of your figures, the colors, what additional elements they will contain (letter, postcard, drawing, decorations), also think about the possibilities of combining the figures, i.e. try to create your own composition
These works can become the very hearts that you give to your loved ones for the holiday.
The basis of the work, as already mentioned, is such basic shapes as “TRIANGLE” and “DOOR”, which you already know how to fold. But to fold the “letter with a heart” and “open heart” figures, we will need to master another frequently used working technique: “bend inward.”
From the strip of paper remaining from the square, make a small square on which we will practice.
Please look at the symbols, what does the dark arrow mean?
Let's learn how to work. (I demonstrate work techniques. Students do the work with me).
Now let's start making the figurine.
Practical work No. 1 “Letter with a heart.”
Figure 5
Let us recall the conventions of folding methods. We carry out the work according to the points of the instruction card: Appendix 3, which determines the sequence of execution and reflects working methods.
The teacher demonstrates working techniques. Students check the correctness of their work with the teacher’s example.
Job requirements: attention, accuracy.
Practical work No. 2. “Open heart.”
This work can be used not only for a holiday. It can be an extremely useful thing. You can store paper clips, pencils, erasers, stickers, stamps in it, any little thing.
You do this work yourself, working according to the scheme. . Appendix 4
Practical work No. 3 “Dove”
To do this work, we need to master one more technique: “bend inward.” It is often used to design the beak on the head of a bird.
VI. Control of knowledge and skills (practical work No. 2 and No. 3)
Creative task: “Design of work”
Come up with your own version of the work design.
VII. Summarizing.
1. Consolidation of material on the following questions:
2) Why do you need to know the international symbols adopted in origami?
3) What determines the quality of the work performed?
2. The completed form for recording student work is handed over to the teacher, who sums up the results, notes the best work, student activity, and assigns grades.
2. Conclusion
Origami is an ideal construction set, where thousands of different figures are formed from one piece (sheet). Simple folding techniques and the boundless imagination of people can create an entire world using origami.
Today in the lesson you learned about the origin of the holiday “Valentine’s Day”, you made gifts for this day yourself - two small hearts, having mastered the techniques of working in the origami technique, learned to work with diagrams, tried to create simple compositions from the resulting figures.
Internet resources:
Bibliography:
Applications.
Basic folds and origami shapes
After the first step, getting to know the signs and symbols in origami, it’s time to take the second, which brings us a little closer to this amazing art. Now we need to master the basic patterns of origami - the commonly used simple shapes on which the real pinnacles of the origami work of art are based. And indeed, why clutter up every second diagram if you can study the basic shapes and give the instruction “start with the “square” shape,” instead of repeating the diagram of this very square many times. This will save time and make the diagram clearer.
So, the basic forms of origami: 1. Very simple triangle And rectangle:
2. Pancake or pancake:
3. Water bomb(can you feel the whiff of childhood?):
4, 5. Paper kite (kite), smoothly turning into rhombus Serpent:
And here is a diagram for them. At the fourth stage we get a snake, at the fifth stage the snake is transformed into a rhombus:
Basic origami forms are the basis on which a variety of models are created. Some with minimal addition of folds, and some go so far from the “base” that it’s impossible to even keep them away! In addition, many of the simplest basic origami shapes serve as the basis for folding more complex basic shapes. Here we present six of the simplest basic shapes available for preschool children to fold:
Basic origami shape “Triangle” Triangle
Basic origami form "Kite"
Basic origami form “Pancake”
Basic form of origami “Book”
Basic form of origami “Door”
Basic origami shape “House”
Basic origami shape “Triangle” for children from 4 years old.
The simplest form. We bend a square sheet of paper diagonally. Kids accept this explanation well: we make a “scarf” out of a “handkerchief.” To fold neatly, we connect the opposite corners, hold them with the finger of one hand, and smooth out the fold with the other hand.
Based on the basic “Triangle” shape, you can make it with kids, for example, or a model and
Basic origami form “Kite” for children from 4 years old
First, fold the basic triangle shape and unfold it. We have the intended diagonal.
Connect the sides of the triangle to this line and the basic “Kite” shape is ready. 
Based on this basic form, you can make a modular model
Basic form of origami “Pancake” for children from 5 years old
First fold the square diagonally in one direction. Let's unfold it and fold it into another one. Let's expand the square again. We get two diagonals outlined by folds.
The intersection of the diagonals is the center of our square. Bend all the corners of the square towards the center.
This is the basic pancake shape.
Basic form of origami “Book” for children from 4 years old
A very simple form - just bend the square in half.
Basic form of origami “Door” for children from 5 years old
Fold the square in half and unfold it.
Bend the edges of the sheet to the intended center line. This is the basic "Door" shape
Basic form of origami “House” for children from 6 years old
This is the most complex of the basic forms presented here. 
Fold the square in half, connecting the top and bottom sides of the square.
Fold the resulting rectangle in half and unfold it. We get the center line outlined by the fold.
Bend both sides of the rectangle to this line. 
Now the most difficult part of the model remains. On one side, take the topmost layer of paper with the fingers of your right hand and begin to unfold it from the center.
We hold the model with our left hand so that the remaining layers of paper remain in place. When we completely bend the paper, a triangle roof will form on top. Let's smooth it out with our finger. Let's repeat the same thing on the other side. The result was a house with two “entrances”. 
You can use the basic origami shape “House” to create.
More complex basic origami shapes: square, double triangle, fish, bird and catamaran can be found in the article
To read the diagrams correctly and easily, get acquainted with. But keep in mind that these symbols are intended primarily for you. Children are ready to get acquainted with the elements of these signs only after seven years, and they will be able to “read” diagrams fully no earlier than 10-12 years, when their abstract logical thinking is formed.
