Dear Parents! Instilling interest in math in young children is not an easy task. Make them interesting!
And since children are very fond of fairy tales, funny stories - you can use them!
"How the line was born"
There was a small dot in the country of Geometry. It was a very beautiful red dot. One day she thought:
- How I want to have many friends! I'm going to travel and look for some girlfriends.
As soon as the red dot went beyond the gate, the dot goes to meet it too, only the green one. A green dot approaches a red one and asks her where she is going.
- I'm going to look for friends. Get up next to me and go travel together.
After a while, they meet a blue dot. Friends are walking along the road - points, and every day there are more and more of them. And finally, there were so many of them that they lined up in one row, shoulder to shoulder, and a line was formed. When the points go straight, the line is straight. When it is uneven, crooked, a curved line is obtained.
"Pros and cons"
In ancient times, one mathematician had three students. When they perfectly mastered all arithmetic operations, the teacher called them and said:
- Now that you have reached some heights in mathematics, it's time to put your knowledge into practice, in life. Go ahead and consider what is more in the world - pluses or minuses.
The disciples left, and came exactly three years later, as agreed.
- Well, here you are, - he turned to the first student, - tell me, what is there in the world: pluses or minuses?
- Of course, pluses. I met a smart, beautiful, rich wife. We have a wonderful home, gardens, wonderful fruits. During this time, two wonderful children were born. And in general, I believe that there are disadvantages only in mathematics, in life they do not exist at all.
- Well, what have you counted? - With sadness he turned to his other student.
- I counted ... I counted all the time ... Gold, various jewelry, money. But I got robbed. All around are scoundrels and crooks.
- Well, what about my assignment? Which is more: pluses or minuses?
- What are the advantages? Have you ever seen them in your life? At every step, there are only cons.
The teacher became even more sad, waved his hand and said nothing.
- I, the teacher, did not have time for anything. I saw both the pros and cons. I saw that the pluses bring people joy, and the minuses bring sorrow. And I wanted to make sure that in people's lives there were as many pluses and as few minuses as possible.
“Still, it's a great action. More pluses, fewer minuses - it's worth living for. Well done, you have mastered my science well!
Do you guys think about it?
« Travel through the land of geometry "
One day the Owlet heard an unfamiliar word "geometry". He became very interested in what it was, and he ran to his mother - the Wise Owl. Mother Owl took a piece of paper and a pencil and drew a dot and a straight line there.
That's the point, ”she said. - Point, - repeated after her Owlet.
Mother Owl has now drawn two points and drew a line (line) through it. -Look carefully, Owlet, this is the line. Straight line. Try to draw such a straight line, here's a ruler.
The owlet was very happy when he got a straight line and even quickly composed this song:
We have drawn a straight line for the first time!
Now I know what geometry is. She draws straight lines. Wise Owl laughed.
Take your time, Owlet, geometry studies not only lines, look: the stool is to the left of the chair, and the chair is to the right of the stool. And here are a boy and a girl. Tell me: which of them is on the left and who is on the right? And here are two points located on opposite sides of the straight line: - Show which one is to the left of the straight line, which one is to the right?
I know, I know, ”shouted the Elephant,“ geometry studies who is on the right and who is on the left! Wise Owl shook her head and continued her story:
Geometry can still do a lot, for example, it helps to build houses.
Look out the window, you see, a house is under construction. Two have already risen above the ground
floors, and the builders are erecting a third. A crane is helping the builders.
He lifts large slabs from the ground - floors and gives them to the builders.
Under the weight of the load, the steel cable was taut. Here's another straight line
line. It stretched exactly from top to bottom. This line is called vertical. The owlet understood everything and, with joy, came up with a new song:
Here is my string!
I tied a stone to her,
And the rope instantly
Stretched vertically!
Builders often use such a rope with a weight in their work, continued the Owl. -For what? - asked the Owlet.
In order to check whether the wall of the house is upright, whether it has tilted in any direction. If the wall tilts, then the rope with a weight will not go along the wall, but like this: The builders must put the wall vertically, like this: Otherwise, the house may fall.
"The Tale of the Segment"
Once upon a time there was a Pencil. He was very inquisitive and wanted to know everything. He will see an unfamiliar line and will certainly ask:
- What is this line called?
Once Pencil came out on a straight line and walked along this straight line. Walked, walked in a straight line, walked for a long time. Tired. He stopped and said:
- How long will I go? Is the end of the straight soon?
Straight laughed:
- Eh you, Pencil! After all, you will not reach the end: do you not know that the straight line has no end?
Then I'll turn back, ”said Pencil. - I probably went in the wrong direction.
And there will be no end to the other side. The line has no ends at all. It is endless ... - And Straight, even sang a song to herself:
Without end and edge
The line is straight!
Follow it for at least a hundred years,
No end to be found!
Pencil was saddened to learn that the line has no ends at all.
How to be? Why should I have to go and go without end?
Well, if you do not want to go without end, then mark two points on the straight line, - said the Straight.
Hooray! Cried Pencil. - There are two ends, now I can walk along the Straight line from one point to another. What happened on Pryamaya? How does is called?
This is my segment, - the Straight Line smiled.
A straight segment, a straight segment, - Pencil repeated with pleasure, walking along the segment from one end to the other. (He was so glad there was no trace of fatigue.)
« Adventure Point "
Once upon a time there was a Point. She wanted to know everything. He will see an unfamiliar line and will certainly ask:
What is this line called? Is it long or short?
Once the Point thought: “How can I find out everything if I always live in one place? I'll go traveling! " No sooner said than done. Point came out directly to the line and went along this line.
Walked-walked in a straight line. Walked for a long time. Tired. She stopped and said:
How long will I have to go? Is the end of the straight line soon?
Eh, you, Point! After all, you will not reach the end: do you not know that the straight line has no end?
Then I'll turn back, ”said the Point. - I probably went in the wrong direction.
And there will be no end to the other side. A straight line has no ends at all.
The point was saddened:
How to be? Well, will I have to go, go endlessly?
You can call for help Scissors, - advised the Straight. Then, out of nowhere, the Scissors appeared, clicked in front of their very nose and cut Straight.
Hooray! - Point shouted. - That’s the end! Now please make the end on the other side.
- It is possible on the other, - obediently clicked the Scissors.
- How interesting! - Exclaimed the Point. - What of my straight
happened? End on one side, end on the other. Like this
called?
“This is a segment,” said the Scissors. - You can cut many segments and even different lengths: some are short, others are long. And you can scatter them as you like. - The scissors clicked quickly, quickly.
Look what happened. If you draw a circle, you get a sun with different rays, ”Point answered timidly. - How can you determine exactly which of the segments is the longest and which is the shortest?
You need to call for help Compass and Ruler.
Then the Scissors clicked on the assistants. Compass and Ruler came and got down to business.
The compass spread his legs and measured one segment, then went to the other, the smallest, and the Owlet immediately saw that this segment was smaller than the first.
- And the ruler can accurately answer how much less this segment is, - it is important
answered the compass, - and I can reconnect the segments.
The compass pulled the beams to each other, connected them with their ends, and this is what happened.
Yes, ”the Point exclaimed,“ this is not a straight line. You can't go straight here, you have to turn. What is it? How does is called?
This is the corner, ”said Compass.
Angle ... Angle ... - Repeated the Point several times, a new word for her - Compass, but what is the name of the place where the rays connect?
Top of the corner. Now you are the Point at the top of the corner. And the rays that start from you are the sides of the corner. You can even ride once or twice. Tochka liked this advice. She rolls and says:
From the top along the beam
As if I’ll rock it from a hill.
only the ray is now "she",
It's called the "side."
The Point rolled a little more along the sides of the corner, and then returned to the top and turned to Compass:
I want to roll faster. Could you make the slide steeper?
You can, - answered the Tsirkul.
He moved the sides of the corner like this:
Is that too much? - the Point squeaked.
What is an acute angle? Will you roll head over heels with such a steep hill? Don't need so cool?
The compass pushed the sides of the corner slightly apart.
Now it's good, - said Tochka. - But I already didn't want to ride. You better tell me everything you know about coal.
Angles are different: straight; angles that are wider than straight angles are called obtuse angles; and angles that are less than straight lines are called acute angles.
"About the triangle"
A long time ago, there was a geometric State in the mathematical kingdom and King Triangleus ruled over it. He was already old and was often ill. Once he collects his heralds and sends them to villages and cities with a task: to find a person who would heal Triangleus. And such a doctor was found in the town “Three sides. »He came to the king with a triangular sheet, on which a drawing was depicted and the question was posed: how many different triangles are in this drawing? Name them. King Triangle thought all day. And when I decided, I immediately felt healthy and rejuvenated.
But you, my friend, are healthy. It shouldn't be too difficult for you to count all the triangles in this figure. But just in case, you too, listen to the advice that the doctor gave the king at parting:
Who is more or less
I am familiar with patience
He considers patience
Not a trifle at all.
No chance, no luck
You will be helped suddenly.
Patience, patience
Your very best friend.
Yes, we forgot to tell you the most important thing. As soon as the king sat down to guess the number of triangles in the picture, music was heard. It was the triangles singing. I hope you haven't forgotten that this was in a fairy land? If you want, you can even learn the song of triangles, it’s magical and will help you solve any problem more fun and faster:
You are at me, you are at him,
Look at all of us.
We have everything, we have everything
We only have three.
Three sides and three corners
And the same number of peaks.
And hard three times
We will commit three times.
Everyone in our city is friends
You can't find a friendlier one. We are a family of triangles, everyone should know us.
(V. Shitomirsky)
I wish you success, dear parents!
T. Zimenko,
educator of the highest qualification category.
Teaching math to young children is not an easy task. To make preschoolers' activities interesting, they need to be done in a fun way, so that such a rigorous science as mathematics becomes more interesting than games.
Children are very fond of fairy tales, funny stories. But it is through reading such works that a child can easily assimilate knowledge, memorize numbers, solve simple problems, get the first ideas about time, space, size, geometric shapes and, most importantly, think creatively and find the right solution. Use the child's love for the heroes of fairy tales and cartoons and come up with puzzles - fairy tales with their participation. The child will be happy to solve such fabulous problems.
"Long short"
In one small village there lived a family: mom, dad and two daughters. One was called Lyusenka, and the other Nyusenka. Actually, the real Nysenka's name was Anna, but when she disagreed with something, she would say: “No-no-no, nu-nu-nu,” that's why they called her Nyusenka.
Once a mother said to her daughters: “We need to go to a neighboring village and take a gift to grandmother, because she has a birthday tomorrow. Walk along the short path through the field, so you will get there faster. " But Nusenka immediately whimpered: “No, I won't go across the field. The sun is shining hot, the bees bite, I will get tired. " “But this is shorter and faster,” Lyusya told her. Nusenka did not listen to her sister and, taking a gift for her grandmother, went through the forest along a long road.
The first to come to my grandmother, of course, was Lyusenka. She congratulated her beloved grandmother on her birthday, gave her a bouquet of wildflowers, which she picked on the way, and the two sat down to drink tea. And when Lyusenka and her grandmother had already eaten two cheesecakes and three sweets, Nusenka appeared. "Nu-nu-nu, you have already eaten everything sweet without me, did not wait for me." To which Lyusenka answered her: "You went along the long path, and I walked along the short path, so I came to my grandmother before you."
"Flat and voluminous"
Two sisters, Lyusenka and Nyusenka, rested in the village with their grandmother in the summer. They went swimming on the river, in the forest for berries, played with the neighbors' children.
On the weekend, mother and father of Lyusenka and Nyusenka were to come to visit grandmother. On Friday, grandmother says: "Come on, beautiful girls, help me bake pies and buns, I've already kneaded the dough." The grandmother lifted the towel that covered a large saucepan, and the girls saw a huge lump of dough. "Oh, and we will get good pies, and what a bulky dough it turned out, you can hardly hug it even with your hands." Lyusenka was very surprised: "What kind of dough came out?" “Volumetric. Everything that can be hugged is called volumetric. " Nusenka immediately asked a question: "What if you can't hug?" “Then it's called flat. Now I’ll roll out the dough with a rolling pin and it will look like a pancake. This pancake is flat. Well, look around, what you see is flat and what is voluminous. " The girls began to look at the objects around them. They found a lot of flat things: a piece of paper, a mirror, a carpet. Bulky: ball, nuts, apples. The girls were so carried away by this game that they did not notice how their parents arrived. Can you find bulky and flat objects around you?
Mathematics is not only an exact science, but also quite complex. It is not easy for everyone, and it is even more difficult to introduce a child to perseverance and love for numbers. Recently, such a method as mathematical fairy tales has been popular among teachers. The results of their trial use in practice were impressive, and therefore fairy tales became an effective way of introducing children to science. They are increasingly used in schools.
Number stories for the little ones
Now, before a child goes to first grade, he should already be able to write, read and perform the simplest mathematical actions. Parents will benefit from math fairy tales for preschoolers, as with them kids learn the amazing world of numbers in a playful way.
Such stories are simple stories of good and evil, where the main characters are numbers. They have their own country and their own kingdom, there are kings, teachers and students, and in these lines there is always morality, which the little listener needs to catch.
The Tale of the Proud Number One
Once Digit One was walking down the street and saw a rocket in the sky.
Hello fast and nimble rocket! My name is Number One. I am very lonely and proud, like you. I like to walk alone and am not afraid of anything. I believe that loneliness is the most important quality, and the one who is alone is always right.
To this the rocket replied:
Why am I alone? Quite the opposite. I take astronauts into the sky, they sit inside me, and around us are stars and planets.
Having said this, the rocket flew away, and our heroine went further and saw Number Two. She immediately greeted her proud and lonely friend:
Hi Odin, let's go for a walk with me.
I don't want to, I like to be alone. The one who is alone is considered the most important, - said the One.
Why do you think that the one who is alone is the most important? - asked Deuce.
A person has one head, and it is the most important, which means that one is better than two.
Although a person has one head, he has two arms and two legs. Even on the head, a pair of eyes and ears. And these are the most important organs.
Then Unity realized that it was very difficult to be alone, and went for a walk with Number Two.
Funny math Three and Two
In one school state, where all the children loved to study, there was a Number Five. And everyone else was jealous of her, especially Three and Two. And one day two friends decided to expel the Five from the state so that the students would love them, and not the cherished assessment. We thought and thought about how to do this, but according to the laws of the school state, no one has the right to banish the figure, it can only leave of its own accord.
Three and Two decided to make a cunning move. They argued with the Number Five. If she doesn't win, she must leave. The subject of controversy was the answer of a poor student in a math lesson. If he gets the cancellation of “five,” then the courageous number will win, and if not, then Three and Two will be the winners.
Number Five honestly prepared for the lesson. She spent the whole evening studying with the boy, learning numbers and making up equalities. The next day, the student received a "five" at school, our heroine won, and Troika and Deuce had to run away in disgrace.
Math Tales for Primary School Children
Kids enjoy listening to math fairy tales. In mathematics, grade 3 with their help assimilates the material more easily. But guys at this age can not only listen, but also compose their own stories.
All stories during this period are chosen quite simple. The main characters are numbers and signs. It is very important at this age to show the children how to learn correctly. Parents and teachers can find a lot of useful information in the books for grade 3 ("Mathematics"). We will tell further mathematical tales with different characters.
The parable about large numbers
Once all the big numbers got together and went to a restaurant to rest. Among them were domestic ones - Raven, Deck, Darkness, which are already thousands of years old, and proud foreign guests - Million, Trillion, Quintillion and Sextillion.
And they ordered a noble dinner: pancakes with red and black caviar, expensive champagne, they eat, they go for a walk, they do not deny themselves anything. At their table the waiter is working - Nolik. Runs back and forth, gives everything, removes broken wine glasses, looks after, sparing no effort. And the distinguished guests keep repeating to themselves: "Bring this, bring this." Nolik is not respected. And Sextillion also gave a slap on the head.
Then Nolik took offense and quit the restaurant. And all the tall ones became ordinary Ones, worthless. So, you cannot offend even those who seem unimportant.
Equation with one unknown
And here is another mathematical tale (grade 3) - about the unknown X.
Once upon a time there were different numbers in the same equation. And there were whole and fractional, large and unambiguous among them. They had never met so closely before, which is why they started dating:
Hello. I am the One.
Good afternoon. I am Twenty-Two.
And I am Two Thirds.
So they introduced themselves, got to know each other, and one figure stood on the sidelines and did not name itself. Everyone asked her, pried her, but to all the questions the figure said:
Hard to say!
We were offended by such a statement of the number and went to the most respected Sign of Equality. And he answered:
Don't worry, the time will come and you will definitely find out what this number is. Take your time, let this number remain unknown for now. Let's call it X.
Everyone agreed with fair Equality, but still decided to stay away from X and went over the equal sign. When all the numbers were lined up, they began to multiply, divide, add up and subtract. When all the actions were performed, it turned out that the unknown X had become known and was equal to only one number.
This is how the mystery of the mysterious X was revealed. Can you solve mathematical riddles?
Fifth Grade Number Stories
In the fifth grade, children become more and more familiar with arithmetic and methods of calculus. More serious riddles are suitable for them. At this age, it is good to introduce children to their own storytelling about the things that they have already learned. Consider what a mathematical fairy tale should be (grade 5).
Scandal
Different figures lived in the same kingdom of Geometry. And they existed quite peacefully, complementing and supporting each other. Queen Axiom kept order, and Theorems were her assistants. But one day the Axiom got sick, and the figures took advantage of it. They began to find out which of them is more important. The Theorems intervened in the dispute, but they could no longer contain the general panic.
As a result of the chaos in the kingdom of Geometry, people started to get into big trouble. All the railways stopped working because they converged, the houses skewed, because the rectangles were replaced by octahedrons and dodecahedrons. The machines stopped, the machines went out of order. The whole world seemed to go awry.
Seeing all this, Axiom grabbed her head. She ordered all Theorems to line up and follow each other in a logical order. After that, all the Theorems had to collect all their subordinate figures and explain to each of its great purpose in the human world. Thus, order was restored in the land of Geometry.
The Tale of the Point
There are completely different mathematical tales. Numbers and numbers, fractions and equalities appear in them. But most of all, fifth graders love stories about those things that they are just starting to get acquainted with. Many students do not understand the importance of simple, elementary things, without which the whole world of mathematics would collapse. Such a mathematical tale (grade 5) is called upon to explain to them the importance of this or that sign.
Little Dot felt very lonely in the realm of Mathematics. She was so tiny that she was constantly forgotten, put anywhere and completely disrespected. Either it’s straightforward! It is large and long. It is visible, and no one will forget to draw it.
And the Point conceived to escape from the kingdom, because because of it there are always some problems. The student will grab a deuce, because he forgot to put a point, or something else. She felt the dissatisfaction of others and she herself was worried about it.
But where to run? The kingdom is large, but the choice is not great. And then the Straight Line came to the aid of the Point and said:
Period, run over me. I’m infinite, so you’ll run out of the kingdom.
The point did just that. And as soon as she set off, chaos ensued in Mathematics. The numbers became agitated, huddled together, because now there was no one to determine their place on the digital beam. And the rays began to dissolve before our eyes, because they did not have a Point that would limit them and turn them into segments. The numbers have ceased to multiply, because now the multiplication sign has been replaced by an oblique cross, but what to take from it? He's oblique.
All the inhabitants of the kingdom became agitated and began to ask the Point to return. And she, know to herself, rolls like a bun, along an endless straight line. But she heard the requests of her compatriots and decided to return. Since then, the Point not only has its place in space, but is very respected and revered, and even has its own definition.
What fairy tales can you read to the sixth grade?
In the sixth grade, children already know and understand a lot. These are already grown-up guys who are unlikely to be interested in primitive stories. For them, you can pick up something more serious, for example, math problems, fairy tales. Here are several options.
How the coordinate line was formed
This story is about how to remember and understand what numbers with negative and positive meanings are. A mathematical fairy tale (grade 6) will help you understand this topic.
A lonely Plusik walked and wandered the earth. And he had no friends. So he wandered through the forest for a long, long time, until he met Straight. She was awkward, and no one wanted to communicate with her. Then Plusik invited her to walk together. Straight was delighted and agreed. For this she invited Plusiku to sit on her long shoulders.
Friends went further and wandered into a dark forest. For a long time they wandered along narrow paths until they came to a clearing where the house stood. They knocked on the door and opened Minus for them, who was also lonely and did not make friends with anyone. Then he joined Direct and Plus, and they went on together.
They went out to the city of Numbers, where only numbers lived. We saw the numbers Plus and Minus and immediately wanted to make friends with them. And they began to grab one or the other.
The king of the kingdom of Zero came out to the noise. He ordered everyone to line up along a straight line, and he himself stood in the middle. Everyone who wanted to be with a plus had to stand at the same distance from each other on the right side of the king, and those with a minus - the same, but to the left, in ascending order. This is how the coordinate line was formed.
Mystery
Mathematical fairy tales topics can cover all the questions covered. Here is one good puzzle to help you generalize your knowledge of geometry.
Once all the quadrangles got together and decided that it was necessary to choose the most important one among them. But how to do that? We decided to conduct a test. Whoever gets from the clearing to the kingdom of Mathematics first will become the main one. On that and agreed.
At dawn, all the quadrangles left the clearing. They walk, and a fast river crosses their road. She says:
Not everyone will be able to pass through me. Only those of you will get over to the other side, for whom the diagonals at the intersection point are divided in half.
Only those whose diagonals are equal will be able to conquer my peak.
Again, the losing quadrangles remained at the foot, and the rest went on. Suddenly - a cliff with a narrow bridge over which only one can pass, the one whose diagonals intersect at right angles.
Here are the questions for you:
Who became the main quadrangle?
Who was the main competitor and made it to the bridge?
Who was the first to leave the competition?
Isosceles triangle riddle
Mathematical fairy tales in mathematics can be very entertaining and in their essence contain hidden questions.
In one state lived the family of the Triangle: mother-side, father-side and son-foundation. It's time for the son to choose his bride.
And the Foundation was very humble and cowardly. He was afraid of everything new, but there was nothing to do, he needed to get married. Then his mother and father found him a good bride - Mediana from a neighboring kingdom. But Mediana had a terribly disgusting nanny who gave our groom a whole test.
Help the unlucky Foundation to solve the difficult questions of Babysitting Geometry and marry Median. Here are the questions themselves:
Tell us which triangle is called isosceles.
What is the difference between an isosceles triangle and an equilateral one?
Who is Mediana and what is its peculiarity?
The puzzle of proportions
On one side, not far from the kingdom of Arithmetic, lived four dwarfs. They were called Here, There, Where and How. Each New Year, one of them brought a small Christmas tree one meter high. They decorated her with 62 balls, one icicle and one star. But one day they all decided to go for the tree together. And they chose the most beautiful and tallest. They brought home, but it turned out that there were not enough decorations. We measured the tree, and it turned out to be six times larger than the usual one.
Calculate with the help of proportion how many jewelry the gnomes need to buy.
Hero of the planet Violet
As a result of the research, it was discovered that they live on the planet Violet. It was decided to send an expedition there. The team included a poor student Kolya. It so happened that only he managed to get to the planet. There is nothing to do, you need to carry out an important task from the Earth.
As it turned out, all the inhabitants of the planet lived in round houses, because the population did not know how to calculate the area of rectangles. The Earthlings decided to help them, and Kolya had to do it.
But the boy did not know geometry well. He did not want to study, he always copied his homework. There is nothing to do, you need to figure out how to teach the inhabitants of Violet to find the required area. With great difficulty, Kolya remembered that one square with a side of 1 cm has an area of 1 sq. cm, and a square with a side of 1 m - 1 sq. m. and so on. Reasoning this way, Kolya drew a rectangle and divided it into squares of 1 cm. There were 12 of them in it, 4 on one side and three on the other.
Then Kolya drew another rectangle, but with 30 squares. Of these, 10 were placed along one side, 3 along the other.
Help Kolya calculate the area of the rectangles. Write down the formula.
Can you compose your own math fairy tales or problems?
Mathematics is interesting.
Fairy tales for preschool children 5 - 7 years old.
Work description: The author's tales were compiled and illustrated by children and parents of the preparatory group for school. The content of fairy tales of a mathematical nature. This material can be used by educators as well as parents. This material can be used in joint activities with children and as part of direct educational activities.
"Forest History"
In a certain kingdom, a mathematical state, there lived a family of bunnies. They all looked alike, but their names were different. Different and unusual. Dad's name was "One", he was the tallest, mom - "Two", she was a little shorter than dad, and their kids were called: "Three", "Four" and "Five". Three was the oldest, and he tried to help his parents in everything. Four - was average: below Three and above Five, he often looked after his younger brother. And Five was very small and did not know how to do anything.
The Zaichik family lived in a small house, on the forest edge, in the shade of three tall oak trees, a stream flowed nearby, over which two willows were leaning.
The hares grew up quickly and in their small house there was no longer enough space for the whole family. The Hares decided to build themselves a new big house, so that it would have two floors: one floor for the big Bunnies, and one for the little ones.
They decided to build from birch branches, and the path to the birch grove was short: walk along a narrow bridge over a brook, turn left - and you are there! The whole hare family came to the grove. Dad gathered the largest armful of ten thick branches, Mom - Hare - a little smaller -
nine branches, her branches were thinner, but also strong. The eldest son scored more branches than all his brothers, the middle one more than the youngest, and the youngest a little, but the branches were thin and flexible.
The hares began to return to the edge along the same short road, but along the narrow bridge, but that's the problem! With wide armfuls you can't walk along the narrow bridge!
The bunnies are sad. The Crow was sitting high on a tree. She said: "Do not be sad, bunnies, there is another road, it is a little longer, but wider and it will be more convenient for you to walk along it." And she also called five strong cubs to help the rabbits.
All of them together easily got to the edge. Then a new big house was built cheerfully and amicably. Guests came to their housewarming party: ten squirrels, six foxes and five friendly bear cubs.
"The Tale of the Three Princesses"
In a distant kingdom lived a king with three daughters. They loved to solve puzzles and solve riddles in the evenings. For each correct answer, the princesses received a gift. The eldest princess loved to receive gifts of gold, the middle princess from diamonds, and the youngest loved flowers and animals.
One evening the king said, “I have brought many different gifts from distant lands. Who of my daughters will correctly solve the problems - he will receive gifts.
Problem number! - For the eldest princess: pick 5 yellow apples from one apple tree, and 5 red apples from the other. How many apples have you picked?
Problem number 2 - For the middle princess: there are 6 rings with diamonds in your casket. I brought you 2 more rings. How many rings will you have in total?
Problem number 3 - For the youngest princess: you had 9 kittens, and 2 ran away. How many kittens are left? "
All the princesses solved their problems correctly, and the king presented the eldest princess with a golden chest, the middle princess with 2 rings with diamonds, and the youngest princess with a cheerful puppy.
Here's a fairy tale for you, and I have a crinkle of butter.
"About 0 and 1"
Lived in the city of Mathematicians numbers and numbers. They always argued over who is more important and older, they even came up with unusual signs for themselves "<», «>», «+», «=», «-».
Among them lived one and a zero.
They really wanted to go to school, but they were not accepted, since they were small.
Friends thought, thought and came up with the idea that they need to stick together.
And the number 10 turned out from them.
They became larger in number, and they were taken to school.
Everyone in the city began to respect them. This is how the numbers 1 and 0 began to live together, or the number 10. And the other numbers looked at their friendship and also began to live more amicably.
This is how numbers over 10 appeared.
"A Tale of Two Assessments"
In a certain kingdom, in a distant state, in the country of School Lessons, two numbers lived - were not grieving next to each other: two and five.
Their friendship did not take them in any way, an eternal dispute between them stood: which of them is more important?
A five said that it is more important and smarter than a two, that only good knowledge can be obtained, and two knowledge is not needed for an assessment.
A deuce in response to her, that without her, too, it is impossible, then there will be no striving for excellence in study. That it gives impetus to the further pursuit of knowledge.
There was no end to their argument. And you, for what grade?
Here you will live and live, make money, and avoid dashing. Then perhaps their dispute will be resolved.
"Christmas story"
One New Year's Eve, this story happened in our family. Everyone began to prepare for the holiday. Dad, mom, grandmother, grandfather, sister Veronica and me, Semyon.
Our family is big, and you managed to count us? Dad brought a big, fluffy, green tree. And on it we noticed an unusual envelope. What would that mean, we all thought. Opening the envelope, we realized that this is a message from distant Lapland, where Santa Claus lives. This letter was with assignments. Santa Claus asked to decorate the tree so that grandmother hung three cones on the tree, grandfather - five balls, mother decorated the tree with two firecrackers, and Veronica hung four candies, and I hung one garland. And you managed to count how many toys had to be hung on the tree. And we put a five-pointed star on top of our head. Who knows how many ends a star has? And when the New Year came and we woke up. We saw gifts from Santa Claus under the tree, which means that we correctly fulfilled his request.
Grandpa got a watch, grandmother got a shawl, mom got perfume, dad got a fishing rod, Veronica got a doll, and me, Semyon, got rollers.
Did you manage to count how many gifts Santa Claus brought us?
"About Cinderella"
In one fairy kingdom there lived a girl named Cinderella. She was an orphan, raised by her stepmother, and she had two daughters. The daughters were very lazy, and Cinderella had to do all the housework. One fine day, the King invited everyone to a ball. But Cinderella's stepmother did not allow her to go to the ball. She ordered Cinderella to solve all the problems for her return, to solve all the problems that her daughter did not solve:
The room has 4 corners. There was a cat in every corner. On the contrary, each cat has 3 cats. How many cats are there in the room?
How to bring water in a sieve?
What kind of dish can you not eat anything from?
Also, Cinderella had to wash the dishes: 5 spoons and 5 cups and 5 plates. How many washed dishes did you get? When the stepmother returned home with her daughters. Cinderella quickly coped with the task of her stepmother and sat down to needlework.
Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution "Kindergarten No. 23"
CARD ROOM OF MATHEMATICAL FAIRY TALES
For older preschool children
Group No. 8
# 1 Guess It Yourself!
№ 2 Help Dunno find the way.
No. 3 Zhenya's game.
# 4 How Top Learned Mathematics.
№ 5 Unusual adventures in the city of mathematical riddles.
№ 6 Visiting a gnome-watchmaker, or a story about how not to be late for school.
№ 7 The first story about the wire.
№ 8 The second story about the wire.
№ 9 The third story about the wire.
№ 10 The fourth story about the procrastination.
№ 11 The fifth story about the wire.
# 1 GUESS YOURSELF!
Target: Formation of elementary mathematical concepts.
Tasks: Develop a general understanding of the set; With Improve the skills of quantitative and ordinal counting within 10; to consolidate the understanding of the relationship between natural numbers; give children a basic understanding of time.
The parrot Kesha lived in the living corner of the kindergarten; one of his parents brought him from hot countries. The parrot was good and the children did not leave him. They examined his multi-colored feathers, cleaned the cage, fed and watered.
But the most interesting thing was that the parrot was a speaker. Once the children asked: "What is your name?" And he answered them "Guess yourself!"
The kids were just delighted. One by one the questions rained down: “How old are you? Where did you live before? What do you like to eat? Do you want sunflower seeds? " But the parrot only answered, "Guess yourself!"
So a very funny and interesting game began in the kindergarten, in which everyone, both adults and children, took part. It consisted in coming up with a question or problem for the parrot. The parrot listened and, as always, shouted "Guess yourself!" Then all the children began to look for the correct answer to the question.
Adults who enjoyed playing this game often said to those who found a solution: "Well done!"
Once, when one of the kids happily shouted an answer, the parrot said, "Well done!" At first, everyone did not believe what they heard, but the parrot once again clearly repeated: "Well done!" The children clapped their hands in delight: "Kesha has learned to speak a new word!" The game has become even more interesting. The children tried to answer correctly, because they really liked it when the parrot told them "Well done!"
The questions that the guys came up with became more and more difficult, because it was more interesting that way.
Most often, the questions were asked at home, and the whole family was involved. And in the morning they gathered near the cage, and the game began.
“The hunter was walking through the forest. Suddenly, he saw a stump, from behind which protruded six bunny ears. Guess how many hares hid behind a hemp? "“Six,” one of the children shouted. “And this is not six,” Vovka smiled slyly, it was he who came up with the question. "Guess yourself!" - shouted the parrot.
So how many hares are there for a hemp?Think and you guys.
A few minutes later, several kids guessed at once: “There were three birds with one stone! After all, each hare has two ears, and there were only six ears. " The parrot was already shouting "Well done!"
Maria Vasilievna, the teacher, said: "The question can still be drawn on paper."
Some children who did not understand why the three hares took a pencil and paper and drew six hare ears sticking out from behind a hemp. And it became clear that: there is no hare with one ear!
The next day, little Sonya came up with a riddle:“The children returned from skiing, stuck 10 sticks into the snow, took off their skis and went to kindergarten, Anna Petrovna looked out of the window and said:“ I know how many people need to set the table. ”How did she guess how many people came from the walk? The guys immediately asked for a pencil and paper to sketch the question.
# 2 HELP UNKNOWN TO FIND THE ROAD
Target: consolidation of orientation skills on a sheet of paper.
Once Dunno, Samodelkin, Pencil and Thumbelina decided to go camping on
Blue Lake. Pencil and Thumbelina took their backpacks with them, and Samodelkin also grabbed a fishing rod. They only waited for Dunno. And so he appeared: with a large suitcase in one hand and a pillow in the other. Seeing him, the friends laughed: “Dunno, is that how they go camping? You must first go to the sports store for a backpack. And also buy a pot to cook porridge. " But he was at a loss: it turns out that he did not know how to find a sporting goods store. Thumbelina began to explain: “From here you go straight, turn right at the flower shop, walk a little more, cross the square and between the shoe shop and the bakery you will see a sporting goods store.” “Just don’t leave without me. I'm fast, ”said Dunno and skipping along the road ran along the road.
But, having reached the flower shop, he stopped: “Thumbelina said that we must go to the right. But how to go to the right, which of the roads? "
To help Dunno, draw a house on a piece of paper (this will be a flower shop) and two paths from it: to the left and to the right. Use the arrow to show which path Dunno should go so as not to make a mistake. How would you explain
Dunno, what is "right" and "left"?
Kind people explained to Dunno how to go from the flower shop to the right, and he safely reached the square, crossed it and found himself in front of three houses standing in a row. Each of them had shops. But Dunno did not know how to read yet and therefore asked the children who were playing nearby: "Tell me, please, in which of these houses is the sports store?" The kids were happy to help Dunno. They stood facing the shops and began to reason. “The sports store is to the left of the shoe shop,” the girl said. “No, he’s to the right of the bakery,” objected the boy.
Dunno was confused: “Probably, you are both wrong. Thumbelina said that the sports store is between the shoe shop and the bakery! "
So who's right? To answer this question, draw three houses in a row on a piece of paper: a bakery, a sporting goods store, and a shoe shop.
How would you explain to Dunno where the sports store is? (Right though-
all went to sleep. If you face the shops, then the sports store will really be to the left of the shoe shop or to the right of the bakery, and you can also say - between the bakery and the shoe shop.)
Dunno entered a sports store, and his eyes fled: on the top shelf there were various bowlers, on the middle one there were backpacks, and on the bottom one there were balls, rackets, volleyball nets and other interesting things.
The backpacks were the same color but differed in the number of pockets. One of them, which had more pockets than all the others, really liked
Dunno. How do you explain to the seller what kind of backpack he wants to buy? But it was not in vain that they explained to Dunno what is “left” and what is “right”. “Please give me that backpack. He lies third from the right or second from the left, ”Dunno turned to the seller. And I got a backpack with many, many pockets.
Guys, you guessed how many backpacks there were? Draw circles in a row (these are backpacks) and mark the one that Dunno has chosen with a cross.
Having bought a backpack and a bowler hat, Dunno quickly returned to his friends. Our tourists formed a column one after another: in front of Samodelkin, behind him Thumbelina, behind
Thumbelina Dunno, the last one is a Pencil.
Before setting off, Samodelkin said: “We have to get to a large clearing. There are two roads from the meadow: one to the right, the other to the left. We will go to the right to the forester's house ”. Samodelkin specifically told in such detail the route of the hike to the first halt: suddenly someone lags behind, and knowing where to go, he will be able to catch up with his friends.
You remember how your friends walked! Who went first! Who will be the last! Who agrees
Samodelkin? Who is in front of the Pencil! Draw how our friends go
The travelers walked through the forest. The weather was great. On the way, they encountered many berries and mushrooms. Friends gathered mushrooms and feasted on raspberries. Dunno went into a dense raspberry grove, where the berries were apparently invisible, and could not tear himself away from the large, juicy berries. While Dunno was collecting raspberries, the friends went far ahead. Dunno rushed to catch up with them: "It's good that Samodelkin told how to go!"
Having reached a large clearing and not seeing his comrades there, Dunno hastened to turn onto the path that should lead to the forester's house. He ran very quickly, trying to catch up as quickly as possible, but the path ahead was still empty. "How quickly they went ahead!" - thought Dunno. And suddenly he saw that the road runs into ... a huge swamp. "And where is the forester's house ?!" - cried Dunno in despair.
Why do you think Dunno did not get to the forester's house?
Dunno sat down on a tree stump and cried: “What to do now? How will I find my way? " After a little rest, he decided to return to the large clearing. While our hero walked back, he kept thinking why he had not found friends. “After all, Samodelkin said that you have to go to the right from the big glade! - he guessed. - And I went where my legs were carrying. I guess I went to the left. " But here is a large clearing. Pencil and Thumbelina were standing in the clearing. Dunno was so happy to see them that he began to jump and tumble. But Thumbelina said sternly: "All your troubles are because you do not listen and do not know where to go." - “Thumbelina, I already understood everything myself! I was just in a hurry and did not think where to go, - explained Dunno. - And now I can tell how I had to go. " Dunno stood in the middle of the clearing, facing two diverging roads and said confidently: "We need threads along this road!"
Guys, draw a clearing and two roads: one goes to the right of the clearing, the other to the left. Use the arrow to show which road our heroes should take to the forester's house.
The friends set off and soon found themselves at the forester's house. Samodelkin was waiting for them and happily hurried to meet them: “Dinner is already ready. Now we will eat - and again on the road! "
From the forester's house we walked along a scenic road. Birds sang all around. Their ringing chirping made everyone happy. The travelers' attention was attracted by a huge spreading oak tree. “What a beautiful and big tree! - exclaimed Thumbelina.
If it rains, you can hide under it, like in a house! " Everyone looked at the giant with interest: "And how many birds are sitting on its branches!" On the branches of the oak there really were different birds: on the topmost - a crow, below - a magpie, a titmouse perched below a magpie, and a woodpecker below a titmouse.
Take a pencil and paper and try to draw a tree with a crow, magpie, titmouse and woodpecker sitting on it. Now answer: who sits above the woodpecker?
Who sits between the magpie and the woodpecker? Who sits below the crow? Who is shorter than a tit?
After admiring the birds, the friends went on. Soon their path was blocked by a river, through which it was possible to cross over the bridge. Dunno did not wait for his companions, immediately ran to the other side. All the others stayed in place because
Samodelkin began to explain how to go further in order to get to the Blue Lake:
"To the left of the bridge along the river there should be a narrow path that will lead to the lake." Samodelkin, Thumbelina and Pencil set off. Looking around, they saw that Dunno, who was on the opposite bank, ran in a completely different direction.
“Dunno! Dunno! Where are you going? You messed everything up again! " - shouted friends.
“I didn’t confuse anything,” Dunno explained. “I stood facing the river, just like you, and went to the left of the bridge along the river. You, Samodelkin, yourself said that you have to go like this. ”-“ But you were standing on the other side, opposite us. So, where did you have to go - to the left or to the right of the bridge? " Samodelkin asked. Dunno thought about it.
He couldn't find the right answer.
Let's help Dunno. Draw a river, a bridge across the river, three figures in front of the bridge (these will be Samodelkin, Thumbelina and Pencil). They are facing the river, and Samodelkin explains that one must go from the bridge to the left along the river. Show with an arrow how they will go. On the other bank, draw Dunno, also standing facing the river. Explain how he needs to go - to the left of the bridge or to the right to get to Blue Lake with friends. Show with an arrow how he should go along the other side of the river.
"I understand! I understand! - cried Dunno - Let's go! " He went all the same along the other bank along the river, but ... to the right of the bridge. The river was not wide, and therefore friends could easily talk. “How interesting it turns out,” Dunno reasoned,
It turns out that it is so important to know where to the left and where to turn to the right. If you don't know this, you can come to a completely different place. Now I understand everything and I will always be attentive, I will never get confused! "
During their conversations, our travelers did not notice how they reached their goal: the river flowed into a huge lake, which sparkled and glittered in the sun, and was really blue-blue. "Hooray! We are on the Blue Lake! " - Our travelers shouted in unison and, throwing off their backpacks, ran to the water.
# 3 WOMAN'S GAMES
Target: to consolidate the concept of measurement, to teach children to measure the length, weight and volume of a liquid using a measurement. Development of attention, memory, thinking.
Once upon a time there was a boy named Zhenya. Most of all he loved when they played with him and studied, especially when dad did it. Dad always came up with something interesting. Once he brought a book and showed his son a picture on which a giraffe and a goat were drawn: the giraffe is eating leaves from the tree, and the goat is standing nearby and looking up. When Zhenya was looking at the picture, dad asked: "Do you think the goat wants to taste the tender green leaves?" “Of course I want to,” Zhenya replied, “I even really want to. The picture shows how he looks at the leaves. "-" Why not pinch the leaves? " Dad asked again. “He won't get it! The giraffe is so tall, so it gets everything, but can the goat reach it? ”Zhenya regretted him.
In the evening of the same day, dad started a new game: “I will hide the candy, and you have to find and get it. If you manage to do it three times in a row, it is yours. " Zhenya gladly agreed. The first time dad hid the candy so that Zhenya immediately saw it and immediately took it out. The second time he had to search a little. But for the third time, dad hid the candy so that he could not find it. First, Zhenya examined all the window sills and shelves, then examined the sofa and armchairs, the table, and even looked under the closet. The candy was nowhere to be found. Dad smiled slyly, and the boy thought, wondered where else to look, but all efforts were in vain. Finally Zhenya got tired, sat down on the sofa and, looking up to the ceiling, on the closet, at the very edge, saw a piece of candy. "Hooray!" he shouted and ran to the closet to get her. At first, the boy stood on his tiptoes, but did not reach the candy, then he began to jump - again nothing came of it. He put his little chair to the closet and tried to reach out again - he didn't get it. Zhenya was upset. “I'm like that poor goat in the picture: I want to get some candy and I can't,” he said sadly. “Don't give up, think about how you can get it,” the dad encouraged his son. “I need to get taller, but for this you need ... - Zhenya thought. - That's what you need!” He pulled a large chair over to the closet, stood on it and easily took out the candy. Dad praised his son: “Well done! I guessed it!
The candy is yours. "
Zhenya, who had not yet had time to get off his chair, shouted joyfully: "Look, here I am, how tall I am, like dad!" - “You’re standing on a chair! And you get down and again you will be lower than dad and even lower than me, ”he replied. Vovka's last words provoked Zhenya. He jumped off the chair and began to measure the height with a friend, asking dad to see who was taller.
Vovka turned out to be slightly shorter than Zhenya. He was even a little upset, but dad whispered something to him and led the boys to the mirror, placing them side by side: "Look for yourself, which of you is higher!" To Zhenya's great amazement, Vovka turned out to be taller than him. At first the boy was confused, but when he saw Vovka's slyly smiling face, he realized that something was wrong here. He looked down and saw that he was standing on a bench that dad had imperceptibly set up. "It's not fair! - Zhenya was indignant. - We must stand the same! " - "Well done! - praised his son's dad. - You must always measure from one line." The guys once again measured their height and saw for themselves that Vovka was shorter, but just a little ...
Dad often made something at home, and Zhenya always helped him: he brought and presented the necessary tools, performed simple operations. This time, the father decided to make a stool. She was almost ready, only one leg was missing. Noticing that his son was watching the work, dad asked him to bring the missing leg from the balcony.
The boy ran to the balcony and took a long time to choose a suitable one among the blanks. "Well, can I nail it?" Dad asked Zhenya when he brought a block for the fourth leg. “Of course, nail it. And the stool is ready. " Dad nailed the fourth leg and put down a stool. But the stool didn’t want to stand. She turned out to be ugly and somehow lame. The boy looked at his dad with surprise and did not understand anything: “What to do?
Why did it happen? "
Indeed, why did the stool turn out to be "lame"? What was Zhenya's mistake?
“Look carefully at the legs of the stool,” Dad suggested. Then Zhenya saw that one of the legs was clearly shorter than the others. So that's the thing! Probably, it was necessary to take a stool with you to the balcony and pick up a leg there.
Guys, how could you choose another block of the required length for the leg? Think with Zhenya!
Dad took the string, attached its end to the beginning of one of the nailed legs, and where the leg ends, he made a mark on the rope and cut it off: “You see, I measured how long the leg is. Now you can take this measuring string and bring in a piece of exactly that length. "
Zhenya ran to the balcony again to select a block according to the measure given by dad.
He applied a measuring string to different bars and finally found a suitable one.
While the boy was looking for the right block, dad beat off a short leg. “Well, come on a bar. I will nail it again. I hope you are not mistaken now! "
The stool is beautiful and stable. Zhenya sat down on her and said: “I really liked helping you. It's even more interesting than playing! "
Dinner time was approaching, and Zhenya and dad went into the kitchen to see what mom was doing. She had already cooked soup and was about to cook porridge. Water was boiling in a saucepan. “Let me help you,” Zhenya said. He took a bag of cereals from the table and was about to pour the cereals into the pan. "What are you doing? - Stopped his mother. - After all, first you need to measure how much cereal you need. " The boy was very surprised. And measure here! And my mother explained: "If you want to help me, pour two full glasses of cereal from the bag into a bowl, and I will pour the cereal into the pan." Together with dad, Zhenya dumped the cereal.
Guys, you know how to measure the right amount of cereal! Try it with your mom or dad.
Several days passed. One evening dad came up with a new game - "pilots". He was the commander of one crew, and Zhenya was the commander of another. Both crews have a long flight ahead of them. Zhenya's plane flew to Sakhalin Island, and daddy's to
Khabarovsk.
First, both commanders figured out how far to fly. They took out a map, found
Sakhalin, then found the city of Khabarovsk; it turned out that to fly further to Sakhalin.
Then preparations began for the flight. Absolutely everything had to be foreseen, since the flight was non-stop. The pilots carefully studied the route. We checked the equipment on the plane, checked if there was a supply of food and water. Everything was OK.
Now the most important thing was to be done: to control the aircraft refueling. Both commanders went to the gas station, where the fuel tanks were parked. But it turned out that the mechanic in charge of refueling planes suddenly fell ill. Leaving home, he showed two tanks, which were intended for two planes, and said that one had more fuel, and the other had less.
Both commanders immediately understood why there was more fuel in one of the tanks.
You guys have guessed why! Which crew will need more fuel!
Zhenya began to reason out loud: “If you go further to Sakhalin, then you need more fuel. After all, the flight is non-stop, you cannot refuel in the air. This means that it is very important to choose the tank with more fuel. If we mix up the tanks and I come across one with less fuel, then I will not reach the goal. " Dad supported his son: “Yes, you can't make a mistake! You need to know exactly which one is more. "
The tanks in the game were opaque cans, and instead of fuel, of course, water was poured.
"How to be? Until we find out where there is more and where there is less fuel, we cannot fly. But how do you know? After all, you can't see where there is more, ”Zhenya continued to ponder.
Dad also pretended to be thinking hard, looking for a solution.
Think, too, you guys, how to find out which tank has more fuel.
While Zhenya and dad were looking for a way out of this situation, mom returned. She undressed, washed her hands and went to the kitchen. And then it dawned on Zhenya. He remembered how he measured the groats a few days ago, and shouted joyfully: “I made it up! We need to try it on! "
Dad was also delighted: “Well done! Of course, you must first measure the fuel in one tank, then in another, and it will be immediately clear. " We agreed to measure with a mug, and in order not to lose count, we decided to put aside the buttons. Zhenya put down white buttons, measuring fuel in one tank, dad - black buttons, measuring fuel in another tank. Each time a mug was poured from a cistern into a large tank, one button was put aside.
Having finished measuring, Zhenya and Dad counted their buttons. The boy had
7 buttons, and dad had 8. So, in one tank there were 8 mugs, and in the other - 7. What kind of tank was intended for the plane flying to Sakhalin? “Well, it's really quite simple,” said Zhenya, he quickly solved the problem.
You guys can answer this question!
So, Zhenya chose a tank with 8 mugs, because eight is more than seven: "Now I can safely go flying!"
The pilots refueled the planes and flew safely to the target.
"Commanders, have supper!" Mom called from the kitchen.
At the table there was only talk about the game. “You know, mommy,” the boy said, “if I hadn’t learned to measure rump then, I would never have guessed today and the game would not have worked out.”
On Saturday mom, dad and Zhenya went for a walk. On the way, they looked into a furniture store and saw a bookcase that they had been planning to buy for a long time. The closet was large, all the books would fit. Zhenya has already imagined how the wardrobe would be in the room, and even chose which shelf his books would be on. But then he noticed that the parents were arguing about something. Mom wanted to write out the closet right away and arrange delivery, and dad doubted whether the closet would fit in the place where they wanted to put it, and suggested looking for a smaller closet. Zhenya listened, listened to them, and then said:
“What are you arguing about? You have to try it on! "
At home, Zhenya found a long rope and, together with his dad, measured the partition between the two windows, where they were going to put the wardrobe. The extra piece of rope was cut off.
It turned out to be a convenient measure with which you could go to the store and measure the width of the cabinet. After lunch, everyone went to the store again. The boy ran to the closet first and attached a measuring rope to it: “Hurray! Just like that! " Dad and mom, who came up, checked again and made sure that Zhenya was right.
The next day, the closet was in the room in the chosen place, and Zhenya helped dad arrange the books ...
Now Zhenya is already attending school. He knows how to solve the most difficult problems, but often recalls his games, which taught him a lot.
# 4 HOW TOP LEARNED MATH
Target: fixing the ordinal count, number series within 10; orientation on a sheet of paper; learn to answer the question "How much?"
Do you guys know what Children's World is? Many will immediately say: "Children's world"
The largest toy store in Moscow. " But does any of you know this is a magic store? A miracle clock hangs in its central hall. Every hour, wonderful music is given, various toy animals appear in the open painted doors and dance to the chime of the clock. Everyone can see it.
But nobody sees what happens at night in the magic shop. I know, because my friend told me about it. Who is a friend, you ask? Oh, this is a very smart and good math teddy bear Top. He used to live in Children's World, and now he lives with
Every evening, when the voices of children and adults die down, the lights go out and the doors are closed, in the big hall, in the very one where the clock hangs, a fairytale life begins. Dolls, nesting dolls, gnomes, animals stop pretending that they cannot walk and talk, and this is where the most interesting thing happens.
And then one day my Top came to visit Buratino, and he laughs, cannot stop.
What's the matter? Top asked him. But Pinocchio is not appeased:
Well, buyers made me laugh today. Just hilarious. Take a look: there are toys on the top shelf.
I see, - says Top.
So what do you see?
I see a car, a large doll in a red dress, a bucket with a scoop, a horse, a little doll and a hedgehog.
So that you guys understand what Pinocchio was laughing at, take a piece of paper and draw these toys in a row as they stood on the top shelf.
Everything is correct, "continued Buratino." Today a mother and her daughter are coming up to us. The girl has a small stroller in her hands. The daughter says: "Mommy, please buy me a doll" that second one. I will put her in a stroller and roll her. "
“No,” says my mother, “you shouldn't buy a second, let's better buy a fifth. The second will not fit in your stroller, the stroller is small for such a large doll. ”-“ What are you, mommy, ”my daughter replies, just the fifth doll is so big that it will crush my stroller, and the second doll is just the most suitable.
For a long time they explained themselves like that, they could not understand each other in any way. Mom's voice was getting harder, her daughter had tears in her eyes, and they were about to pour in streams.
Why do you think they were arguing? - Buratino mysteriously looked at Top.
Top shrugged.
Perhaps the daughter was capricious?
Not at all. It's just that from the very beginning, mom and daughter did not say who was counting from which side. I could hardly restrain myself not to interfere with the conversation. Look! If you ask how many toys are on the shelf, what will you do?
I’ll count them, ”Top replied.
Count it up! Try to count from the left, from the car to the hedgehog. Well, how much?
Six toys.
Now count from right to left, from hedgehog to car.
Again six, - said Top. - So what?
So, when they ask "how much?", You just have to count the toys, and that's it.
And where do they need to be counted? - asked the bear.
Irrelevant. The result will be the same, because the quantity does not change wherever you start counting. You can put all these toys in a circle and start counting from any. The main thing is not to make a mistake when counting, not to miss a single toy, or accidentally not to count the same one twice. It is quite another matter if you are asked where the toy stands. First, we need to agree on where we will count from.
I understood: my daughter was counting to the right, from the hedgehog. In second place on the right is just a small doll, which she wanted to roll in her stroller, Top guessed.
If you guys look at your drawing, you will see that if you count to the left of the car, then in second place to the left is a large doll.She, of course, could not fit in a small stroller. Mom told her daughter about this.
Now you understand, Top, why mom and daughter could not agree? - asked
Pinocchio laughed again. - They talked about different dolls.
Even the serious Topu was amused.
They only had to explain where someone was counting, and they would immediately understand each other. Yes, a funny story.
A salesman from the toy department came to the rescue. She asked how the dolls that mother and daughter were arguing about were dressed. Then it became clear to everyone that they were talking about different dolls.
Mom laughed, realizing her mistake, and bought her daughter a little doll. The girl hugged her to her and also smiled. This is how the story ended.
It turns out that you can say differently about where the same doll is located? - Top concluded.
Certainly! Well, try it.
The large doll is in second place from the left or fifth from the right.
Well done! - praised his friend Pinocchio.
You guys, too, try, looking at your drawing, in different ways to tell where the same toy is. Even a riddle can be made about it, for example:
"What's in last place on the left and first on the right!" Of course, it's a hedgehog. Ask such riddles to each other. It will be interesting, you will not regret it. For a quick guess - one point.
Yes, you are smart, Buratino, - Top said. - How did you guess that it is necessary to say where you think from, so that there is no confusion?
Very simple. I went to school after all. Although sometimes people think about me that I was a bad student, and I learned a lot at school. Look what I have.
Pinocchio opened a large book. But instead of pages with pictures, as is the case in all children's books, there were pockets. Below is the largest pocket, which looks like an envelope. Buratino took out a card with numbers from the envelope and said to Top:
Put the numbers in the pockets, put things in order.
Guys, get out the numbers too, put them in order. The top is a very neat teddy bear; he puts every number in his pocket evenly. Here is the order, so the order!
“Now Buratino will praise me,” Top thinks. But it was not there.
What did you do? - Pinocchio even opened his mouth in surprise.
What you told me, you did, put things in order. See how neat it all turned out.
Well, you are a dense bear, Top! You only have to climb trees in the taiga. How did you arrange the numbers?
I put it right in the same way as they lay in a pile: first 1, then 3, 6, 8, then 4, 5, 9 and 10, then 7 and 2
In the first place, you put the unit correctly. But after one comes the number 2, then 3 - this is how these numbers should be put.
What difference does it make after which figure it stands? The main thing is to bet all the numbers, not to lose a single one.
Plus, look at Top's slender row. It is in vain that you, Pinocchio, are angry, - someone's voice rang out. It was Cipollino who decided to intercede for the diligent bear cub.
Another poor student was found, - Pinocchio began to get angry. - If you want to understand mathematics, then listen carefully. The numbers follow one after the other in strict order.
Why? Top and Cipollino asked in unison.
Because there is a secret of the number series, and. you need to know it, only then will you become a real mathematician.
Do you know her? Top asked in a whisper. Buratino nodded.
Please tell us the secret of the number series, we also want to become real mathematicians.
Okay, the more people and animals know this secret, the better. This is such a secret that cannot be kept; on the contrary, it must be told to everyone. So, the numbers in the number series always stand in a certain order, they seem to be built according to growth.
Top and Cipollino looked at each other:
Like this?
Like this. Bring the box of cubes. Now you will understand everything.
Cipollino ran to the department where the building kits for children were on sale, Top barely keeping up with him. After choosing the largest box and loading it onto a wheelbarrow, they brought the cubes to their teacher.
Well done! I see, in fact, you want to find out the secret of the number series. - Buratino took one cube. - Now we are going to build a ladder.
Guys, you also keep up with Top and Cipollino. Take the cubes and start building the ladder.
Here is the first step. How many cubes are in it?
One, - exemplary students answered in chorus. Pinocchio took another cube and placed it next to it:
We will build the second step.
The ladder should climb higher and higher, - Top said timidly.
Fair remark. It seems that you are already beginning to understand well, - Buratino played the role of teacher with pleasure. - Now the second step is equal to the first, the ladder does not work. What do we need to do to make the second rung higher than the first?
Add another cube to the second rung. The first will have one cube, the second - two cubes. - Cipollino tried very hard.
Right. How did we get the number two? One more cube was added to one cube, it turned out two cubes. The number two is greater than the number one by one. This means that it should also stand after him.
Next to the step of two cubes, Buratino put another step of two cubes.
We continue to build the ladder. Should the next rung be higher or lower?
Of course, higher, but yours is equal to the second. We need to add one more cube to the third step, - Top and Cipollino answered unanimously.
How much is the new, third, step higher than the second? - Pinocchio pointed to the ladder.
So ... It has three cubes. The third step is one cube higher than the second. This means that the number three is more than two by one and should be in the number row after it, - now
Top and Cipollino quickly found the right answer.
I see you understand how to build the ladder further. Each next step will be one cube higher, - Buratino was very pleased with his students.
Guys, try it and you build the ladder further. Each time, explain what number you get. For example: the number four is more than the number three by one, so it should come after three; the number five is more than four by one, so it should come after four. The last step will have ten cubes. You can build the ladder further, because there are a lot of numbers after ten. But you will find out about this later..
№ 5 UNUSUAL ADVENTURE IN THE CITY OF MATHEMATICAL RIDDLES
Target: consolidation of the composition of the number 10, ordinal count; development of imagination, memory, speech, spatial thinking.
This story happened a long time ago. Now her characters have grown up and become adults, serious people, and then they were children. Pavlik had just started school, and his sister went to kindergarten. The children were very friendly. They did at home together: they helped their mother, played, walked in the yard. Almost everywhere they were accompanied by a friend - a fluffy, white, with gray spots on the back of a puppy. If the children were not at home, he liked to climb into the basket and there he fell asleep, curled up in a ball. Then he became like a ball. Therefore, the children named him Sharik. When Pavlik and Yulia were returning home, Sharik met them at the door with a ringing joyful bark. But one day, approaching the house, the children did not hear the familiar barking, did not see the cute face and the merrily wagging tail. "Sharik, Sharik, where have you disappeared?" - called the children. The puppy was nowhere to be found. The brother and sister began to look for him. They examined the whole house, then ran out into the street. The ball disappeared without a trace.
In search of Sharik, the children ran to the park. It was quiet and deserted. The ball was not here either. Suddenly the guys noticed an old man sitting on a bench. He leafed through a book.
Please tell me, did a white fluffy puppy run through here? the children asked hopefully.
The old man smiled slyly:
Is your name Pavlik?
Yes, - the boy answered in surprise.
And you go to school 21, right? the old man continued mysteriously.
Pavlik was even more surprised.
I know everything about you: I know that you are a good, kind boy, I know that you study hard. I also know that, since you got Sharik, you abandoned this book. '' The old man showed the mathematics textbook.
Pavlik blushed and dropped his eyes. He suddenly fancied that the old man looked like a mathematics teacher from school. Pavlik's heart was beating so hard that it seemed that it was about to jump out of his chest.
I will tell you one secret, ”the old man said carefully looking at the boy.
Your Sharik was taken away by Deuce, who settled in your notebook.
What are we going to do now? - Yulia asked with tears in her eyes.
How to save Sharik? - Pavlik said, guiltily bowing his head.
This is not an easy task, - said the old man. - The deuce took your Sharik to the city
Mathematical Riddles. Only those who are friends with mathematics can free him.
Pavlik, you have always studied so well! Well, please, let's try! - Julia exclaimed with despair.
Pavlik was silent for a while, and then resolutely said:
Tell me how to get to this city. We'll go for Sharik!
You are brave guys, and I really like that. I'll tell you how to get to town
Mathematical Riddles.
Friendship, resourcefulness and ingenuity will help to find your friend. '' With these words, the old man disappeared. Only then did the children realize that this was not a simple old man, but a real magician.
Not a minute to waste! The children hurried home to get ready for the journey as soon as possible. On the way, they discussed what to take with them:
We must take the basket in which Sharik slept. Maybe he learns it and will come running to us.
The wizard said that resourcefulness and ingenuity would help us, - Pavlik remembered. - Let's take things with us that we can't do without on the road: a rope
Suddenly it will be necessary to tie something; a bucket - so that there is where to get water; a mug - there will be something to drink from ...
At home, they quickly collected a basket, in which Julia put another pencil, a handkerchief, sheets of paper, two apples and a bone for Sharik. Now it was possible to hit the road.
Guys! Go and you together with our heroes. They may need your help on the way. To better remember what the children put in the basket, draw all these objects and count them!
At first, the children went to familiar places. Then the path led them to a dense, dark forest.
Oh, how dense the forest has become! - Yulia whispered, looking around fearfully.
Don't be afraid of anything with me, ”Pavlik said for some reason very uncertainly.
Then the guys remembered the old man's words that they would help them along the way, friendship, they went boldly through the forest, and the forest seemed to make way for them. In order not to be so scared to walk, they came up with a song that they sang along the way:
Who will help us find Sharika?
He cannot go home himself!
We'll find! We really feel sorry for our friend.
Let ingenuity help us in this.
Sing this song together with our travelers, you guys.
For a long time the children wandered through the forest thicket. Finally they found themselves near a tall, beautiful gate. The gates were locked with two huge locks, and guards stood nearby.
Where did we end up? - the children asked the formidable guards.
You are standing at the gates of the magic city, - the guards answered importantly.
Have you seen our puppy Sharik, maybe he ran here? - asked
Pavlik.
Yes, - answered the guards, - he passed through this gate. It was led by Deuce.
So we'll find him here? - Julia was delighted.
Maybe you will. Only those who are friends with mathematics will be able to enter through these gates, - the guards answered.
Pavlik and Yulia exchanged glances:
Let us in, please. We must definitely save our friend.
To open these gates, - he continued. Senior Guard, - you must drop a few pebbles into each of the locks. The secret is that they will open only when there are exactly ten pebbles in both locks.
Pavlik and Yulia began to remember how to make the number ten out of two smaller numbers:
Two and eight.
Five and five ...
The children did not dare to put stones in the castles, because they were very afraid to make a mistake.
Maybe seven and three are better?
It turns out! Look!
The locks fell and the gates flew open.
Guys, do you think the gate would open if the children dropped 2 and 8 pebbles or 5 and 5? How else can you make the number 10?
Here you are in the city of Mathematical Riddles, - said the Senior Guard solemnly. - Do not be surprised at anything. You will meet mysteries and wonders here.
Many streets began from the gate. Pavlik and Yulia stopped indecisively.
Oh, eyes run wide! How many streets are there! - Julia exclaimed.
Do not hurry! - the Junior Guard warned her. - You, most likely, need the street of Two. It is there that the Deuce lives, who took your Sharik away. So, this street is located on the other side of the city. You have to cross the whole city to find the right street. This is not easy to do. Because on the way you will have the most unexpected encounters and difficulties.
We are not afraid of anything. We'll find Dvoik Street, whatever the cost. After all, it is my fault that Deuce took our Sharik away. Now I have to save my friend. '' Pavlik spoke so resolutely, ardently, and his words were so touching that tears appeared in the eyes of the guards and they really wanted to help the children.
You are brave guys. We wish you good luck! - said the Senior Guard.
Please tell me: which street you need to go to get to the street faster
Twos? the children asked.
The Senior Guard began to eagerly explain:
First you will find yourself on the street of "Seven Skyscrapers". This is my favorite street. There are 7 skyscrapers on it. There are 7 balconies on each floor of the skyscraper. The stairs in each of these houses have 7 steps. Fabulous flowers grow near the houses, and each flower
7 petals. Vocal birds live in 7 birdhouses. They sing their beautiful songs from morning till night.
The Senior Guard was happy to talk about his favorite street and smiled dreamily:
How interesting it is to see this amazing street, where there are only seven! You don't need to dwell on it, because you can easily forget where and why you are going.
Of course, you are right, - agreed Pavlik, - we must not waste time and forget about our friend. When I return home, I will draw this wonderful street.
Try it too, Dream up! Maybe you can figure out what else is on this
Then you have to go along Plusov Street, - continued the story of the Younger Guard. - The inhabitants of this street are busy with the fact that others are constantly added to some numbers. Everyone is so absorbed in their work that they don't have a minute of free time.
They are very happy when they get the right answer. But that's not all. One day a year is unusual for them. On this day, residents of Plusov Street do not add others to some numbers, as usual. They visit each other, dance and sing songs. But the most unusual miracles happen to those who come to them on this day. Then everything that is in the pockets, bags, briefcases and wallets of guests is doubled.
How does it double? - Julia asked in surprise.
Very simple. The same amount is added to the items that you have, - explained the Junior Guard.
This means that if I have two sweets in my pocket, then when I get to Plusov Street, the same amount will be added to my two sweets. And then there will be not two of them, but ... - Pavlik began to reason, but suddenly stopped, because he finally realized that miracles are really happening on this street, which he did not have to read even in the most magical tales. He was so excited that he could not figure out how many sweets he would then have in his pocket.
You guys know!
Julia loved fairy tales and believed in the most incredible miracles. Therefore, although she was surprised, she was not very surprised.
You will have four candies in your pocket, - she quickly realized. - That's great! And if I have half an apple, then ... then then ...
Help her with the answer, guys!
Then I will have a whole apple! - Julia finished happily, pleased with her correct answer.
Once on such a day, - continued the Junior Guard, - I found myself on this street with a chest containing 3 chain mail, 2 arrows, 4 spears, 5 shields and 10 helmets.
Imagine how heavy the chest has become!
Pavlik and Yulia began to calculate how much armor and weapons the poor Junior Guard had to carry.
Is Minusov Street also in your city? - asked the children, having finished with the calculations.
And of course there is, - answered the Middle Guard proudly.
And its inhabitants subtract others from some numbers? - Pavlik suggested.
This is what they do all day long, ”the Middle Guard confirmed.
Do you think they could subtract four from ten? the boy asked.
Certainly.
Then I have to go there immediately. Let them teach me how to subtract, because it was for this example that I received a deuce, which took our Sharik away.
If you walk down Minus Street, it will take you far from your target.
No, we can’t stay a minute longer! - Pavlik exclaimed.
Once you find yourself in the city of Mathematical Riddles, you must love mathematics and be able to reason, - the Middle Guard began instructively, - otherwise you will be in trouble.
You yourself will perish, and you will not save your friend. Practice. Take one off five. It is very easy.
Four, - the boy replied after thinking.
Now, subtract two from five.
Three, - Pavlik answered quickly.
Subtract three from five. Pavlik thought a little:
Two.
Yulia, who was attentively listening to the conversation between the guard and Pavlik, suddenly exclaimed joyfully:
I understood everything. In kindergarten we are taught to count to ten and back. To subtract correctly, you just need to remember how much to subtract. Now, when Pavlik subtracted three from five, I took the count back from five: four, three, two. And I got the same answer as Pavlik. Just so as not to forget how many I was counting back, I put the fallen leaves aside. '' She showed three leaves.
Well done, - the Guardian praised the girl, - you came up with a very good idea. Now it will not be difficult for you to solve examples and more difficult ones.
The guard named examples: subtract ten by one, subtract two from ten, subtract three from ten, subtract four from ten. Pavlik and Yulia answered him in unison and never made a mistake. Only when the last example was solved, Pavlik exclaimed:
Oh, this is the example for which I got a deuce. It turns out that if you think about it, it's not difficult at all.
Guys, tell me what answers Pavlik and Yulia got.
So you have overcome this difficult subtraction and, probably, realized that there is nothing complicated here, - the Senior Guard said to Pavlik. - Now it's time for you to go, you have a long way, and the sun is already going to set. I advise you not to wander in the dark in an unfamiliar city. Go straight, and from those who will meet on your way, ask how to get to Dvoik street.
The children said goodbye to the guards and stepped onto the street of Seven Skyscrapers. It was a truly extraordinary street. The travelers began to count. The guards were right: it turned out to be seven in total - there were 7 trees in each house,
7 magnificent flowers, there were 7 benches near the houses.
Suddenly, two teddy bears appeared on the road, dragging a huge log.
What a strange city. The bears walk the streets so calmly, - was surprised
There is nothing strange, - answered Pavlik, - this is a fabulous city, and in a fabulous city all kinds of miracles can happen. Where are you carrying such a heavy log? - he turned to the cubs.
The cubs stopped, laid their burden on the ground and sighed heavily:
We carry it not where, but from where.
We decided to make a swing. They found a spruce in the forest, blown down by a strong wind, cut down the extra branches. Now we are dragging, - the First began to tell sadly
Teddy bear.
We’ll drag it to him, but what about next? To get a swing, the log must be cut into two equal parts, continued the Second Bear Cub.
Don't you have a saw? - Pavlik was surprised.
We have a saw, - The bear cub was even angry at such a lack of understanding, - but how to saw it so that the parts are the same?
Yes, a difficult task, - Julia agreed.
After all, if approximately, by eye, the parts may not be the same, the swing will be curves.
This is what makes us sad. We drag, we drag and think ... - he began to lament again
First Bear.
If the log could be bent in half, then equal parts would easily turn out, - reasoned Pavlik.
We know this even without you. But the logs do not bend. Look, you’re smart, ”the Second Bear grumbled.
Wait, wait, don't swear. Let's think better together. Maybe we'll think of something, ”the boy stopped him.
Pavlik, Yulia and the cubs sat down on a log and began to think.
Guys, help our heroes divide the log into two equal parts.
They thought for so long that they even got hungry. Julia reached into the basket: there were apples hidden there - and suddenly laughed.
Oh-oh-oh, how slow-witted we are! - exclaimed the girl and sang a song:
Brown bear cubs
Don't go gloomy!
Would have guessed long ago
Yes, measured the log!
With these words, she took a string from the basket and handed it to the cubs.
They measured the log, then folded the rope in half.
So we got two equal parts, - said Yulia and pointed to the rope folded in half. Then she applied! halves of the rope to the log:
Here it is necessary to mark the middle, and then cut along this mark.
The cubs were delighted, they began to gallop and somersault merrily. But suddenly one of them stopped:
Of course, it was easy for you to guess: you have a string with you.
You can measure the log in a different way. I know how to do it! - Pavlik shouted delightedly.
Here it was Yulia's turn to be surprised:
How, then? I do not understand.
Very simple. A log can be measured in steps, ”he explained.
Well done! - exclaimed the sister and clapped her hands. Pavlik, Yulia and the cubs began to measure the log with their steps, but only interfered with each other.
No, this will not work, ”Pavlik stopped everyone. - Let's have one. Here you are, for example. '' He pointed to one teddy bear. He, very flattered by the confidence, set to work.
One step, two, three, four, five, six. - The bear walked, and everyone else counted aloud. - It turned out six steps. Now you need to halve six steps.
It will be...
You guys, of course, guessed how many steps there will be in each of the parts.
Little Bear guessed too: he measured out 3 steps and made a mark on the log. Then I measured the rest of the log - it turned out exactly 3 steps. This means that you can safely cut the log - you get two equal parts.
The cubs were grateful to the children for their help and invited them to visit in order to treat them to the most delicious honey. Brother and sister told their new friends what brought them to the city of Math Riddles. The cubs sympathized with them, explained how to get closer to Dvoik Street, and said goodbye, wishing them good luck.
Pavlik and Yulia walked a little along Plusov Street, then turned into Zero Lane, as the bear cubs advised, passed Ink Street, crossed the square
Equality and headed for the street of Uncounted Crows. Suddenly they smelled a wonderful, extraordinary smell.
At first, the children did not even understand why it smells so delicious. But then they remembered that this is exactly how their favorite blueberry pie, browned, with a crisp crust, smelled like that.
I think I know what smells so good here! - Pavlik was delighted.
What, what? - hurried his sister. - I feel that it smells of something familiar.
In my opinion, we are approaching the street of Bakers, which the bear cubs told us about.
Well, that's right, now I remember too. Only pies can smell so delicious.
The street the guys got on was very beautiful. Each house on it resembled those delicious products that are made in bakeries. Some houses looked like a huge loaf of bread, others resembled pies and cheesecakes, and still others - bagels and bagels.
But multi-colored, chocolate animal figurines. Delighted children walked slowly down the street, stopping for a long time at every house. In one of the houses, which looked like a large pretzel, a window suddenly opened and a head appeared. Whose head it was, it was impossible to understand, because the face, and eyebrows, and mustache, and hair, and cheeks were in agony.
Come quickly into the house, - the flour mustache moved.
Well, of course, it was the Baker - only the children did not immediately guess about it. In the middle of the room they entered was a huge stove. It was impossible to take your eyes off her: she was so beautiful, covered with multi-colored glaze. Meanwhile, the Baker was making cakes and putting them in the oven.
Well, tell me why you came, - asked the Baker.
We are going to Dvoik Street, - Pavlik began.
The fact is, - said Yulia, - that we do not need deuces, that is, we do. Or rather, of course, they are not needed ... Oh, I’m confused.
Let me explain it myself, '' her brother came to her aid. '' Two has settled in my math notebook. I will, of course, correct it, because now I have learned how to subtract. So, Two took our friend Sharik away, so we are looking for the street of Two, ”he finished sadly.
Saving a friend ... This is very good. Now my pies will be ready, and I will show you the nearest road to Dvoek Street.
For whom are the pies baked? - asked Julia. The pies smelled so delicious that she could not think of anything else.
How for whom? For all kind people who walk by and look at the light. '' With these words, the Baker opened the damper in the oven, and the children saw that the pies were already browned.
If everyone who comes to my house, I give 2 cakes, how many people can I treat?
What do you guys think!
Five people, - the children answered after counting the pies.
Well, if I will give one pie to each, then how many will I treat? - did not calm down
Baker.
Then, - Pavlik thought, - then, of course, ten people.
And if I cut each pie in half and give everyone half, how many people will taste my pies? - asked the Baker with a sly smile.
Then ... - The boy even closed his eyes to better concentrate.
Help Pavlik sooner: he must solve this problem.
Then twenty people will taste your pies. '' Pavlik was very pleased with himself.
Now I see that you love mathematics, are able to reason and, of course, you will not receive any more twos, - the Baker praised him. - I started talking to you completely.
My pies are about to burn.
The baker rushed to the stove and took out the pies.
Help yourself, dear guests, I see: you are smart guys, and good friends. Refresh yourself before the road and hit the road as soon as possible.
While the brother and sister were eating pies, the Baker told them that they had to reach the river with golden stones, cross the Humpback Bridge to the other side and go to the Pharmacy Dead End. And there it is not far from Dvoek Street.
The children of the Baker thanked for the tasty treat, for the kind advice and set off on their way.
Of course, they recognized the pharmacy dead end immediately, because it smelled of drugs. At the very beginning of the cul-de-sac was the city's main pharmacy. There were sold pills and medicine, tablets and ointments, lotions, mustard plasters and many other necessary medicines.
Since Pavlik and Yulia were completely healthy, there was no need for them to enter any
Pharmacy dead end, no pharmacy. They walked by with a brisk pace, when they suddenly heard a strange sound: not that meowing, not that purr, which at times turned into a hiss and rustling. This time, the children were not at all surprised: after all, they already knew that various miracles and surprises can happen in a fabulous city. Julia stopped and listened. Turning her head in the direction from which the sound came, the girl saw the following picture: a beautiful gray Cat was walking along the sidewalk, slowly treading with two paws. In her hands, or rather in her front paws, she was holding a small purse, from which a vial peeped out.
Deciding once and for all not to be surprised at anything in this city, Julia called the Cat:
"Kitty Kitty Kitty".
The cat looked up at Yulia.
Are you singing or crying? the girl asked.
It’s not so fun for me to sing, ”answered the Cat,“ but I don’t like crying, because tears cannot help grief. I'm just trying to solve a very difficult puzzle.
What other puzzle? - Frowning, asked Pavlik. He couldn't understand why
Yulia needed to talk to unfamiliar cats: after all, they have so little time.
My kids are ill, - the Cat began sadly. - I called the doctor
Aibolit. He came, listened to them, looked at the neck, measured the temperature and ordered to buy the medicine.
The pharmacy sold me a whole bottle of pills and said: “Give strictly according to the prescription.” The cat rummaged in her purse and took out a bottle.
Wait wait. Far from your house? Pavlik interrupted her.
I live here, around the corner, on Cat Yards Street. Pavlik and Yulia exchanged glances.
Well, we need to help out the Cat. It is very difficult when all the children are ill at once. Take us to your house, but quickly, ”Pavlik said.
If you know how to climb over fences, as we do, then I will take you the shortest way.
The cat started to run, Pavlik and Yulia did not lag behind. They soon reached the right street. On one of the houses there was a plaque with the inscription: "Street Cat Yards". On the other side of the street there was also a plaque on which it was written: “Street
Minks ".
In this extraordinary city, all sorts of miracles really occur. I have never seen one and the same street called differently, - said Yulia.
Meow! - the Cat meowed angrily. - These are the tricks of our neighbors - mice. They want the street to be named after them, and we do not give in. Therefore, one side of the street where cats live is called Cat Yards, and the other is called Mink Minks.
Now everything is clear, - said Yulia.
The cat quickly climbed the steep stairs to the top floor, under the very roof, where the whole family lived. Entering the house, the children saw the beds on which the sick kittens lay.
The cat took a recipe from the closet and showed it to the children. Here's what it said.
Guys, how many pills do you think a cat should count! Draw these pills.
Children distributed pills to young patients. The kittens took the pills and immediately felt better, got out of bed and let's catch our own tail, spinning around, and chase each other.
While the kittens were frolicking, Pavlik and Yulia asked the Cat about Dvoyok Street, telling about their four-legged friend, whom they were going to rescue. Although the Cat was not very fond of puppies and dogs, she wanted to help such nice children. Therefore, she showed the road leading to the street that the brother and sister were looking for.
For some time Pavlik and Yulia walked, without turning anywhere, past strange streets on which there were huge cubes, balls and cylinders. Narrow streets led to three different squares of the city:
Round, Square and Triangular. travelers needed only Round Square, behind which the street began
Twos. But which of the streets to go? The children paused in thought.
Suddenly they saw the Wolf. On his back was a large bag, and in it were two jugs, red and yellow. Having caught up with the guys, the Wolf sat down to rest.
Dear children, - the Wolf began in a plaintive voice, - have you met guys who are good at guessing mathematical riddles. The girl's name is Pavlik, and the boy's
Julia.
Are you looking for us? the children asked, laughing.
Maybe you, too, if you also know how to solve riddles.
We do not know if we can solve your riddle, only our name is the other way around: boy
Pavlik, and the girl - Julia.
You see, ”the Gray Wolf cried,“ how old I have become, I don’t remember anything, I can’t carry out any assignments, but it used to be ... ”he sighed heavily.
Don't be sad, Gray Wolf, - Yulia began to calm him down and stroked his big shaggy head. - Tell us about your misfortune, maybe we can really help your grief.
Ivan Tsarevich, whom I faithfully served for many years, sent me for living and dead water. I got this water from the Old Raven, but I forgot which jug was in which water. I grew old, it became difficult for me to serve with Ivan Tsarevich. Yes, I don’t want to upset him, ”the Wolf cried again.
Wait you cry. You can't help grief with tears, - Pavlik stopped him. - What did the Raven say to you when he poured water?
He didn’t tell me anything, he poured it and that was all. Although ... no, wait.
The raven warned me that there is more living water. But the jugs are opaque, what water is more, you can't see, what should I do? - Wolf began to cry again.
Calm down, finally, - Pavlik was already outright angry, - we need to think of something.
Guys, think about how you can help the Gray Wolf. How to find out where is living water, where is dead?
Pavlik and Yulia also began to think about how to solve the problem.
Old Raven said that there is more living water, - Pavlik began to reason, - that means we need to find out in which jug there is more water, that will be alive, - he concluded.
The wolf stopped crying and began to listen to what the children were talking about.
Well done, brother, what a clever boy you are! - Julia was delighted, but immediately fell silent: - But how do we know which water is more? It must be measured.
Well done, you guessed what to do. - Pavlik was very serious. - Now we need to figure out what we will measure.
The wolf listened attentively to the children, but could not understand anything. And the guys, meanwhile, went to their basket and began to take out of it various items that they took with them on the road.
This seems to be what we need. '' Pavlik took a mug and a bucket in his hands.
With this mug, we will first measure the water in a yellow jug, - Pavlik suggested. He poured a full mug of water from a yellow jug and poured it into the bucket. “One full mug.
Julia drew one stick in the sand. Pavlik refilled the mug again and poured water into the bucket again, and Yulia drew a second stick in the sand. Pavlik filled the mug for the third time and also poured it into the bucket, and Yulia drew a wand for the third time.
You see: there are three mugs of water in a jug, ”Pavlik said, counting the sticks that his sister had drawn.
Having poured water from the bucket back into the yellow jug, Pavlik began to measure the water in the red jug. Now he filled a mug with water from a red jug and poured it into the empty bucket, and Yulia drew crosses on the sand. One mug - one cross, one more mug - again a cross, another full mug - and again a cross ... Pavlik poured the last mug into a bucket and asked:
How many cups of water did you get?
There were five mugs of water in the red jug, because I have five crosses, - answered Yulia. - I drew each cross when you poured out a full mug.
The boy praised Yulia, poured water from a bucket into a red jug and handed it
The wolf.
There is living water here, ”he said. The wolf gasped in amazement:
How did you know?
Very simple. I measured the water. In a yellow jug - three mugs of water, in a red
Five mugs. Five mugs are more than three mugs. What did the Raven tell you?
That there is more living water ... - the Wolf smiled, - now I understand everything too.
Well, there is more water in the red jug, which means that it is alive.
Well done! How grateful I am to you! If I were not so old, I would definitely start pumping you as a real winner, but I'm afraid I won't have enough strength. Therefore, I bow deeply to you, wise boy, and shake your hand. Can I help you with something? - asked the grateful Wolf.
Please tell us how to get to Round Square and further to the street
Twos.
Here is a very difficult road, and you can easily get lost, "said the Wolf." I'd better draw a plan for you, according to which you will go exactly where you need to.
Julia took out a piece of paper and a pencil from the basket. The wolf began to quickly draw a plan. When the plan was ready, he handed it over to Pavlik and explained:
Follow the road until three fir trees. Turn left from them. Then you will reach a large lake, from it go straight to the clock tower, and then turn right. There you will see
Round square. The street Dvoek begins from it. You will recognize her immediately.
Here is the plan that Wolf gave
Guys, show me the path that our travelers must go to come to the Round Square.
With the help of the plan that Wolf drew for them, the children quickly got to Round Square. After passing the square, the guys went out into the street and immediately stopped rooted to the spot: such a sad sight opened before them. Without a doubt, this was Dvoyek Street.
It was narrow and very dirty. Sheets of paper, broken pencils, rulers, and outlined pencil cases lay around.
What is it? - Julia said in bewilderment and picked up a piece of paper from the ground.
It turned out to be a piece of paper torn from a notebook, on which it was written: “2 +
2 = 3 ". The wrong answer was crossed out and there was a big red deuce at the bottom. The children began to sort through the sheets, there were no mistakes! But the main thing that struck our heroes was that all these sheets were very dirty, with bent and torn edges, many of them were rubbed to holes with an elastic band. Everything that was written there was striking in its slovenliness. The numbers and letters were so ugly and clumsy that it was even difficult to read them. It was clear that those who owned these sheets did not want to learn at all, they did their homework in a hurry, somehow and did not think at all. The children felt uneasy.
Pavlik was terribly ashamed, because among the sheets lying under his feet he recognized his own, on which was written: "10 - 4 = 5". There was no deuce that stood under this example. Where is she?
Then the children remembered that they are on Dvoik Street, which means that Dvoikas live here. Sharik, kidnapped by Deuce, must also be somewhere nearby.
The children looked around the street. They saw no houses, but only heaps of dirty, shabby briefcases with torn off handles, ruined locks, frayed leather. It was immediately evident that these portfolios were having a hard time with their owners: they were thrown, they were rolled on them in the winter from the hills and, ashamed to say, they fought with them.
Who are you looking for? a hoarse, cold voice suddenly rang out.
At first, the children did not even understand who was speaking. But then they saw some strange twisted creature looking more closely, they saw that it was Deuce, the real Deuce. At that moment, the pile of portfolios stirred and from there, after the first Deuce, the same ugly creatures fell down. Of course, they were also Twos. They all said something at the same time, pushed each other and constantly quarreled. The children imagined how Deuces could fall out of all the dirty and tattered briefcases lying on the street. It is unlikely that they will then be able to get out of this street. What to do? It was necessary to act decisively.
We came for our friend Sharik, - Pavlik stepped forward boldly. - What should we do to get him back?
You have two questions to answer, ”said Deuce, who emerged from the pile of briefcases first.
Apparently she was the eldest here. Because, as soon as she shouted at the fighting and screaming Twos, they immediately quieted down and began to disappear into their house one by one.
Pavlik and Yulia got ready, the decisive moment came.
Here is the first question for you, - said the Elder Two, glad in advance that the children will not answer it. - Imagine that you have two completely identical pieces of paper that you have divided: one into eight equal parts, the other into four. Which part is larger - one in four or one in eight?
The question was difficult, and Pavlik was at first at a loss.
Guys, can you help Pavlik!
Julia came to his aid, who remembered that there were two identical pieces of paper in the basket. She took them out and handed them to her brother. The delighted Pavlik quickly began to divide the sheet into eight equal parts, and asked Julia to divide the other into four equal parts.
When the work was over, the children took one of the parts obtained after the division, compared them and breathed a sigh of relief. They immediately saw that one fourth is, of course, more.
The deuce darkened, because until now she had only come across such children who could never answer her question correctly.
Well, ”she said, her eyes sparkling viciously.“ You have outsmarted me. You will not be able to do this the second time. Here's another question for you. The blacksmiths forged eight horseshoes.
How many horses can they shoe?
Pavlik bent down to Yulia and whispered something in her ear. He guessed right away, but decided to consult with his sister.
You guys guessed it!
We got your favorite number two. Two horses can be shod with these horseshoes.
The deuce turned green with anger:
Well, you have to give your Sharik back.
After these words, Sharik appeared out of nowhere and rushed towards the guys with a sonorous bark. While they were caressing their friend, Dvoyek Street gradually melted, and the children found themselves at the doorstep of their house. Thus ended this unusual journey to the city of Mathematical Riddles.
№ 6 VISITING THE CLOCKWORK GNOME, OR A STORY ABOUT HOW NOT TO BE LATE TO SCHOOL
Target: acquaintance with the meaning of time, different types of clocks. To give concepts about the purpose of the minute and hour hands, to teach how to determine the time by the clock. Development of memory, attention, coherent speech.
On the eve of the new school year, the most incredible stories can happen to future first graders. Today we will tell you one of them.
Once upon a time there was Sasha, an ordinary boy. They bought him, like many of his peers, a brand new satchel with shiny locks. This satchel was immediately filled with a variety of amazing things, which no schoolchild can do without. There were pens, pencils, an eraser, a ruler, counting sticks and much that was only long-awaited, full of uncertainties on the first of September.
One thing worried the boy. Earlier, when Sasha went to kindergarten, his grandmother always woke him up. Therefore, he was never late. What about now? After all, it's a shame if they bother you in the morning like a baby. There was only one way out - to get up on my own, without outside help. After all, you can set an alarm clock, and it will ring in
Sasha had a difficult relationship with the alarm clock. He already knew all the numbers on the dial.
I knew that hands helped to find out what time it was. But these arrows helped everyone except
Sasha. How many times did the boy stand by the clock for a long time and looked at it so intently that tears appeared in his eyes! The grandmother even felt sorry for her grandson, and she reassured him: "Do not be upset - soon you will learn to recognize the time."
On the eve of September 1, dad said to Sasha:
You go to bed early today. You need to get a good night's sleep.
When do I have to get up so I won't be late for school? the boy asked.
At seven o'clock in the morning, - said Dad, - as soon as the alarm goes off.
Dad twisted some knobs, touched the levers and put the alarm clock on the table
Good night, first grader, - he said, kissed his son and quietly left the
Sasha lay for a long time and thought about the day ahead. He did not even notice how his eyes closed, and he suddenly found himself in front of the gates of the fairytale castle. The tallest tower was decorated with a clock with luminous hands. “What a beautiful castle! I wonder if you can get there? " - thought Sasha.
At the same moment, a small funny man appeared in front of him. The boy recognized the good Dwarf at once.
What do you need? the Dwarf asked.
I really want to get into the castle, - answered Sasha.
This is the magical Castle of the Clock, - explained the Dwarf, - and I am the Chief Clockmaker. Only those who are good at determining the time by the clock can get into our castle.
Hearing these words, Sasha almost burst into tears.
I do not know how to tell the time by the clock. So I'll never get there, ”he said quietly.
The good Gnome felt sorry for the boy. He looked into his eyes and said:
You probably really want to learn how to recognize the time. Sasha's heart sank.
I will help you get into the castle.
The dwarf whispered magic words, the gates swung open, and they found themselves in a shady alley. Birds sang loudly on tree branches, grasshoppers chirped in the grass, butterflies fluttered over beautiful flowers. The alley led the Dwarf and Sasha to the clock tower. They passed through a wide wrought-iron door and entered a large hall.
Sasha looked around with admiration. A clock with huge pendulums stood right on the floor. The walls were decorated with clocks in fancy frames.
A wide variety of clocks are kept in the castle. Here you see the wall and grandfather clocks, - explained the Chief Clockmaker of the castle. - What do their names tell you?
Wall-mounted, probably because they need to be hung on the wall. And the floor ones are on the floor, - Sasha reasoned.
Perhaps you can guess what the clock on the castle tower is called?
Tower, - immediately realized Sasha.
He took a few steps across the hall, and his attention was attracted by a clock that looked like a palace.
Is it really a watch too? - the boy was surprised.
Yes, an antique clock. "The dwarf stroked the shiny surface." They were usually on the fireplaces. What are their names?
I think they are called mantels.
Quite right. Now, perhaps, you can guess my riddles, which should be solved by everyone who gets into the castle:
Who walks the night
And the day goes by
Not knowing what laziness is?
Of course, this is a watch! - Sasha exclaimed.
Listen to one more:
They knock, they knock, they don't tell you to be bored.
They walk, they walk, and everything is here and there.
This puzzle is also about the clock! - Sasha was pleased that he passed the test.
Well done! You quickly guessed the riddles. This means we can move on.
They moved to another room, where there were many cabinets with transparent doors.
This room contains all the alarm clocks that exist in the world. '' The dwarf was clearly proud of his collection.
On the shelves behind the glass were alarm clocks with bells, rattles and bells. The dwarf waved his hand, and the alarms went off all at once, each in its own way.
There was an unimaginable noise. Sasha laughed:
If there were so many alarm clocks in every house, and they all rang together, then no one would be late.
Now the Dwarf smiled:
Why so many alarms at once? One is enough. When they take good care of him, do not forget to start, he always shows the exact time and wakes you up on time.
Sasha remembered his alarm clock, which was on the table near the bed, and promised himself that he would definitely make friends with him.
Are other clocks stored here as well? - The boy glanced at one of the shelves. - These are worn on the arm.
They are called ... - The dwarf looked inquiringly at his companion.
Wrist watches, - Sasha continued confidently. - And my grandfather has a round watch with a lid. They hang on a chain. He does not put them on his hand, but puts them in his pocket.
Can you name them yourself? - asked the Chief Clockmaker.
Probably pocket ones, - suggested Sasha.
Right. In the old days, they made pocket watches with music. The lid opened and a melody sounded. Our castle also has these. Listen here. '' The dwarf took a watch out of the cabinet, opened the lid, and a delicious melody was heard.
It seemed to Sasha that a whole fabulous orchestra was playing. The boy clapped his hands happily. When the sounds of the music died down, the Dwarf put the watch in place and, smiling mysteriously, said:
You saw many clocks here. They are all somewhat similar. With what?
Sasha was confused. The clocks were so different that it was impossible to find two identical. The boy looked at the collection of the castle and thought: - All watches are very different, they even have different names. But ... I see that all clocks have numbers and two hands.
Quite right. Well done! Almost all watches have hands and a dial, - the Dwarf praised the boy.
Why did you say almost? Is there a clock without hands? - Sasha was surprised.
Imagine there is!
The gnome opened the closet, and Sasha saw very strange objects, completely unlike a clock. On a stand were two transparent balls, one on top of the other. They were interconnected. Fine-fine sand was poured at the bottom of the lower ball.
This is an hourglass, - explained the Dwarf. - In a small clock, sand is poured from one ball to another in one minute. In those that are larger - in five minutes, and in the largest - in ten minutes.
The dwarf turned over the smallest watch. The sand was in the top ball.
In a thin stream, he began to rapidly pour down.
There are other clocks without hands. This is a modern electronic clock. The exact time is shown on them by luminous numbers, - continued the Chief Watchmaker.
How interesting! - just had time to exclaim Sasha, and the Dwarf was already leading him to the window.
There are also watches that have only one hand, and even that is not real.
Where is the other?
She's gone. She just isn't needed. Look here.
The boy looked out the window and saw a small rise, and on it some strange object.
What's this? - he asked.
Oh, this is a very interesting and wise thing. You probably don't even know that this is also a watch. But the clock is unusual, sunshine. When the sun is shining, a shadow falls from the peg. It kind of forms an arrow. The shadow-arrow falls on the number and shows what time it is.
That's a watch! - Sasha said with admiration. - How easy it is to recognize the time by them!
Just? But how do you know the time when there is no sun: in the evening or in cloudy weather?
Slyly, squinting, asked the Dwarf. Sasha thought about it.
Anyway! I promised to teach you how to tell the time by the clock and I will keep my word. It is easy to determine the time by solar, sand and electronic. Let's talk about those watches that have two hands on the dial. '' The dwarf pointed with his wand at the large clock.
The countdown begins at night, when you are already asleep. Both hands then stand on the number
12 (but remember that in this case they represent zero hours). It's hard to even see that these are two heating pads, because the short one is closed by the long one.
Dad told me that the long hand is called the minute, and the short hand is called the hour, ”Sasha recalled.
It is good that you already know this, - the Chief Clockmaker smiled, - that means it will not be difficult for you to remember what I am going to tell you. The long minute hand starts to move. In one hour, it goes a full circle and again returns to the number 12.
Does the short arrow follow her? the boy asked.
The short hour hand moves very slowly. During this same time, it will only move from number 12 to number 1. The clock will show one hour.
I got it, got it! - Sasha was delighted. - In an hour, the short hour hand will move to the number 2, while the long minute hand will run a full circle again during this time and return to the number 12. The clock will be two hours.
I'm proud of you boy! - The gnome was pleased with his student. - Minutes and hours are running. Hands move around the dial, counting down the time. They will meet again in the afternoon at 12,
Suddenly a loud shot rang out. The boy even jumped in surprise.
Do not be afraid! It was the cannon on the castle wall that fired, ”the Chief Clockmaker reassured him.
Why did she shoot? - Sasha wondered.
This is the most peaceful gun. Every day she shoots at exactly 12 o'clock, informing everyone that it is noon.
The dwarf took Sasha by the hand, and they entered the hall, where all the clocks showed different times.
I specially brought you here so that you can learn to recognize the time. Take a look at this watch. What time do they show?
Sasha looked where he indicated. Dwarf. The minute hand on the clock stood at the figure
12, and hour - at number 8
This watch has eight o'clock, and next to it the alarm clock shows ten o'clock.
Sasha ran up closer. - Look: the hour hand is at 10, and the minute
At number 12
The dwarf smiled contentedly and nodded his head. Now Sasha quickly figured out what time the clock showed, and told the Dwarf about it. At about one o'clock, the boy suddenly stopped:
I don’t understand what time this clock shows. Here, each arrow has only traveled half the way.
The minute has come to the number 6, - began the explanation of the Dwarf, - and the hour is between the numbers 4 and 5 When the hands have passed the remaining half of the way, it will be exactly five o'clock.
And now they are four and a half hours, or half past four. Now try to determine what time these hands show. '' The Chief Watchmaker went to the clock hanging by the window.
They spend seven and a half hours, - answered Sasha.
That's right, or half past seven, - added the Dwarf. - So you learned to know the time by the clock. But it's time for us to say goodbye. Remember me sometimes. '' With these words, the Dwarf opened the door for the boy, there was a deafening ringing ...
Sasha opened his eyes and woke up. There was a brand new knapsack nearby. An ironed school uniform hung on the chair. An alarm clock rang on the table beside the bed. Mom entered the room.
Mom, good morning! - Sasha smiled. - The clock shows seven o'clock, so it's time to get up and get ready for school!
How do you know what time it is? - Mom was surprised.
Now I will always know the time myself by the clock. I learned, - answered Sasha and smiled mysteriously.
№ 7 The first story about the wire
There was a wire. She lay on her path, and animals ran by, birds flew by, but none of them needed a wire, and they did not notice the wire.
One day, the forest teacher Owl was flying to class and saw a wire. She decided to take her with her to the lesson in order to explain to her students what a straight line is. An owl flew in, showed her discovery to the students: "This wire looks like a straight line. Only a straight line has no end or beginning, it continues endlessly in all directions, it has no bends or corners. What looks like a straight line?"
- Electric wires! Rails! Asphalt road!
The owl took the wire and made a few bends.
- What does it look like now? She asked.
- On the waves on the river! - answered the magpie, who was just returning from the river.
“On the path in our forest,” said the hedgehog.
- On me! The fluffy, bright green caterpillar proudly declared.
- And me, - said the black shiny one.
- Well done! - praised the Owl. And this wire also looks like a line, which is also called a curve. See, she has curves ...
- Can you make another line out of wire? - shouted the students.
The owl sharply bent the wire several times so that sharp corners were obtained.
“Such a line is called a broken line,” she explained.
- Yes, as if someone broke a branch of a tree, and this is such a break, - said the squirrel.
“Such a kink is called a corner,” said Owl.
“This corner is like the rooftops of houses that people build,” said the thrush.
- And on the fence!
- And on someone's sharp teeth, - the hare whispered.
- To lightning in the sky when there is a thunderstorm, - said the fox.
“You see how useful the simple procrastination was that got bored on the path,” said Owl. - We will hide it, it will still be useful to us. And now - a change, we all have a rest! And the disciples scattered, scattered and scattered in all directions.
№ 8 The second story about the wire
While all the animals were frolicking, the hedgehog took the wire and began to bend it in different directions. Finally, he connected both ends.
- Wow, it turned out to be a ring! - the hedgehog was delighted, took a stick and began to roll the ring around the clearing. Gradually, the rest of the animals gathered around him. The squirrel put the ring on its neck, like beads, then on its paw, like a bracelet. The teddy bear put it on his head like a hat. The squirrels put the ring on the ground and jumped into it and back.
The Owl flew to the noise.
- Look, we got a ring! - said her animals.
“You have a circle,” said Owl. - A circle is a closed line. By the way, is it straight, curved or broken?
What do you think the animals answered?
“A circle is a closed, curved line,” repeated the Owl. - The circle has a center. From it to any point on the circle - the same distance. People draw circles using this kind of tool - it's called a compass.
- From the word "circus"? - asked the bear. - I don't like circuses ...
- From the word "circle" in one of the languages spoken by people. Circus means round. And this is a compass ...
The animals looked at the compasses as if spellbound.
- Teacher, where did you get the compasses? The titmouse asked timidly.
It was dropped from the portfolio by the boy Vasya, who was in a hurry to school in the morning, - said the Owl. - All the birds whistled and screamed, but Vasya did not pay any attention to them. So the compass remained with us. Would you like to try drawing an even circle with it? (The teacher calls several children).
- By the way, a special object is also used to draw straight lines - it is called a "ruler". See what a straight straight line you get if you draw it along a ruler ...
Meanwhile, the hedgehog again took the wire and bent it into a loop.
- Teacher, what is it?
- It's a loop. What line is this? Is it closed? A closed line is a line whose ends coincide. A loop is an open line, but it crosses over itself. Try to come up with another closed line yourself.
The squirrel has bent a beautiful heart out of the wire. The fox made a circle and then flattened it to form an ellipse.
“That's enough for today,” said Owl. - You got acquainted with a circle, with compasses and a ruler, learned about closed lines. It's time to rest. And next time we'll do something new.
No. 9 The third story about the wire
The owl called the animals for the next lesson. She took the wire again, bent the same lengths upwards from both ends and connected them.
“Look what I did,” she said to the students. - What it looks like?
- To the roof of a human house! - shouted the thrush.
- To the anthill, - suggested the hedgehog.
The owl listened to the animals and said:
- Such a figure is called a triangle. And now I will introduce you to another geometric figure, ”and she began to bend the wire again. - See what happened? This shape is called a rectangle. Its opposite sides are equal, but the contacting ones are not. And a square similar to it has all sides equal, and the Owl set to work again to show the animals what a square looks like.
The animals listened very carefully and drew figures in their notebook (do you draw too?)
Children sketch figures on their pieces of paper.
- Today I will show you, with the help of our wonderful assistant - wire, how the lines can be located in different ways relative to each other. Let's take a wire and a stick, - the Owl continued the lesson. - They can be positioned like my paws, at the same distance from each other.
- Like wires! - said the titmouse.
“Like the rails on which trains travel,” said the hedgehog.
“In such cases, people say that these lines are pa-paral-lel-ny,” said Owl. - Draw 2-3 parallel lines in the sand under the big pine tree. Place several large pine needles parallel to each other. To draw beautifully straight parallel lines, use a ruler; it will be even more convenient if you take the rulers right away - like this. (And Owl drew 3 parallel straight lines.)
- Straight lines can and intersect (Owl folded the wire and twig "criss-cross"). How many times can 2 lines intersect, do you think? Draw intersecting lines.
- Curves can also intersect, and even more than once, - said the hare. - The paths in our forest are also curved, and they intersect 2 times - near the meadow and near the lake.
- And straight lines can be arranged like this. (The owl took a twig in its beak and put the wire on the sand). They do not intersect, but they are not parallel. In this case, they say that straight lines are intersecting.
- You can pierce this sheet with a wire, and put a twig on top of it. It turns out that they are located in the same way as crossing straight lines. It's enough for today.
And the Owl flew away.
Let's sketch the lines that Owl talked about.
Now let's turn all our figures into pictures and send them to the Owl in the Forest School, let all the animals admire your pictures. Draw your shapes to make pictures!
№ 10 The fourth story about the wire
While waiting for the students, Owl thoughtfully twisted the wire onto the stick, and then removed the resulting curl from the stick.
Oh, curl! - exclaimed the squirrel.
These are such rings, - said the hedgehog.
The animals began to gather in the clearing.
The result looks like a line called a spiral, ”said Owl. - By the way, on your shell, a snail, you can see it.
Everyone looked at the snail shell, and she just beamed with pride. “I saw a staircase in a man’s house,” a little mouse squeaked, shivering and shy. - She also bent like a snail shell and like this ... pi-pi-helix ...
And one day I found an electric light bulb on the road - it also had a spiral of a thin wire inside it, - said the hedgehog.
The spirals can be twisted either to the left or to the right, - the Owl drew two spirals in the sand. - The turns of the spiral can be located close to each other or far away. Look for spirals around you and share your observations in the next lesson.
№ 11 The fifth story about the wire
Today I will show you, with the help of our wonderful assistant - wire, how the lines can be positioned in different ways relative to each other. Let's take a wire and a stick, - the Owl began the lesson. - They can be positioned like my paws, at the same distance from each other.
Like wires! - said the titmouse.
Like the rails on which trains travel, said the hedgehog.
In such cases, people say that these lines are pa-paral-lel-ny, ”said Owl. - Draw 2-3 parallel lines in the sand under the big pine tree. Place several large pine needles parallel to each other. To draw straight and parallel lines beautifully, use a ruler; it will be even more convenient if you take the rulers right away - like this. (And Owl drew 3 parallel straight lines.)
Straight lines can also intersect (the Owl folded the wire and twig "criss-cross"). How many times can 2 lines intersect, do you think? Draw intersecting lines.
Curves can also intersect, and even more than once, - said the hare. - The paths in our forest are also curved, and they intersect 2 times - near the meadow and near the lake.
And straight lines can be arranged like this. (The owl took a twig in its beak and put the wire on the sand). They do not intersect, but they are not parallel. In this case, they say that straight lines are intersecting.
The owl picked up a leaf that had fallen from the tree.
You can pierce this sheet with a wire, and put a twig on top of it. It turns out that they are located in the same way as crossing straight lines. It's enough for today.
And the Owl flew away.
