What can parents do to better development your child?
Much depends on the parents.
Dear readers! The world A child depends to a large extent on his parents, and they can stimulate the development of their baby.
And here’s the most interesting and paradoxical thing. In order to create ideal environmental conditions for your baby and help him grow and develop, you do not need to go out of your way and make any extra efforts.
One of the biggest secrets of raising children is to spend time with your child - fun and as much as possible. This is the best and most optimal way to help your baby grow emotionally and physically.
Many parents think that for proper development For a child, you definitely need to purchase special games and toys, which often cost a lot of money. Yes, toys are, of course, necessary, but parents must remember that it is more important to engage with the child every day and give him enough time and attention.
Of course, it’s easier to buy your child this or that toy, or better yet, a lot of toys. Place the child alone with them, and go about your own business. Many parents use cartoons for this. But such games and viewings will not particularly stimulate the development of the child. Parents should show the child how to play with this or that toy, and play at least for a while together. And you need to watch cartoons with your child, discussing everything you see.
What else can parents use to help their child develop correctly and comprehensively?
- The most important thing is love and attention. Give your baby plenty of them. Regardless of your child's age, talk to him, hug him, and listen carefully to what he tells you. These are the most important actions that can show the baby his significance and importance.
- Communicate with your child, talk, sing, play, eat together, read.
- Read to your child as much as possible. According to studies, children to whom their parents often read books have a more extensive vocabulary than children to whom they were not read. Through reading, a child learns more about the world in which he lives.
- Familiarize yourself with some rules of behavior for children, basic educational principles, and teach your child how to behave correctly.
- Having a child behave well and offering the child a reward for it will do wonders.
- Find pleasure in everyday, ordinary activities that you can do with your child. This way you will study together with your child and pay attention to him while shopping or hanging laundry, and thereby contribute to the development of the baby.
For example, your child can hand you laundry and count how many things are hung, or you can leave him on the sofa watching cartoons while you are busy with chores. In what case do you think the child’s development will move forward faster?
- Take your child into the kitchen and cook food with him. Cooking and eating together with your baby not only strengthens the relationship, but also teaches the child to take care of their loved ones. By enjoying cooking and dining together, a family can teach a child family traditions and correct healthy eating, which the child will adhere to throughout his life.
By the way, another reason for delayed development of children is insufficient and unbalanced nutrition. This mainly applies to children living in poor countries.
Dear parents, site readers! Take care of your children from birth, give them enough attention, give them love, care and affection! And believe me, your child’s life path will become brighter and more joyful!
Sincerely.
Elena Medvedeva.
The health of children largely depends on the correct, scientifically based, clearly organized meals. Food must not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively meet the physiological needs and capabilities of the child’s body. In our country, everything is done to ensure that children in nurseries, kindergartens and schools receive vitamin-rich, tasty, varied food.
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Soviet government show tireless care and attention to the problem of public nutrition. In the Main Directions of Economic and social development USSR for 1986-1990 and for the period until 2000, approved by the XXVII Congress of the CPSU, it is provided: “To develop public catering at an accelerated pace, to improve the organization of work, to strengthen the material and technical base of this industry. To introduce industrial production technology based on cooperation with industries Food Industry, the creation of large procurement enterprises for the production of semi-finished products and products of a high degree of readiness and the centralized supply of them to public catering enterprises. Increase the network of canteens in schools, colleges, higher and secondary special education institutions educational institutions. By the end of the five-year period, fully ensure that the needs of workers for public catering at their place of work are met. Expand the specialized network of fast food establishments. Significantly improve the quality of prepared dishes" *.
* (Materials of the XXVII Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. M., 1986. P. 305.)
In the food industry, it is necessary to expand the range, improve the quality of products, increase the output of packaged goods, and carry out more rational processing of raw materials. By the end of the twelfth five-year plan, it is planned to increase the production of semi-finished products, frozen fruits, vegetables and ready meals, not requiring culinary processing, soft drinks and their concentrates in a wide range.
To improve children's nutrition, it is planned to significantly expand food production baby food, improve their recipes to produce more balanced diet. For this purpose, specialized enterprises for the production of infant formula, children's meat and canned fruits and vegetables, and diet products are being put into operation. Catering establishments and catering units of children's institutions are equipped with modern high-performance equipment.
Proper organization of nutrition for children from the first days of their life, taking into account age-related needs and individual characteristics determines the development of a healthy child. That is why the role of a cook in the catering department of a children's institution is so great - after all, when preparing food, he must take into account not only the everyday needs of the child's body, but also his needs related to growth, development and improvement of physiological processes.
Baby food cooks are trained in the vocational education system, where students receive secondary education along with a profession.
In vocational schools, future chefs study courses in “Baby Food Cooking” and “Production Organization.”
In the course "Cooking for Baby Food" they study rational methods of mechanical and thermal processing of products for preparing dishes and culinary products in conditions of mass production for children's institutions. It is based on the traditions of folk cuisine, achievements of science and technology.
The production of culinary products in modern catering establishments is a complex technological process, consisting of a number of sequential operations for processing products and preparing dishes. Special attention The textbook focuses on therapeutic nutrition. This section is based on data from physiology, biochemistry and food hygiene, in particular knowledge about the role of individual nutrients and products in nutrition, the importance of balance and diet. Based on recent research, it is considered advisable to reduce sodium in the diets of children and adults. Excessive use in baby food is unacceptable. table salt. For children before school age When preparing dishes, salt is added at the rate of 0.5-0.8% by weight of the finished product. Moreover, for children under 1 year - 0.5%, from 1 to 3 years - 0.6, from 3 to 5 years - 0.7, from 5 to 7 years - 0.8%.
“Baby food cooking” is closely related to such disciplines as merchandising food products, basics of nutritional physiology, hygiene and sanitation, organization of production, technological equipment of the catering department, as well as chemistry and physics.
The quality of finished food largely depends on the raw materials used. Therefore, studying the merchandising of food products is necessary to assess their quality, proper storage and determine the most rational methods of processing.
The cook must know the basics of nutritional physiology. This will help him more correctly conduct technological processes for the production of semi-finished products and finished products in order to maximize the preservation of nutrients in them and obtain high quality products.
If technological processes or shelf life of raw materials and finished products are violated, food poisoning may occur. Therefore, in the process of preparing, storing and selling prepared food, the cook is obliged to strictly observe the requirements of hygiene and sanitation.
The cook must know physics and chemistry, since during culinary processing of products, physical, chemical and biochemical changes occur in them, which directly affect the quality of the finished product.
Knowledge of the basics of “Production Organization” contributes to higher productivity of a cook and an increase in production standards. Finally, the work of a cook in a catering department involves the use of mechanical, thermal and refrigeration equipment, so he needs knowledge of the design and operating rules of various machines and units.
A baby food cook, according to the “Unified Tariff and Qualification Directory of Works and Professions in Trade and Public Catering,” must be able to, taking into account the specifics of baby food: 1) prepare dishes for children of different ages in child care institutions (nurseries, kindergartens, kindergartens, schools, children's cafes and other catering establishments); 2) prepare simple milk mixtures, vegetable and fruit juices, vegetable and fruit purees, meat products; 3) prepare liquid 5- and 10% porridges, as well as semi-viscous, viscous and crumbly porridges from various cereals; 4) prepare boiled, stewed and baked dishes from vegetables, purees, soufflés, etc.; 5) cook meat and bone and chicken broths; 6) prepare seasoning, puree, milk, cold, sweet soups; 7) prepare tomato, sour cream, milk, sweet sauces; 8) prepare cutlets, meatballs, meatballs, soufflé, goulash and other main courses from meat, chicken and fish products; 9) prepare dishes from eggs and cottage cheese; 10) prepare casseroles from cereals, vegetables with meat, eggs, cottage cheese; 11) prepare vegetable, meat and vegetable salads, vinaigrettes, liver pate, chopped herring, marinated fish and other cold dishes; 12) prepare hot and cold sweet dishes and drinks, compotes, jelly, jelly, mousse, fruit drink, croutons with fruit, etc.; 13) knead yeast and yeast-free dough and bake buns, pies, cheesecakes, pancakes, pancakes and other products from it; 14) portion and distribute dishes in accordance with age standards for infants, toddlers, preschool and primary school children; 15) handle and use fuel, electricity and materials sparingly; 16) apply advanced work techniques, methods of organizing work and the workplace; 17) comply with labor safety, sanitation and hygiene requirements, as well as internal labor regulations.
A baby food cook must know: 1) the basics and importance of nutrition for infants, toddlers, preschoolers and primary school children; 2) characteristics and biological value of various food products, signs of good quality of food products and organoleptic methods for their determination; 3) periods of storage and sale of raw materials and finished products, semi-finished products; 4) features of culinary processing of products for children; 5) technology for preparing first, second, third, cold dishes and dough products; 6) mode and duration of heat treatment: cooking, frying, poaching, baking; 7) norms, ratio and sequence of laying raw materials; 8) the volume of dishes in accordance with the age of the children; 9) rules for using the product replacement table; 10) the design and principles of operation of the serviced mechanical, thermal, weighing, refrigeration and other equipment, the rules for its operation and care; 11) sanitary rules for maintaining a catering unit; 12) rules of personal hygiene; 13) prevention measures food poisoning; 14) rules for distributing food to children; 15) basic economics of labor and production; 16) labor safety requirements, fire safety measures and internal regulations.
Family leisure is one of the main indicators of family well-being. From an early age we are instilled with the idea that family is social institution, and every person should have it. Each family has its own holidays, dreams, traditions, aspirations, spiritual and material values. That is, these are the criteria that help the family feel that they are one inseparable team. The more time you spend with your family, the better you understand each other. Active and educational time with your family should be planned in advance.
Many people make a list of those activities that they associate with the concept of family leisure. Often such events include family picnics, family hikes, as well as excursions, exhibitions, themed lectures and dinners, Board games, visiting theaters, etc.
A visit to the theater will not leave either children or adults indifferent. If, after all, your family approves of visiting cinemas, then it is best to choose to watch family comedies or a funny cartoon. Also good option for children's entertainment there is a circus, a dolphinarium, a water park, an amusement park or a hippodrome. Family is our fortress, where they will always understand and help us in difficult times. The main, and perhaps the main, criterion in the organization family leisure is that no one from the family circle gets bored. All family members should feel comfortable and cozy.
The health of a child largely depends on its embryonic development and the health of the mother. Today, research institutes are conducting research to determine the causes of the birth of children with physical defects and mental disorders. Scientists have found that even minor exposure to ionizing radiation by a pregnant woman can cause defects in a newborn baby. Also on intrauterine development and child health are influenced by viruses, microorganisms, and poor nutrition of the mother. During pregnancy, you should not self-medicate, take antibiotics, anticoagulants. WHO statistics over the past four years indicate that eight thousand cases of adverse drug events are associated with genetic factors. Therefore, before using drugs, it is necessary to study in detail the mechanism of their action. In addition to birth defects, which are caused by the action of exogenous factors on the embryo, there are many more genetic diseases.
Parents often make mistakes in their attitude to the “bad” behavior of their children - some completely ignore aggressive behavior, believing that with age “it will go away on its own,” while others, on the contrary, use unreasonably harsh punishments. How to respond to aggression? What to do if your “ideal” baby suddenly begins to hit the cat, offend other children, bite and disobey?
As the child grows up, the reasons for it also change. aggressive behavior. Therefore, parents need to consider age characteristics their children and react to certain things in accordance with them. However, there are also some general provisions applicable to everyone age groups. So, how can you properly respond to your child’s aggressive attacks in order to help him cope with negative emotions?
First of all, control your behavior. Avoid conflicts, rude shouting, and especially do not use physical strength under no circumstances. If you yourself scream, break dishes, kick the cat and spank your child, then be prepared for the child to behave the same way towards you, peers, pets, etc.
The system of requirements for the child must be understandable, clear, and consistent. It is incorrect to evaluate the same action depending on your mood (for example, yesterday you severely punished a child for hitting a dog, but today you did not pay attention to it). The internal stability of the baby and the formation of his picture of the world depend on the sequence of your requirements.
The word “impossible” should be used in exceptional cases when the child’s behavior threatens his life and health (for example, he touches the wires, reaches for a hot frying pan, climbs onto the windowsill, takes a knife, etc.). In this case, you should be firm and quick to react. Say “No!” loudly and clearly. or “You can’t!” and stop the baby. If necessary, hold his hand or pick him up and hold him tightly to you. Only in this case will the child learn this word and react to it, even if expressing dissatisfaction. If prohibitions are heard every minute for any reason or without, then the baby, on the one hand, stops “hearing” them, and on the other, he is constantly irritated and angry with you, since you constantly interfere with the achievement of his goals.
Never respond to your child’s aggressive attacks in kind.(if he bites or hits you, and you repeat his action to show how unpleasant it is for you, in fact, you will tacitly confirm that it is possible to do this and will only reinforce this behavior in him). If he offended you, move away from him, deprive him of communication for a while (but not for long). If he hits a child on the playground, take him home. In this way, the child will learn that he is deprived of interesting activities and communication if he fights, bites, etc. and will gradually give up such manifestations of aggression.
Punishment for aggressive behavior must follow immediately. At the same time, you should not give lectures or moralizing (the child simply will not hear or perceive them). It is also wrong to deprive a child of your attention, communication or games for a long time, especially since you should not delay punishment (for example, during a walk there was a fight due to the child’s fault, and you scolded him at home 3 hours later), since children very quickly forget what caused it. everything happened, and they perceive the punishment as injustice.
Provide your child with opportunities for intense physical activity.: let him run, jump, sing loudly, clap his hands, beat the drum, etc. It is known, for example, that running, team and competitive games contribute to the greatest release of aggression.
Encourage your child's cognitive activity– restrictions on independence and initiative provoke aggressive reactions in the child.
Leave your child enough time for games, walks, and communication. Heavy workload (clubs, sections, all kinds of activities) leads to overexertion nervous system, serves as a basis for protest aggressive behavior.
Warn in advance situations that can make you and your loved ones angry and angry. If you know that your husband values his new radio equipment, you should not let your child play with the remote control and headphones. Place limiters on all drawers and doors if the “mountain” of all kinds of things and objects in the middle of the room causes you horror and indignation, etc.
If you are irritated and easily upset, you should not start joint games with the baby. Give yourself time to calm down a little and come to your senses. Do not pick up a child in this state - children are easily “infected” by the emotional state of their parents.
If you are tired, sad, upset, share your condition with your child. Tell him: “I need to calm down a little,” “I’m very tired at work, I’ll come to my senses soon and we’ll play.” If you are silently worried and nervous, the child may think that you are angry with him (children tend to take a lot of things personally). If you feel that you are angry and upset, give yourself time to recover, do something that gives you pleasure - drink tea, take a warm bath, listen to your favorite music, etc. Remember that the condition of your child largely depends on your condition .
Try to prevent situations in advance in which a child may show aggression. For example, if you know that after your long absence during the day, your baby greets you with fists, screams and whims, prepare him in advance for your departure. To help your child cope with fears and anxiety associated with separation and your absence, warn him that you will be leaving soon, tell him where and why, what you will do there and when you will return. This will calm the baby. If you have to go to the doctor, kindergarten, prepare your child for these events: tell him about what will happen there, play with him “doctor” (let him “treat” you, “give an injection”, “check your teeth”) or “educator” (“feed” everyone bears and dolls for lunch, put them to bed, read a book to them, “play” with them), etc.
Thus, it is always important to remember that the behavior and emotional well-being of a child largely depends on the internal state of the parents, their reaction to his actions, the system of demands and punishments, consistency and stability in the approach to education. Think about this every time your baby behaves aggressively!
Text: our partner, informational portal for current and future mothers
Parents who raise happy, capable children have a lot in common.
Paul L Dineen/Flickr.comThey teach children socialization skills
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania and Duke University followed more than 700 children from across America for 20 years to find the link between the development of social skills in childhood and success at age 25.
Long-term research has shown that those children who know how to cooperate with their peers, understand their feelings, are willing to help others and solve problems on their own are more likely to complete their education, receive a diploma and get a permanent job.
Those who had difficulty connecting with others as children were much more likely to experience social problems as adults. unpleasant situations, generally had a higher chance of being arrested and could not boast of high social status.
“This study shows that parents should help children develop social skills and emotional intellect. These are some of the most important skills a child needs to be prepared for the future, says Kristin Schubert, program director of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, which funded the research. - WITH early age these skills determine whether a child will study or go to prison, whether he will get a job or get stuck in drug addiction.”
They expect a lot from the child
Using data from a national survey of 6,600 children born in 2001, Professor Neal Halfon and his colleagues at the University of California, Los Angeles were able to find that parents' expectations have a huge impact on what their children achieve in the future.
“Parents who expected their child to attend university in the future seemed to be guiding their child toward that goal, regardless of family income or other factors,” the professor said.
This is confirmed by the so-called Pygmalion effect, described by the American psychologist Rosenthal. Its essence lies in the fact that a person who is firmly convinced of a fact unconsciously acts in such a way as to obtain real confirmation of his confidence. In the case of children, they unconsciously try to live up to their parents' expectations.
Mothers work
Psychologists have discovered that daughters of working mothers go to school already having experience of independent living. In the future, such children will earn on average 23% more than their peers who grew up in families where mothers did not work and devoted all their time to home and family.
Sons of working mothers showed a stronger tendency to care for children and do housework: the study found that they spent 7.5 hours more per week caring for children and helping with housework.
“Situation modeling is a way to send a signal: you show what is appropriate in terms of how you behave, what you do, who you help,” says lead author of the study, Harvard Business School professor Kathleen McGinn.
They have a higher socioeconomic status
The higher the parents' income, the higher the grades of their children - this is a general pattern. These data may sadden us, because many families are not able to boast of a large income and ample opportunities. Well, psychologists say: this situation really limits the child’s potential.
Sean Reardon, a researcher at Stanford University, points out that the statistical difference in the success of children from rich and poor families is only growing. If you compare those born in 1990 with those born in 2001, you can see that the gap has grown from 30% to 40%.
Apart from complex, expensive interventions, family socioeconomic status alone motivates children to achieve more academically.
They received higher education
The study found that children born to mothers in adolescence, are less likely to finish school and go to university.
A 2014 study led by psychologist Sandra Tang found that mothers who completed high school and college were more likely to raise children who also completed college.
Responsibility for a child's aspirations lies at least partially on the shoulders of the parents.
Psychologist Eric Dubow found that the level of education of parents when their child turns 8 years old determines the next 40 years. This means that the child’s future success largely depends on him.
They teach their children math from an early age
A 2007 analysis of the behavior of 35,000 preschoolers from the USA, Canada and England showed: early development Mathematical abilities become a huge advantage for the child in the future. Why this is so is not very clear, but the fact remains. Children who understand numbers and basic math concepts from an early age learn to read faster.
They develop relationships with their children
Sarah G/Flickr.com A 2014 study found that children who are treated with understanding and respect in the first three years of life not only perform better academically, but are also able to form healthy relationships with others. By the age of 30, most of them are more successful and educated people.
Parents who are sensitive and attentive to their child give him the feeling of security necessary to develop further and explore the world around him.
They are less stressed
Scientific research suggests that the amount of time mothers spend alone with their children between the ages of 3 and 11 makes little difference to their development. But active, intense and obsessive mothering can have devastating consequences.
When a mother is stressed from trying to balance work and family, she is a bad influence on her children. The fact is that there is a psychological phenomenon of “contagiousness” of emotions. People are able to pick up on each other's feelings like catching a cold. Therefore, when one parent is mentally exhausted or sad, this gloomy feeling is transmitted to the child.
They value effort over fear of failure.
For decades, Carol Dwek, a psychologist at Stanford University, has conducted research in which she has discovered that children (and adults) are able to measure success in two ways.
The first one is called fixed mindset. People who think this way evaluate their abilities, intelligence and talents as a given, as something that cannot be changed. Accordingly, for them, success is measured only by this value and they devote all their efforts to not only achieving their goal, but also avoiding mistakes in any way.
There is also forward thinking aimed at accepting the challenge. Failure for such a person is a “springboard” for further growth and work on one’s own abilities.
So if you tell your child that they did well on a test because they have “always been good at math,” you are teaching them a fixed mindset. And if you say that he succeeded because he made every effort, the baby will understand: he can develop his abilities, and each subsequent effort will bring a new result.
