Such a hat can not only be used for a photo shoot, it is quite comfortable in everyday wear. You can knit it from any yarn. Whether it is wool, semi-wool, cotton with acrylic, thick cotton without additives. To do this, you need directly yarn and a crochet hook suitable for it, a little crochet skill and a little free time.
This hat and others like it begin to knit from the top of the head. In order to knit the bottom correctly, we need an idea of \u200b\u200bthe rules of a flat circle and the following schemes will help us with this.

Here are schemes for all options for knitting the bottom. Just print them out for yourself or save them to your computer and use them again and again.
Today we need schemes with the implementation of increases in a circle with double crochets (CH). Personally, I use the second method of doing increments.
We start by making a ring of 6 air loops, if you do not want to have a hole, you can use a tightening amigurumi ring. Each row starts with lifting loops. And we knit focusing on the scheme.
How to understand that the bottom has reached the required diameter? To do this, divide the head circumference by 3.14 and subtract 1-2 cm (if you knit a tight hat, then subtract 1 cm, if the panama is loose, viscous that stretches well, then 2 cm).
For example, I need to knit a hat for a child with a head circumference of 50 cm.
50 / 3.14-1 \u003d approximately 14.9 cm
It is this diameter of the bottom of the cap that I tediously tie.
Next, just knit with double crochets to the desired depth.
To calculate where we need to tie the ears of the caps that will cover the ears of the child. We count the number of loops along the edge and divide the whole number into 5 parts. They will be distributed in the following ratio. One part - the back of the head, two parts on the front of the cap and one for each ear. This will create a hat with the correct proportions and well covering the child's ears.
We knit the ears at the cap with the gradual closing of the loops on each side.

Correctly taken head measurements are the key to a successful job and a beautiful hat. Therefore, I advise everyone, before you start knitting any hat, you must first choose the right yarn, and knitting needles or a hook that fit the chosen model.

Then knit a reference pattern. You will need it to correctly calculate the loops and rows in the product.

Moreover, if the product is knitted from several patterns, it is better to knit the samples of all and see how they will look, I always do this, sometimes this process is delayed for me if I don’t like the selection of patterns, but it’s better to spend a little more time right away than to dissolve the finished product. product.

If you suspect that the yarn is shrinking, then it is better to wash the samples and look at the result. After the samples are tied, they take measurements from the head and find out the size. Now let's talk about all this in more detail.

Knitting hats for beginners: preparatory work

If you are a beginner needlewoman, then, of course, it is best to start with the most simple schemes and patterns. So you will be sure of the end result and at the same time gain experience in knitting hats with knitting needles.

Yarn selection

First of all, you need to go to the store with all kinds of knitting materials. It is here that you will purchase yarn for knitting a hat with knitting needles. All yarn is divided into several types, which determines the quality of the future product and its wear.

First of all, it is worth noting the homogeneous yarn. These are 100% wool, linen, cotton, bamboo and other yarns. The distinctive features of homogeneous yarns are naturalness and environmental friendliness, however, for example, pure woolen yarns can be tough and cause allergies.

In this case, preference should be given to the most popular blended yarn. This type can be characterized as follows: fibers of acrylic, viscose and other synthetic materials are added to natural fabric. Knitted products made from such threads are very soft, they are perfectly worn and washed.

The third group is synthetic yarns, which are 100% non-natural fibers.
All threads can be divided according to their thickness. For knitting hats, you should choose a thicker thread. In this situation, the question may arise how to determine the thickness of the thread. It's very simple. Usually, the packaging indicates the length of the thread is 100 grams. The shorter the length, the thicker the thread itself will be.
The color of the yarn is selected according to your preferences and the planned look. Choose the color of the future knitted hat for a winter coat or accessories (scarf, gloves, bag). Also remember, if you are planning to knit a hat with a relief pattern, then give preference to light threads. The pattern will be clearer on them.

Tool selection

The next step before making a knitted hat with knitting needles for beginners will be the choice of knitting tools, i.e. knitting needles.
For knitting hats, you can use different kinds knitting needles. Perhaps for the first knitted hat you should use regular straight knitting needles with a tip. With the help of them, you can knit a knitted hat, which will have a seam on the back.
There are also stocking needles. There are usually five of them in a set. They can be made of metal, bamboo, plastic, glass. Choose from your preferences, since all needlewomen only by trial determine the optimal knitting needle material for themselves. The stocking needles are sharp on both sides and are usually not very large.

Circular knitting needles are also used for knitting hats. These are two knitting needles that are connected with a fishing line, wire, silicone tube. In this case, the length of the fishing line or wire can be different, which is important to consider when knitting a hat in a circular manner. After all, it will simply not be convenient for you to place the entire number of loops on

line if it is short. Hat on circular knitting needlesah, for beginners, it's a fairly easy option, but you need to be careful.
The thickness of the needles must be selected twice as much as the thickness of the thread. If you are knitting very tightly, choose a thicker knitting needle. Conversely, if it is very loose, then use thinner knitting needles.
You may also need a sewing marker and a sewing needle for knitting, but for crocheting be sure to choose a crochet hook that matches the yarn.

Choice knitting patterns for beginners

Today there are a huge number of patterns for knitting hats with knitting needles. For this wardrobe item, it can be used as simple patterns, and various volumetric and relief. However, most often, all hats begin with a regular 2 * 2 elastic band.

Garter knitting. This is a very simple pattern that you can easily complete without any schemes. Dial the required number of loops, remove the first loop on the right knitting needle, then knit all the loops with the front ones. The last loop must be knitted with a purl. The next rows need to be knitted in the same way.

Embossed patterns. These patterns include "pearl" and "honeycomb". In these patterns, there is an alternation of front and back loops. In the first row, you need to knit: one front, one purl, one front, one purl, and so on until the end of the row. In the next row, we change the order: we knit one purl, one front, one purl, one front and so on until the end of the row. The third row repeats the first.

Braids or plaits. There are a lot of braid patterns. They can be combined with other patterns to create unique knitwear... Here's an example of one braid pattern. To do this, you need to dial the number of loops a multiple of eight plus two edging. We knit 4 facial and 4 purl, in the next row 4 purl and 4 are knitted. Next, you need to remove 2 loops on the additional knitting needle, knit the next 2 loops with the front ones, and then two loops from the additional knitting needle. Then repeat the second row. This is a repeat of the braid pattern.

The combination of various patterns will allow you to create interesting and unusual patterns of knitted hats.

Taking measurements from the head for knitting a hat with knitting needles

Before you start knitting a hat with knitting needles, you need to take measurements from your head or the person to whom you decided to knit a hat.

First of all, measure the volume of your head with a centimeter. It is usually marked by its largest girth. Focus on what you want to get in the end and how you will wear the future knitted hat.
Next, you need to determine the height of your hat. To do this, you need to attach a centimeter to the bridge of the nose and mark the length that ends at the crown. Add 3 cm to the result. However, there are models of hats, in which the height can be much higher. For example, beanie hats.

The most important measurements for a hat are:
1. Rim line. This is the head circumference. She also determines the size of the headgear. It is removed along the frontal part of the head and the occipital. On the forehead, a point is taken just above the eyebrows, and on the back of the head - the most convex part.
2. Then the distance from the top of the head to the edge of the product from the front is measured, and similarly the distance from the crown to the edge of the product from the back.
3. Then the distance from the crown to the edge along the temporal part is measured.
4. The last measurement is the distance from the earlobe to the edge of the occiput.

Thus, all measurements will be taken and it will be possible to build a pattern for the hat.
It should be remembered that the style of the hat greatly influences the values \u200b\u200bof the measurements. For example, you need to know whether the hat will be pulled over the forehead or not.

Measures for building a hat pattern - an example

The girth of the head is measured at its widest point. We have 56 cm.

Distance from the base of the skull to the crown (AM) 17 cm;

Distance from crown to hairline in front (MV) \u003d 16 cm;

Distance from crown to earlobe (MU) \u003d 21 cm.

Distance from base of skull to earlobe (AU) \u003d 11 cm.

Now we will build a base pattern

We build a right angle with the apex at point O. On the horizontal, lay off the measurement of the girth of the head - point G. Down the vertical we put off the measurement AM \u003d 17 and get the line of the back seam. We divide the distance of the exhaust gas in half and get the point Bo - the line of the middle of the front. Along this line we put off the measurement MB \u003d 16. From the point O to the right horizontally we put off the measurement AU \u003d 11 and we get the point Yo, down from which we draw a vertical (ear line). Distance УоУ \u003d МУ \u003d 21 cm. Draw a smooth line through the points AUV.

Hat base pattern

If you knit using this pattern, you will get a hat with a seam in the back, with small ears and gathering at the crown. The size of the hat will exactly match the measurements of the head if you knit with a tight, low-stretch knit.

Simple beanie consists of a crown and a bottom and is a cylinder.

Let's decide on the size of the bottom and crown. Suppose that the cap should cover the ears, that is, it should reach the earlobes. This means that its height as a whole should correspond to the measurement MU \u003d 21 cm. The width of the cap at the level of the crown should correspond to the circumference of the head - 56 cm. Now we calculate the radius of the circle - the bottom (R). The circumference of the bottom is 56 cm or 2PR, where P is the number pi equal to 3.14. Then R \u003d 56 / 2x3.14 \u003d 8.9 cm. Let's round this value to 9 cm. Now we can determine the height of the crown: 21 - 9 \u003d 12 cm.

So, to knit a simple hat, it is enough to take just two measurements - the girth of the head and the desired height of the hat.

The general formula for calculating the radius of the bottom of the cap is R \u003d Og / 6.28.

How to determine the depth (height) of the header:

Depth for a hat, skullcap, cap (up to the ear) \u003d OG / 3
Depth for panama hat, hats (to the middle of the ear) \u003d OG / 3 + 1 (1.5) cm
Depth for the cap (to the earlobe) \u003d OG / 3 + 2 (3) cm

If for some reason you cannot take measurements, we offer an approximate table of knitted hat sizes depending on age.

Sizes of a knitted hat

Age	Cap height from top to bottom, cm	Bottom radius, cm
0 - 3 months	12-13
3 - 6 months	13-14
6 - 18 months	15-16
1.5 - 3 years	16-18
36 years	17-19
6 - 8 years old	18-20
8 - 16 years old	19-21
from 16 years old to small adult size (up to 54th)	20-22
average adult (up to 58th)	21-23

How to calculate the number of loops using a sample

After determining all the sizes you need, you need to determine the knitting density, from which you can calculate the number of loops required for knitting. To do this, cast on 10 loops and knit 10 rows. Measure the resulting sample with a ruler and, based on the circumference of your head, calculate the number of loops.

Pay your attention to the fact how many loops fit in one centimeter.
To find out how many loops you need to take as a basis, multiply the size of the head circumference by the number of loops per centimeter... For example, 60x2 \u003d 120 loops.
In order to make it easier to reduce the loops at the end of the work, round the number to a multiple of 8.
Round down to a lower number as yarns tend to stretch.

How to correctly measure knitting density using a template?

Before knitting a pattern, make a pattern... A special template for counting stitches and rows can, of course, be purchased at handicraft stores, but a simple yet convenient fixture can be quickly made on your own.

Making a template for measuring the sample

Take a thick piece of cardboard A5 format and cut out a "window" with sides 10x10 cm. Apply centimeter markings along the edges of the "window" or glue pieces of paper centimeter tape.

When picking up the loops for the sample, be guided by the density data for the front surface, which is usually found on the label attached to the skein. Based on them, tie a sample, the size of which should be slightly larger than the size of the "window of your template". Ready sample should be laid on a flat surface and, stretching slightly, secure with pins.

Place the prepared template over your sample. Take a knitting needle in your hands and use it to count the number of loops along the horizontal edge of the "window" and the number of rows along its vertical edge. Do not neglect the "halves" of the loops when measuring; in magazine instructions, fractional density figures are not at all uncommon.

Now that you have determined the density of your pattern, compare it to a magazine: if the numbers match, you can knit, guided by the numbers in the instructions, if not, make the necessary adjustments, making sure that your canvas is exactly the way you need it - not too dense, but not loose, soft and pleasant to the touch.

Wet sample handling

Basically, now you can get to work, if not for one important "BUT": sooner or later, things get dirty and have to be washed... This problem is especially relevant when we knit for babies. After all, their clothes often get dirty: pants, overalls and blouses will have to be sent to the wash more than once, which means that you need to check whether the density of your sample will change after washing.

Wash the sample (or at least wet it) and dry it flat on a flat surface. Then repeat the measurements. Is your specimen noticeably sagging or stretched out? - there is a reason to think: is it worth knitting at all from such a yarn? Has it changed a bit? - Make the necessary correction for "shrinkage-stretching" into the calculations.

Choosing a hat knitting technique for beginners

The technique of knitting a hat with knitting needles depends on the specific model you choose. There are several techniques used to knit hats. knitting needles: from the elastic to the crown, from the crown to the elastic, knitting hats on straight knitting needles with a straight cloth, knitting hats with circular or stocking knitting needles, knitting hats using patterns.

1 - Knitting hats from the crown of the head
Consider, in my opinion, an easier way to guess with a long hatfrom the crown to the elastic.In this case, you first of all form the crown, and then gradually increase the number of loops, forming a hat.

Knitting a classic hat from the top of the head is not very common, it's all about tradition here. In addition, a round-knit hat is considered so easy to work with that not every needlewoman will bother with calculations. It is no secret that with the usual knitting from the bottom edge, the main thing is the distance from the edge, from which subtractions begin. This point must be determined very accurately, because if you start earlier, then the hat will be short and you will have to pull it all the time, if later, then, on the contrary, crawl onto your face, or fall back. All this can be easily avoided when knitting from the top of the head, because in the process of work, the hat can be tried on, and the calculations during its implementation are not so complicated as to be deliberately avoided.

To knit a seamless hat, you will need a set of 5 knitting needles, which are usually used to knit socks, and circular knitting needles approximately 40 cm long To get started, dial 8 loops, which are distributed over 4 knitting needles and close them into a ring. With the help of the fifth knitting needle, begin the first row, knitting 2 loops from each set. It turns out 16 loops, on which another row is knitted. Then the loops are added a second time: (*) knit 2 loops from one, 1 front; so repeat from the asterisk to the end of the row - on the needles 24 loops. The next row without additions, and then you need to add again: (*) 2 loops from one, two front; repeat from the asterisk to the end of the row on the needles 32 loops. Then they continue to add in every second row, increasing the number of loops between the additions by one loop, that is, the fourth row of additions: (*) 2 loops from one, 3 front; repeat from asterisk to end of row. Fifth row of additions: (*) 2 loops from one, 4 front; repeat from the asterisk to the end of the row, and so on.

If it is conceived to knit a hat completely from an elastic band, then the added loops do not knit face stitch, but include elastic bands in the pattern. As you work, the addition lines diverge in eight spirals from the center of the knitted disk. This disc is the top of the cap, and when it covers the head like a skullcap, the addition should be stopped and the cap should be knitted further like a pipe with any elastic band or pattern. When there are already enough loops in the work, it is better to switch from stocking to ring needles. Before trying on, it is very convenient to knit a row on circular needles 80 cm long, try on a hat and in the next row they will return to 40 cm long needles.

If a lapel is not needed, then the hat is simply tied to the earlobe and the loops are closed.

For a classic hat with cuffs, knit about 18 cm from the last row with additions. The total height of the cap is usually 25 - 28 cm.

The crown of the cap is closed by simply tightening the initial eight loops with the end of the thread remaining from the set and tucking it in from the inside out. You can add a pompom, crochet flower, or any other decoration you like.

Description of the cap and interesting crown

We collect an even number of loops, a multiple of 4 + 1 (I have 88 + 1, for a head volume of 50 cm, knitting needles 5, Cashsilk yarn) .description from Tatyana Odintsova
We close our Knitting in a circle (using an extra loop) and knit our hat, in a circle with an elastic band 1/1, about 24 (adult 27) cm.

Next, we distribute the markers as follows:
... we divide our loops into two halves front and back;
... now, in each of the parts, select an odd number of loops (out / faces / out) I have 19 (the less, in the middle of the loops, the sharper the top of the cap);
... select our middle, front and back with markers (they remain unfaithful to the end)
... it turns out that in each part, and in the middle of the crown, we have an odd number of loops (I have 19), and from the crown to the crown too (I have 25) 25/19/25/19;
... we begin to form our crown with the help of decreases, along these 19 loops (in my case);
... to form the crown, we subtract two loops in each row, before and after the central part highlighted with markers
... when there are three stitches left on the needles on each side of the "crown", marked with markers, we make the last reductions.
On each side, we subtract only one loop !!! ☝

Secrets of a beautiful shape when knitting a classic hat with knitting needles from the top of the head from a magazine

Secret 1: when knitting a hat from the crown of the head, the addition of loops was carried out simultaneously in eight directions along one loop at regular intervals. It is impossible to say that such work is much more difficult than the expansion in four directions, which is familiar to modern knitters, just a little unusual. An old technique that was used when knitting classic hats from thin fluffy threads may seem more unusual. In those days, it was customary to work on eight stocking needles from the crown to the hem.It is believed that if the number of needles coincides with the number of expansion directions, then the risk of making a mistake when doing them is minimal. So, by the way, knitted and berets. On the left are photos from the tutorial on hand knitting half a century ago.

Secret 2: avoiding any seams that disfigure the shape and patterns of the hat, therefore an invisible set of loops, joining parts together with a knitted seam and knitting parts on loops dialed around the edges already tied were used as a means to avoid them. Photo at the very beginning of the article.

Secret 3: the loops were closed with a simple sewing needle that helped create a strong elastic edge. This was also the case for sports models. Knitting them from the crown differed from the classic implementation of the expansion: it was allowed to lead it only in six directions. So great importance was attached to the beautiful and at the same time elastic edge of the cap that when working from the fields they preferred to make a temporary set of loops for an additional thread. When the classic hat was already knitted, the first row was unraveled and the open loops were closed, as shown in the photo on the left.

Secret 4: when knitting a hat from the fields to the crown of the head, the reduction of loops began 17 - 25 rows before the expected end of the work and was carried out in the manner shown in the photograph. This avoids unnecessary "hills" on the crown.

That's all the secrets of a beautiful shape when knitting a classic hat with knitting needles.

2 - Knitting a hat from the elastic to the crown

With knitting needles, a hat is usually knitted from the bottom up, this is the most common method for knitters. First, choose a pattern and start calculating the number of loops for the hat. To do this, we knit a sample of about 15 x 15 cm.

By the central part of knitting, we determine how many loops are in one centimeter (both in width and in height). We multiply the number of loops (wide) by the girth of the head. But since in the process of knitting our product will stretch, we reduce the number of loops by the number of loops in 2 cm.That means for the calculation we take the volume of the head minus 2 cm.If we knit a hat or its even part with some pattern, we must be the number of rapport loops of this pattern. If the hat is knitted on two knitting needles, with a seam, then you need to add 2 more edge loops.

Then we knit an even part of the cap of the desired height. The height depends on how we are going to wear this hat (for example, on the size of the lapel). The usual depth of the hat is about 12-14 cm.

Leave the end of the typesetting thread longer so that you can sew a hat with it.
A hat with a seam at the back, so you need to carefully knit the side edges of the canvas so that they can then be connected in the least noticeable mattress seam.

3 - Knitting hats on straight knitting needles with a straight cloth

Everything is simple - knit a straight fabric with the chosen pattern according to the calculated measurements. The place where you will sew the knitted fabric should look very neat. For example - you have to start, for example, with the front ones - finish with the purl and sew the product joint to joint, then our seam will not be noticeable. It is better to sew with a mattress seam, pull off the top and the hat is ready.

4 - Knitting hats using patterns

This technique is most often used to make complex hats.

5 - Knitting hats with circular or stocking needles

In this case, the hat is knitted with one fabric and without a seam.

Type in the number of loops you need.

Be careful when you set the loops.

Connect the loops in a circle and knit according to the chosen pattern. Tangled stitches cannot be fixed and you have to start over; try on the hat periodically to determine how many rows are left to be done.

Circular knitting needles create edges that roll on their own. Therefore, you will have to knit a little longer to calculate the length of the beanie.

Start decreasing. Mark with pins every 8 or 10 stitches. Two stitches to the pin, subtract one stitch. Continue working by decreasing each circle. After this work, you will notice how your hat shrinks. Don't be afraid to adjust the knitting needles, it won't ruin your work.

When you have 4 loops left, then we can say that you are approaching the end of the work. The finished size of your hat will be approximately 38-50 cm.

Take a darning needle or crochet hook. To finish the job, pull the yarn through the remaining 4 stitches.
Pull the thread through each loop.

Leave a free end. You should still have some length to work. To secure the crown, pull the end of the thread to the wrong side and crochet through the top of the cap.
Then cut the thread to the length of the cap.
At the end of work, sew the product with a darning needle. This is necessary for the strength and masking of the seam.

I hope that the material I have collected will be useful to you and you will knit fashionable and beautiful hats, and do not forget to brag about them in the comments or in my groups on social networks.

Have you ever had this: you knit a hat strictly according to the description, from exactly the same yarn, and the hat is either large or small? We have to dissolve and bandage. To prevent this from happening again, I suggest you learn how to calculate the number of loops for a rounded hat specifically for your knitting density, your pattern, and according to your measurements. The calculation can be used to knit hats for both an adult and a child, knitting and crocheting.

To calculate the loops, you need to take only three measurements.

We measure the circumference of the head along the line above the eyebrows and along the most convex part of the head at the back. Subtract 2-3 cm from the resulting number in tension.

Next, calculate the loops for an elastic band - tie a sample of the desired elastic and calculate the number of loops per head circumference. The sample should be measured in a slightly stretched state. An elastic band should be knitted 2-3 cm, and then move on to the main pattern.

For the main pattern, you also need to calculate the loops, for which a sample of the pattern is knitted and the required number of loops is calculated. From the resulting number of loops of the main pattern, you need to subtract the number of loops of the elastic, the resulting number of loops must be evenly distributed along the length of the entire elastic for increments in the first row, knitting two from one loop through an equal number of loops.

The bottom of the hat.

Cap bottom: divide the head circumference by 3.14, we get the diameter of the cap bottom. The radius of the cap is half of the value obtained. Knowing the radius of the cap, we can calculate the offsets to zero. On a knitted sample, we measure the radius of the cap and count the number of rows. For this number of rows, we need to subtract almost all loops to zero. We divide the number of loops into rows and get the number of loops that need to be subtracted in each row. It is better to reduce the double number of loops through a row (or make decreases even after 3-4 rows), so the bottom will turn out to be more rounded. The remaining loops on the knitting needles after the decreases need to be pulled together with a thread in a circle.

Another option for knitting the bottom is to decrease the loops of the bottom of the cap with even wedges, or in a spiral. In this case, the number of bottom loops is divided into several parts (wedges). Decreases of the bottom by the number of loops in a row are calculated in the same way. For even wedges of the bottom of the cap, the last loop of the wedge and the first loop of the next wedge are knitted together. For spiral wedges, knit two stitches together at the end of each wedge.

Cap height.

We start knitting the height of the cap with the main pattern. To do this, take two measurements: from the earlobe through the crown to the second earlobe, and the second measurement from the neck to the forehead (to the point of the forehead where the cap will end). We choose the largest measure for calculations and divide it in half. From the obtained number of centimeters, it is necessary to subtract the radius of the bottom of the hat, we get the height of the hat in centimeters, which we will knit before the start of the descent (knitting the bottom of the hat).

An example of calculating loops for knitting a hat:

Head circumference 48 cm - 3 cm in tension \u003d 45 cm.

In the sample of the main drawing, we calculate the number of loops in 10 cm, I have 25 loops.

So on the hat you need to dial 45cm * 25p / 10 \u003d 112 loops.

You can slightly adjust the final number of loops depending on the pattern repeat. Similarly, we calculate the number of loops per elastic.

We calculate the bottom: the head circumference is 45cm / 3.14 \u003d 14 cm - this is the diameter, we divide by 2, we get the bottom radius equal to 7 cm.

From the earlobe to the other earlobe through the crown of the head 37 cm.

From neck to forehead 35 cm.

In the knitted sample, we calculate how many rows are 7 cm (bottom radius) - I have 17 rows.

112 sts / 17 rows \u003d 6 stitches must be reduced in each row when knitting the bottom, or 12 stitches in every second row.

Pull the remaining 10 loops with a thread in the last row.

According to this calculation of loops, a hat for the spring-autumn for a child of 3 - 4 years old was tied:

Good afternoon, today's our topic is this is KNITTING HATS ... I will show you the most beautiful models women's hats for the winter of 2016-2017 and I will tell you exactly how they are connected ... In this article I will reveal to you general principle of knitting women's hats and berets(both crochet and knitting). You can already n about one photo to understand exactly how this hat is connected... and LEARN without diagrams and descriptions to figure out for yourself what and in what sequence you need to do in order to end up knitting just such a winter hat as in the photo.

Today we will knit ...

• caps-caps on the needles (elongated and over the head)
• beret hats on knitting needles and crochet (lush and not so)
• women's turban hats (I will show one easy way on knitting needles)
• knitted hats with brims and visors (I will tell you in detail how to make brims)
• winter hats with graceful soft cuffs
• and sun-dried woolen hats with designs like an English lady.

So let's start knitting our fall and winter hats.

Let's start with the simplest ones ... and move on as the task gets more complicated.

Women's hats SIMPLE KNITTING ...

(cut CAP)

The fastest hat to knit is when you just chose one simple pattern (elastic band, English elastic band, knitting-rice) ... And drive almost all (or even all) part of the canvas in one pattern. Starting from the top of the head - in each row we begin to decrease the loops, and when 15-20 loops remain on the knitting needles - we pull a thread through them - and simply pull them into one bundle-point at the back of the head. According to this principle, the hat in the photo below is tied - (25 rows of knitting of the "rice" pattern ... and 15 rows of purl loops with a decrease).

And in the same knit with the "rice" pattern - it would be nice to knit a cozy snoody scarf (yoke).

In such a RUNNING PATTERN (of the same type) can be connected as dense winter hat (on the head in a sticky) ... So and loose spacious knitted hat model. You can decorate a woman's hat with one or two fur pom-poms.

Can be knitted CAP-CAP - as in the photo below ... She looks best when it has a fairly wide (16-20 rows) elastic band... With a narrow elastic band, such a hat is not suitable for anyone ... as it visually cuts off the skull. A wide elastic band, on the contrary, visually stretches the oval of the face ... opens the forehead and gives volume.

To knit any hat pattern precise knitting pattern in principle, and is not needed ... Since all the hats in the world are knitted according to the general principle. Here below I give a general knitting pattern for caps... And just below I will give a knitting pattern for all berets.

GENERAL KNITTING SCHEME

for any caps.

Such caps-caps can be knitted in a simple pattern WITHOUT A PATTERN ... or according to the RELIEF or Openwork pattern... Choose any pattern with knitting needles on some site ... and go.

Step 1 - START KNITTING

Firstand we knit an elastic band (in 12-15 rows) and further ( without adding loops on the needles) we knit the already patterned fabric of the cap. We get a model similar to photo of the purple cap above.

Or after tying the elastic we can add loops on the needles... and our canvas will begin to expand ... and we will get a model of a fluffy cap (like on the pink model from the photo above ).

An important rule of thumb for adding loops.

When adding loops when knitting a hat with a pattern only one thing is important - the total number of stitches on the knitting needles must be DIVIDED BY the pattern REPORT (by the number of stitches that are repeated in the pattern-pattern) ...

For example, the report (repeat) of our pattern is equal to 8 loops ... which means that the total number of loops on the needles should be divisible by 8 ... For example, there should be 160 ... or 168 ... or 176 loops ... (edge-edge loops do not count).

Step 2 - MAIN KNITTING.

Further, when the loops are added we begin to knit a pattern ... repeating the reports ...
We drive the patterned canvas to rows 40, if you want the usual size of the hat ... (here it also depends on the thickness of the threads) Trying on the head ... in the process of knitting you yourself will understand when it is enough to drive in a straight line and it is time to narrow the fabric at the crown. (You can run such a patterned cloth longer, so that the cap is taller ... or finish earlier, so that the cap flows around the head, and does not stick out or hang down - everything is to your taste)

Step 3 - FINISHING THE HAT .

Then when our hat approaching the back of the head (or to the length you intended) ... we begin to close the loops 4 each (or 6 ... or 8) in each row - the more you close the loops in a row, the faster your knitting will end. Since knitting is considered complete when 16-20 loops remain on the needles

An important rule of thumb is to REDUCE loops.

We know that the number of loops on the needles becomes smaller if knit two loops together (as one) ... But in order for the decrease in the loops to be UNIFORMAL, you need to do this decrease in any places ... and in certain sectors of the cap ... (so that these decreasing places are at the same distance from each other). That is, we divide the entire circumference of the cap into sectors (as with a knife we \u200b\u200bdivide a round cake into equal pieces) ... usually an even number of sectors can be 6 ... or 8 or 10 ...

If you have a hat with a pattern (in which some drawing-report is repeated) - then the drawing itself can be a sector ... Then we do the reduction in a certain (of your choice) place of the pattern - and so in each repetition of the pattern, we knit two loops together as one.

This is how it looks in the process sectorial reduction of loops when knitting any hat or beret ... (it doesn't matter if you knit it on two knitting needles or on circular ones).

for instance - we have 160 loops on the needles - and we have reached the top of our hat and we need to make a decrease. We decide to make the decrease evenly in 10 places of each row ... So we need to divide our cap into 10 sectors.

Then we divide 160 by 10 and get the number 16 ... (that is, mentally divide the hat into sectors - 16 loops in each sector). And that means further we ...

In our first decreasing row we will knit at the end of each 16-loop two loops together (that is, we hook each 15th and 16th together and knit as one) ...

In the second decreasing row there are one fewer loops left in the sector (and we will already pick up every 14th + 15th loops in a row)….

In the third decreasing row - in each sector there are even fewer loops (and we will knit together every 13th and 14th loop).

That's it - now you can complete the knitting.

We collect these remaining loops on a thread… We pull the thread, collecting all the loops into a bundle and tie it on a knot (we hide the ends of the knot inside). Closing the back seam of our hat... and you're done.

LITTLE coarse knit hat ...

If you knit a cap-cap on thick knitting needles and thick threads ... then it is better to make it LITTLE - ON THE HEAD ... and wear it slightly thrown back (that is, not pushing it over the forehead).

The principle of knitting is as follows small LOW hat- exactly the same as that of a high cap-cap ... It's just the FRONT REGION knitted fabric will not be so long ... that is, early on we go to the MACUS part with its loop-and-diminishing rows.

Knitted hats - WITH EARS.

HAT WITH EARS No. 1 (dark gray in the photo below) You can knit the ears separately and then sew them to the desired place of the already finished knitted hat.

HAT WITH EARS No. 2 (light gray in the photo above) - we knit a hat in the form of a pipe - without decreasing the loops on the crown, and then we simply close the loops and sew the front and back of the cap together in a straight line. To have the top of the pipe flattened (and sewn this flattened edge)

And then the corners of this straight seam we turn into ears. To do this, we make a seam with threads. DIAGONALLY cutting off this corner.We make a seam with a thread, pierce through both layers (front and back) and not with a needle, but with an ordinary crochet hook, thread the thread back and forth. Thus, our corner will not be pulled over the head like the whole hat, but stick out like a separate ear. And from the other corner of our flattened and stitched pipe of the cap, we make out the same eyelet, in the same way.

Or such ears can be conceived on knitted hat with braids - with a lush relief pattern. It is easy to do it yourself.

Knitted HATS with knitting needles - WITH BRAIDS.

LARGE RELIEF KNITTING "BRAID" looks very beautiful on women's hats

Moreover braids can be placed vertically (as on the ash-pink hat from the photo below).

Or you can make the longitudinal knitting of the cap - not from the forehead to the crown, but along the side line (along the circumference of the head) - and then our braids will be be horizontal left to right - like on the gray hat with the photo below.

KNITTED HATS -

WITH BREAKERS and BANDS.

Fashionable hats with brim - reminiscent of graceful hats - so feminine, ideal under an elegant coat with flirty gloves ... Under loose curly hair

Sometimes the margins are knitted SEPARATELY and then sewn to the edge of the finished hat ...

Sometimes, in order to give such fields the necessary rigidity, special blank fields are cut out of felt ... and inserted inside the fields folded in half (like a bookmark in a booklet). This is exactly what is done on the knitted hat with the photo below.

Try to make the same (as in the photo above) fields on your hat - it's easy to do it yourself ...

Step 1 (preparatory)

First, knit a hat ... Then cut out of felt a shape resembling a donut (pancake with a hole)... the inside edge of the donut hole should be the same size as your head circumference and the edge of your hat.

Step 2 (knitting )

Then on the needles we will knit DIRECT (rectangular fabric patterned elastic).

To do this, we collect so many loops ... so that the future canvas is equal to the length of the OUTER circumference of a felt donut (you can measure it with a centimeter or a school formula) ...

The length of the cloth should be twice as wide as the thickness of the donut - in order to wrap the donut with it from the bottom and from the top (since the knitted fields at the hat go both above and below) ... That is, we knit the cloth and from time to time we try it on to the width of the cut out donut - we wrap the donut barrel from the lower and upper sides and see how many more rows are missing ... we knit to the desired length.

Step 3 (stapling )
When the canvas is tied (that is, it has reached a sufficient width for wrapping and sewing a "blank donut" into it) - we are on our canvas close the hinges ... remove it from the knitting needle.

We wrap our felt bagel with a knitted fabric ... so so that the fold of the canvas is on the OUTSIDE edgea donut ... and the connecting seam of the doubled canvas went along the inner edge of the donut of the fields was ... (that is, we immediately wrapped and sew the halves of our canvas along the inner edge of the donut)

And then along the edge of the same seam n we sew our ready-made fields to the finished hat. And that's all. You can now crochet a beautiful lush flower and sew it on the side of your hat.

Another way to make the fields on a knitted hat.

And in the fashionable model of a light beige hat (with the photo below) - the fields are formed by themselves when bending to the FLOOR knitted classic elastic (one front, one purl). it's easy to do it yourself.

That is, we knit an elastic band for a hat twice as longwhat fields should be ... and then bend it in half. We slightly stretch the bend with our hands in breadth so that it protrudes with a visor.

Sometimes a fishing line is inserted into such a bulging bend of the elastic - this is done so that the edges of the fields do not wrinkle from toes, but always remain even and elastic.

Sometimes a corset tape is put inside the bend - for rigidity (the tape with which the trousers are hemmed at the bottom) - and with sewing threads (tone on tone) neatly and imperceptibly sewn through stitches through the edge of the fields.

And here is a hat with WIDE lapels-brim .

Here the lapel is knitted in the shape of a bell ... which has two sides (the inner one is light and the outer one is dark). Now we will make it with our own hands.

Such a hat need to knit starting from the back of the head... that is, from top to bottom (since it will be convenient to adjust the range of the fields ... and if something happens, it will be convenient to dissolve them and knit again ....

A simple knitting pattern for this WIDE TWO-COLOR BANDED HAT ...

1. Knitting of this black hat with white brims - we start from the top ... just knit a straight fabric (or a straight pipe, if on circular knitting needles) ... The fabric of this pipe should be long enough to cover the head from crown to forehead.
2. We turn to white threads - and expanding dramatically canvas from the edge of the forehead (adding loops in each row). A shape similar to a bell is formed (we reach the very edge of the fields - trying on in front of the mirror to decide whether this width of fields is enough for us). We tied the white side of the fields (the one that is visible in the photo).
3. We change the threads to black and we already knit the TIGHTENING in the opposite direction (decreasing the same number of loops in each row as we added before). ... this will be the reverse side of the flap of the fields (dark) which is not visible, hidden-turned away in the photo.
4. It turns out a structure in the form of ... first a narrow black pipe .... then the expanding white part ... and then the tapering black part.
5. At the widest point of the canvas (where white turns into black again) we fold the canvas in half (we folded the fields of the cap in half ... And we sew this folding, fasten it with threads - we fix this double sandwich of the fields.
6. And then there is only sew the top crown seam of the cap - fold it with an envelope as seen in the photo and fasten it with threads ... and (if we knitted not on circular knitting needles) we make the back seam of the cap.

Note - if you knit such a hat from thick, dense threads, then the fields can not be made DUAL - they will turn out to be dense and upright without it .

(If suddenly it is not clear explained - write in the comments, I will explain in more detail and even draw ... and maybe even calculate the number of rows and loops in a row).

Knitted hat with crochet brim.

And here is a MULTI-COLORED hat, which is tied with a HOOK. Crochet fields are generally easy to crochet. There is no need to be smart here - just drive the columns in a circle, sharply adding their number in the fields.

And then, at the very edge of the fields (in the last rows), you need to slightly reduce the number of columns so that the cap itself asks for a neat upward bend.

KNITTED HATS -

WITH SOFT CREWS.

Knitted cap margins can be soft and easy to TURN TO THE HAT… Then we have an elegant lapel on the knitted cap.

Here in the photo below we see an example of how a SINGLE SIDE Lapel is made.
How exactly it was made, I think, is clear to everyone.

First knits top crown of the hat... And then we knit the flap itself as a separate long bladeon the needles (similar to a scarf). There is only one pattern - we knit all the time from the front and from the wrong side alone face loops ... we get a ribbed pattern (it is thanks to this ribbing of the pattern that our fields keep their shape well).

Buttonholes are optional - we simply overlap the edges of the canvas ... and sew on buttons for decorative purposes.

Here comes the front lapel ... The hat is knitted on two knitting needles (without an elastic band) so that the canvas itself wraps itself up with a beautiful knuckle up. The pattern looks like RICE ...

And here is the lapel, which is uniform around the entire circumference of the cap. It is decorated with a neat flower.

Hat with cuffs - made of soft angora.

And here is another fashionable hat - in it we see a non-standard circular knitting - and the direction of the knitted fabric goes across - this made it possible to come up with such beautiful lapel fields.

Here the direction of knitting is HORIZONTAL (and apparently trapezoidal)... which is then sewn into a hat (if suddenly something superfluous is connected) you can always correct it with scissors (roughly) and close the cut with threads.

To be sure, we can first do a test mockup of a hat from a piece of old sheet (to guess its shape) ... then knit the canvas according to the shape of the layout ... and fold such a hat.

Better yet ..... knit such a hat ON SIZE MORE ... and therefore REDUCE-DUMP it (like a felt boot) in hot water (40 degrees) in washing machine... The knit will immediately become very thickened - the hat will become denser and one size smaller.

I will tell you more about the FALLING RULES right now using the example of the following two hats.

KNITTED HATS WITH LEFT LEFT - dried.

See what fashionable sun-dried hats you can knit ... and felted in the washing machine.

They knit first bigger sizethan necessary. Then washed in hot water and the wool shrinks decreases by 30% and the hat becomes plump and warm like a soft felt fabric.

I will say in advance that both gray and pink hats are knitted according to the same instructions - this is the same model, just the manual drapery of the fields (with the help of hat pins) is slightly different.

A detailed description of the knocked over hats from the photo above.

(gray and red hat).

Material and product characteristics.

200 g of yarn Wash + Filz-it! Fine

(100% wool, 50 g \\ 100 meters No. 00120

circular needles No. 5, stocking needles No. 5
Buckle + pin, brooch, buttons (for finishing hat brims).

Product size before felting: head circumference 70 cm, height 26.5 cm.

Product size after felting: head circumference 54, height 20 cm.

Before starting work- you should knit a sample from the purchased yarn - mark a 10 by 10 cm square on it with a bright thread. Then dump this sample in the washing machine and check how it decreases.

According to the declared yarn - the density of the knit before and after felting must match the following:

Knitting density before felting: 10 x 10 cm \u003d 16 stitches and 22 rows

Knitting density after felting: 10 x 10 cm \u003d 20 stitches 29 rows

And if your data is different (and this may be due to a different yarn, too tight knit, or vice versa, your habit of knitting loosely and sweepingly), then you need to dial the number of loops on the knitting needles a little different. In accordance with how your prototype differs from the one presented above.

In order not to peer into the small print and encrypted abbreviations, I decided to paint step by step and along the ranks the whole knitting process and cap assembly.

STEP 1 - Knit the main part of the brim.

We start knitting from the fields - that is, we collect 124 loops on the circular knitting needles and knit circular rows with the front stitch. 20 rows in a circle. And we get the direct part of the fields (gray shading on the pattern of the fields). And we will only have to connect that part of the fields, which will be an elongated triangular shape on the pattern from the diagram below.

STEP 2 - start changing the shape of the fields

(narrow on one side and wide on the other).

At a height of 9 cm (\u003d after 20 circular rows) we knit short rows - every second row we will decrease by 10 loops. This is necessary so that our fields turn out to be different in level - on the one hand, our field will turn out to be wider (there will be more rows), and on the other hand, our hat field will be narrow (in the place where we reduced every second row by 10 loops). Now you will learn how to do this and understand how it will look.

I decided paint each rowwhich you knit - so that you can knit without bothering your brain by strictly repeating the steps described below.

So, at a height of 9 cm (after 20 circular rows) we knit short rows as follows.

We have on the needles the front side of 124 loops. We start to knit 21st circular row but we knit this row not to the end, but to the last 10 stitches of the row(that is, we do not knit all 124 loops that are on the knitting needles, but only 114 front loops) , after which we stop and we need to turn the work backwards (so that the seamy side of knitting is already looking at us) and we can knit in the opposite side of the circle.

And in this opposite direction we do 1 yarn over right needle and we knit the 22nd row – the same 114 loops, reduced in number, but with the purl stitch... We tied this amount to the end and we unfold our knitting again to the front side to knit the next 23rd row. This is what it looks like in the drawing (I hope I drew it clearly).

On this front side and knit 23rd front row - but we also knit not all 114 loops - and again we turn the knitting before reaching 10 loops to the end. That is, in the 23rd row, we must knit 104 face loops... And turn to the seamy side - to knit on it 24th row - purl 104 (before each purl row, do not forget to make 1 yarn over the right knitting needle). And we turn around again to the front side.

25th row we also do not knit 10 loops to the end - we stop at knitted Knit 94- and turn to the wrong side. Where we knit already 26 row - purl 94 loops.And we turn again to the front side.

This 27th row we also do not knit up to 10 purl loops - that is, we only knit 84 front loops.We turn knitting to the wrong side and knit Purl 28 - 84 sts.And again we turn to the front side.

This 29th row we still reduce by 10 loops - that is, we only knit 74 face loops, and unfold knitting to the reverse seamy side, and knit 30 row - 74 purl loops.We return to the front.

This 31 row - we again reduce by 10 loops - that is, we only knit 64 face loops... Turn inside out - we knit 32 row - 64 purl loops... We return to the front side.

This 33 row 54 face loops 34th row - 54 purl loops. Expand to the front side.

This 35 row - we again reduce the stitching by 10 loops - we only knit 44 face loops... Turn inside out and knit 36th row - 44 purl loops. We return to the front side.

This 37 row - we again reduce the stitching by 10 loops - we only knit 34 face loops... Turn inside out and knit Row 38 - Purl 34.We turn to the front side.

This Row 39 - for the last time we reduce the knitting by 10 loops - we knit only 24 face loops... Turn inside out and knit 40th row - 24 purl loops. And after that we unroll the knitting for the last time with the right side facing us. This was the last short row. We returned to the front side.

And we can continue now our usual circular knitting - together with all 124 stitches in a row.

STEP 3 - we knit the main dome of the cap.

So, we have 124 loops on the needles, the already connected fields hang from the needles (on one side of the circle, the fields are wider 40 rows high, on the other, narrower 21 rows high.). Now we will knit the hat itself - the part that is pulled over the head.

The first thing we need to do is to tighten the transition from the brim to the dome of the hat. To do this, we knit each loop together with a yarn.

One way to close the buttonhole is with a crochet hook.

So, we closed 12 loops - which means we have 112 loops left on the needles. Of these, we will knit the dome of the cap.

We translate these loops from circular knitting needles 4 stocking needles - 28 loops on each of the four knitting needles. And we knit in a circle, 30 front rows up. (Our knit rises another 13.5 cm (excluding margins).

Now we stopped and marked every 14th loop on our knitting (you can thread red ribbons between every 14th loop). We will need these marks (there will be 8 of them) in order to properly reduce the cap (narrow the dome).

We marked and in the next circular row we knit each 14th loop together with the previous one (that is, we knit 13 and 14 together). As a result, we have 104 loops left on the needles.

Next, we knit like this.
In every 4th row - repeat the decrease (we knit a loop marked with a ribbon together with the previous loop). We do this 3 times... (That is, 3 rows are simple, 4 are subtracted - 3 rows are simple, 4 are subtracted and 3 more rows are simply 4 subtracted - three such runs). As a result, we have left on the needles 80 loops.

Now we subtract more.

In each 2nd row, we make the same decrease (in the same places marked with a red ribbon). We repeat 6 times. That is, we alternate 12 rows one simply + one decreasing. As a result, we have left on the needles 32 loops.

And now we come to the end of knitting.

Three rows in a row we make a decrease - in each row. In the same places marked with a ribbon. And on the needles we have 8 loops left.

We finish knitting: cut the thread, stretch the tail of the thread through these last 8 loops. and tighten it tight. We fasten the end of the thread in the body of the hat (using a crochet hook).

STEP 4 - roll the hat

in the washing machine

+ we form its final form.

And here detailed description how such hats, knitted of wool, can be DROPPED IN THE WASHING MACHINE ...

1. Place the header in a washing bag.
2. We fall asleep in the washing machine powder for washing colored laundry... DO NOT add softener or detergent for woollens.
3. We choose mode - delicate wash (it is with a large flow of water - this is what we need). The mode for washing wool is NOT NECESSARY.
4. Setting the temperature 40 degrees.
5. Best with a hat in a typewriter shove something rude (like jishes or towels) to create extra friction.
6. We start washing - as a result of which the product will decrease by 1 \\ 3 (that is, by 30%) After that, we take it out - squeeze it out and STRETCH wet it to the size of our head ... (so that it remembers this shape) ...
7. and then we put on the MOLD where it will dry. It is, of course, clear that you do not have hat blanks in your household - n oh can you find a substitute for it - for example, a child's ball of a suitable size or a three-liter jar (to increase the size of the jar, you can wrap it with several layers of newspaper, fix it with tape and put on a bag for cleanliness) - put on a hat and leave it until it dries completely.
8. After you have pulled the hat onto the disc, you must level its brim - pull the brim so that on one side they are 9 cm, and on the other 15 cm.
9. AND WHILE THE CAP IS DRYED, we do its styling. ...

Here is a photograph to help you. We approach the mirror and try to lay the fields as shown in the photo. The instructions say:

Styling for a gray hat: Align the margins (9 cm and 15 cm). Tuck the brim up (both the short and long sides. Take the edge of the short, rolled up brim and turn it half down. Pin this place with a hat pin (buckle + stick).

Crocheting both summer and winter hats must be started from the top of the head, from the very first small circular row. The entire subsequent process will directly depend on the hat model you want to knit. It will depend on how you start knitting the bottom appearance already finished product. If you are a beginner in this business, you will first have to master the technique of performing two main types of top of a hat - for a model that has a rounded shape and a flat bottom (skullcap, beret, hat). Remember that knitting any model of a hat not only has its own characteristics, but also requires special dexterity, skills and patience!

How can you knit the bottom of a hat without difficulty
Preparatory stage

Before you knit the bottom of the hats of any model, you need to think over everything to the smallest detail. For example, choose the model, color and yarn of the headdress (as a rule, the hat should be combined with some element of clothing or accessory) and be sure to make preliminary calculations of the knitting process.

By the way, it would be appropriate to say a few words about yarn: the yarn must certainly match the knitting and style. Remember that the pattern will look more spectacular if you choose a bulky and thick yarn. It is worth picking up a hook or knitting needles for this yarn.

After that, before knitting the hat, remove the measurements and make a pattern. You definitely need to know the volume of the head and how many centimeters from the crown of the cap to the crown of the head

In order for the hat not to fit tightly to the head, you need to add 1-2 cm. Particular attention should be paid to the crown. After the required calculations for the pattern, you can safely proceed to knitting, in which, first of all, we knit the bottom.

The ideal, of course, is the method of constantly trying on during the knitting process. Well, if it's impossible, what to do?

Hat bottom: divide the head circumference / girth by Pi (3.14) and get the diameter of the cap bottom. If the pattern is stretched, then the diameter of the bottom is calculated as follows: divide the circumference / girth of the head by the number Pi (3.14) and subtract 1.5-2cm. Practical advice: if we crochet, starting from the top of the head, then before reaching the required diameter of the hat, we alternate the last two rows with increments with rows without increments, for example, a hat with earflaps

Hat height: divide the head circumference / girth by 3, plus 3cm and we get a hat with the height that covers the ears. Practical advice: for a hat without ears, we knit the last 3-4 rows with a crochet / needles one number less than the number of the hook / needles used when knitting the main part of the hat, so that it fits snugly to the head and does not slip, or we knit these 3-4 rows a little denser.

The circumference of the child's head, if it is not possible to try on, can be approximately determined from the table:

Length of the product

The head circumference just needs to be divided by three. If we have a skullcap hat that barely reaches the ears, we don't make any increments at all. If the hat is up to the middle of the ear, add 1.5-2 cm, if the ears need to be closed completely, then the increase will be 3 cm.

Experience has shown that the calculation turned out to be correct.

What height should the hat be tied before the start of the decrease, how long should the decrease be done? Or if you knit from the top of the head - what diameter should the bottom be, so that then the desired volume of the cap is obtained?

So, in order to calculate the knitting of a children's hat, it is necessary to determine three values.

1. Measure the circumference at the widest point of the head. Then subtract about 4-6.5 cm, depending on how tight the hat should sit and how much the pattern stretches that will knit the hat. This will be A.
2. Measure the length from the crown of the head to the forehead (just above the eyebrows) - B.
3. Using a calculator, divide the measurement A by 3.142. You will get a measure B, which determines the diameter of the bottom of the cap, necessary to obtain a given volume.

Sometimes, for example, to crochet a round bag or the bottom of a hat, we need to knit a circle. How to knit an even circle without gathers and shuttlecocks? Very simple! There are patterns for knitting a circle with columns, half-columns and double crochets, and the number of additions is already clearly calculated in them, so the circle will turn out to be what you need.

Knitting a flat circle.

1. Circle with single crochet.

If the circle is knitted with single crochets, then knitting begins with three air loops. Then, 6 single crochet stitches are knitted into the last loop from the hook. Next, knit in a circle in a spiral with the addition of 6 columns in each row.


2.Circle with half columns.

Knitting begins with 4 air loops, which are closed in a circle with a half-column. They make 2 air lifting loops and knit 7 more strong columns inside the ring from air loops. They close the row with a half-column and make lifting loops again. Then they knit, adding 8 strong columns in each row.


3. Circle with double crochets.

Knitting begins with 5 air loops, close them in a circle with a half-column. They make 3 air lifting loops and knit 11 more columns into a ring, with lifting loops it turns out 12. They close the row with a half-column and make lifting loops again. Then knit, adding 12 double crochets in each row.


Methods for making increments.

Knitting can be mentally divided into wedges according to the number of columns in the first row. For single crochets, this is 6 wedges, for strong posts - 8, and for posts with crochets - 12 wedges. Increases are made in several ways, which give a variety of bottom shapes.

1.The increase is always performed on the last column of the wedge and we get symmetrical wedges with a noticeable line of increases between them.
2. The increase is performed on the first column of the wedge - symmetrical wedges are also obtained, which are slightly rounded to the right, also with a noticeable line of increases.
In the first and second cases, a visible angle will be formed and instead of a circle, a polygon will be obtained. However, this gives the hat additional options.
3. The additions are performed in each wedge so that they are not located one above the other. The easiest way to shift increases is to knit 2 stitches in a loop immediately after the increase in the previous row. In this case, a flat circle with no visible corners is obtained.