It is quite possible that summer will come someday in the middle zone. This means that it still makes sense to supply bread kvass. It will take at least a week to prepare a good starter, and as forecasters promise, by that time the air temperature should rise above 20 C (daytime).
How to prepare sourdough for
homemade bread kvass
Ingredients:
- 2 liters of cold water;
- 0.5 loaves of Borodino bread or 100 grams of rye flour + 100 grams of rye bread;
- 4 tablespoons granulated sugar;
- 3 grams of yeast.
- Preparation time - 5-6 days
How to put kvass:
And insist again for a couple of days.
Drain again, add the remaining crackers (or flour with crackers) and sugar. And fill it with fresh water again.
During this time, the sourdough will lose its insolent yeasty taste and unpleasant bitterness and it will be possible to use it for drinking kvass. To do this, once every 1.5-2 days, you will need to add water, sugar to taste and a large handful of fresh rye crackers to a three-liter jar with the prepared starter, first removing some of the old soggy ones that have sunk to the bottom. For taste you can add raisins, mint, ginger, honey...
Knitting in short rows, or partial knitting, is very often used in various products, where you need to knit an uneven edge: shoulder bevel, raglan line, wedges on the beret, darts, etc.
Beginning needlewomen, when faced with partial knitting, often make some mistakes, as a result of which holes appear on the product where the lines connect different lengths. Therefore, we suggest watching a master class on the technique of performing shortened rows with photos, diagrams and videos. And to consolidate the result, consider the description of making a headband using the partial knitting method.
Master class on knitting short rows
The master class is conducted with the help of a small sample, on which three methods of partial knitting will be performed. Which one to choose, everyone decides for himself.
Short row with double crochet
The first method of partial knitting is to make yarn overs; for convenience, short rows are knitted with a thread of a different color.
1. So, a sample of arbitrary size is made. The front side is knitted in the selected color for short rows, not reaching the end of the line.
2. The work is turned and yarn over is made. Next, the wrong side is knitted to the beginning, without doing the edge work.
3. In the next row, when knitting the yarn over, the next loop after it is grabbed and one knot is made from them. This closes the hole in the canvas due to the unfinished row.
4. If you need to make a shortened row on the wrong side, then first perform the same procedure: stitch until you turn, unroll the knitting, make a yarn over and continue working on the other side.
5. In the top line, the yarn over is also knitted together with the next loop, but it must first be unrolled. If this is not done, the pattern on the other side will be damaged, and the yarn over will go unnoticed, which is clearly visible when knitting in a different color.
6. You can also swap the yarn over and the next loop - the result will be the same.
Rows with entwined loops
The second method of partial knitting involves entwining the outer loop.
1. A stitch is knitted to the desired location.
2. Then the outermost of the unknitted loops is transferred to the right knitting needle, the thread is in front of the work, and this thread is wrapped around the outermost loop between the knitting needles. Then the entwined knot is returned to the left knitting needle, the knitting is turned.
3. Work continues on the other side.
4. The entwined loop is knitted in this way: the right knitting needle is inserted into the loop from the front under the entwining thread, grabs it and knits everything together (the diagram is suggested below).
5. On the wrong side, everything is done by analogy with the front side: the outermost loop is transferred, wrapped with thread and returned back.
6. The only difference is in knitting the entwined loop: with the right knitting needle, the entwined loop is threaded from behind along with the main one, everything is put on the left one and knitted together. This is clearly visible in the diagram below.
Removing loops
The third method is to remove the loop, like an edge loop, after turning the unknitted row.
Those. the stitch does not go to the end, it is turned to the other side, one loop is removed, like an edge loop and without knitting. Further work continues according to the drawing.
For those who want to visually familiarize themselves with the technique of partial knitting, we suggest watching a video on this topic.
Round parts made in a short row
This type of knitting is simply irreplaceable in knitting napkins, rugs and oven mitts.
You can give a knitted item a certain shape by creating shortened rows. This technique is called partial knitting and is used to design the shoulder, neckline, pockets, folds, and softly round the bottom of a dress or blouse.
It is very important in such work to make a smooth and invisible transition when knitting loops in order to avoid holes between the rows.
How to knit short rows with knitting needles - yarn overs
Partial knitting is done from the front, back, on both sides at once, both at the edges and in the middle of the model. This is not a difficult task, but first, try making bevels on small fragments.
How to knit short rows on the right side
- Knit the motif to the intended turning point and leave a few unknitted loops from the edge of the front row.
- Unfold the piece, yarn over and knit a row in the opposite direction. Continue this way until you have the required number of shortened rows.
- In the front row, yarn over the front wall of the next loop.
- Use the same system to make all the yarn overs and there will be no cells in the knitting.
How to knit short rows on the left side
- Work without knitting stitches at the end of purl rows. Turn the pattern over and yarn over on the right needle.
- Having reached the desired size of the fabric, remove the 1st yarn over on the additional knitting needle in the purl rows and leave it in front of the work.
- Drop the 2nd loop onto the right knitting needle, then return the yarn over and this loop to the left knitting needle and knit everything inside out. Do the same with all yarn overs.
How to knit short rows - wrapped stitches
This method is used when lowering armholes, knitting heels in socks, and visors on caps.
- Face. At the turning point, pull the knit stitch onto the right needle, bring the main thread forward and return the loop back. Wrap the thread around the loop and bring it to work. Unfold the workpiece, throwing the current thread towards you. Grab the yarn over and knit stitch from below with the right needle and knit everything together.
- The wrong side. Having reached a certain point, remove the loop, turn the product over and bring the thread out of the fabric. Next - according to the pattern. At the end of the purl row, turn over the blue loop and knit it together with the red one from the bottom behind the back wall.
How to knit short rows with knitting needles - stretched loop
- Knit a row to the mark of the intended bevel, turn the sample in the other direction, remove 1 loop as a purl.
- Stretch the yarn and knit according to the pattern, and when you reach the stretched loop, make it a knit stitch.
- From the wrong side - the same thing, only knit the stretched loop purl-wise.
This knitting system is used to make sleeves, hoods, collars in blouses, pullovers, vests, wedges in berets and hats, toes in chuns and slippers.
Knitting in short rows is a simple and convenient technique. Learn to do it correctly and you will end up with beautiful, neat, high-quality items without holes or unevenness with identical, even loops.
Short rows or partial knitting help to give the knitted fabric the desired shape, as well as create smooth descents.
Partial knitting can be done in any part knitted fabric: in the middle or along the edges of the product, on the wrong side and on the front side, and even on both sides at the same time.
Shortened rows, as their name suggests, are not knitted to the end; the knitting is turned to the wrong side, before reaching the end of the row, turning the knitting, the wrong side is knitted. Having knitted the purl row, the second front row is knitted, and now it is knitted to the end. Due to this partial knitting, one side of the knitted fabric is longer than the other.
Knitting in short rows gives craftswomen ample opportunities and can be used in the following cases:
- knitting coquettes
- for creating folds, undercuts
- heel tying
- knitting a sprout in leggings, tights, panties
- knitting a sprout when knitting raglan on top
- in knitting a semicircular neck line and an even shoulder bevel
- to form an even semicircle at skirts
The most important thing in knitting short rows is to make a smooth and imperceptible transition between rows. For this purpose they are used different techniques, most often using a yarn over. Some methods give a good, almost imperceptible transition, but more often than not, yarn overs or holes are visible in the places of transition from one row to another. I want to offer you a way to knit short rows without holes.
In this short row technique, there are no yarn overs. Transitions are as unnoticeable and accurate in execution as possible. The essence of this method is tensioning the thread, and since it is not only difficult, but impossible to convey this with photographs, this time I will not take photos, but will immediately invite you to watch my video master class.
Complete copying of the material is prohibited.
Knitting short rows on circular knitting needles
Knitting short rows on circular knitting needles is slightly different from knitting on straight knitting needles.
Knitting short rows in straight fabric
When it is necessary for one side of a knitted product to be longer than the other, they usually resort to knitting shortened rows. Shortened rows are rows that are not knitted to the end, that is, in order for the row to be shortened, the work is turned before the end of the row, and after turning, the same loops that were just knitted are knitted again. As a result, there are many more rows on one side of the canvas than on the other. This technique is also called partial or rotary knitting.
Figure 1 shows a pattern for knitting a dart, when shortened rows are knitted on one side; such rows are made for darts on women's blouses, on the back of children's trousers, when knitting berets and flared skirts. Figure 2 shows a pattern of shortened rows on both sides of knitting. Such rows are knitted to obtain convex parts of the product, for example, to give a characteristic shape to the heels on the toes. Here, in each shortened row, one less loop is knitted and then, in order to “turn the heel,” one more loop is knitted in each row until the original net loops are cast on.
When, when turning the work, all the loops are knitted on top of each other, holes are formed between the loops. They can be left as part of the pattern if the pattern is openwork, or hidden by using the knitting method described below with entwined loops.
Let's take a closer look at how to make short rows in the front row and hide the holes:
1 Knit facial threads to the turning point. Without knitting, slip the next stitch onto the right needle, as in facial knitting, and move the thread forward to the front side of the work between the knitting needles (Fig. 3).
2 Move the removed loop back to the left knitting needle, and move the thread back and keep it at work, as in knitting.
Turn the work as if you had knitted to the end of the row. The removed loop will be entwined and there will be a long constriction around it (Fig. 4). Then knit with purl stitches.
When you knit the knit stitches above the turn and the constriction stitch on the next row, you must knit the knit stitch together with the constriction stitch. This will be done in more detail as follows: knit the fabric up to the entwined loop, then pass the right knitting needle under the constriction along with the loop (Fig. 5) and knit them together.
1 Knit purl stitches to the point of turning without knitting, then slip the next stitch onto the right needle, as in purl knitting, and move the thread forward to the front side of the work between the knitting needles (Fig. 6).
2 Transfer the removed loop back to the left knitting needle, and move the thread back and hold it behind the work, as in knitting, then turn the work, as if you were knitting to the end of the row. Removed loop will be entwined and there will be a long constriction around it (Fig. 7). Next knit with purl stitches.
When you purl the stitches over the turn and overstitch on the next row, you insert the right needle behind the back wall of the loop formed by the yarn and move it onto the left needle. Next we purl the loop together with the constriction.
Such shortened rows can also be used for “horizontal arrows” (Fig. 9), shoulder or other bevels (Fig. 10) and when connecting parts of different densities (Fig. 11).
"Horizontal Arrows"(Fig. 9) is a convenient opportunity to use the ability to knit short rows to give the details of clothing a more tight-fitting or simply original shape. To do this, you need to knit from the edge of the fabric, i.e. from side seam
, to the tip of the "arrow". Then turn and knit to the third or fourth loop (depending on the angle) from the edge of the fabric. Knit in this way and in each front row, each time knitting 3-4 loops further from the side seam, until you get an “arrow” of the required depth. Next, knit along all the loops.
Shoulder bevels (Fig. 10) are also formed using shortened rows. If you close all the loops several times, without knitting to one of the edges, the edge of the fabric on the shoulder section will turn out to be stepped. To prevent this from happening, you can turn the work in front of the loops that need to be closed for the shoulder bevel, and repeat this procedure in each row in which the loops are closed. As a result, all the loops will form a bevel and end up on the knitting needle; now they can be closed in one step. Connect parts (Figure 11), With rows of different densities, short rows will help. For example. you can easily connect a garter stitch sown with the front of a cardigan knitted in stockinette stitch. You will need to knit six rows of garter stitch for every four rows of stockinette stitch.
Having completed the row at the end of the garter stitch, you need to turn and knit with garter stitch, then turn again and knit the garter stitches with knit stitches, turn again and knit them in the reverse row as well. After this, continue knitting on all the loops from a distance.
