Crochet. Knitting on the needles: history and interesting facts from what knit

Virgo Maria behind knitting. Bertrand Ston Minden. Altar from the bruty station.

From ancient Egypt to this day.

In recent years, knitting in our country has been widespread, has become fashionable. Our modern clothes are simple, harmonious, convenient and easy and, as a rule, the same type. When practical with knitting clothes appear in your wardrobe, you can wear it and on weekdays, and on vacation, and in solemn events. Knitted shawl, scarf, sweater, sweater, hat, lace trim, belt and other items, complementing your clothes ensemble, make it more interesting, attractive.

For many women, knitting is not only the opportunity to create something new, original, but often with modern, the pace of life and nervous loads, and the need for careless rest, which contributes to the uniform rhythm of knitting.

Knitting — Production of knitted canvas or finished products from continuous threads bending them into a loop that intertwined each other. There are manual knitting (crocheted or knitting) and machinery (on knitwear).

The history of knitting.

Who and when he invented the first looting, no one knows, but it has long been known that this miracle looping was born long before our era. In Egypt, a children's knitted shoe was found in one of the tombs, archaeologists found that she was more than four thousand years old. And at the beginning of our era, the technique and principles of knitting were at a very high level. For example, an excellent multicolor silk dress associated with metal spokes was found in the area of \u200b\u200bOld Cairo. Preserved copies of knitted things dating from 9 and 10th centuries of our era.

Knitted socks found in the Coptic tombs are dating 4 - 5 centuries., The most ancient (3rd, the era of Prato-Nasco) knitted things of the new light are found in Peru. The high quality of the performance of things from the graves of the Copts suggests that the knitting technique was known much earlier. In 1867, William Felkin highlighted the hypothesis that knitting was known during the Trojan war. According to Felkina, the doctor that Penelope's heroine dismissed every night, actually did not weave, but knit, since only in the latter case the flush thread is not deformed, and the process itself requires a little time. The fact that the "Odyssey" uses the term "textile" Felkin explained the inaccuracy of translation and correspondence errors. Images on the ancient Greek vases of prisoners of the Trojans in narrow, tight pants, give grounds to some researchers to assert that knitting was known to the Greeks. It is possible that the prophet Daniel depicted in the Kellsk book is closed in narrow pants connected by AranSkimuszor.

In Scandinavia, a technique was practiced in the Epoch of Vikings, called in Russia at the end of the 20th century knitting needle. A more time-consuming type of creating a wooden or bone needle, which, unlike knitted with crocheted or knitting needles, cannot be dissolved by pulling the thread tip. This technique persisted in the Russian north before the beginning of the 20th century under the original name - "Copane". Archaeological finds of fragments of things performed in this technique from England (Coppergate), Finland (Cocomatic), Germany (Mammen), Norway (Oslo), Russia (Novgorod) are dating 10-11 centuries. The methods of "knitting" needle numbers about thirty. On excavations, only small things were found in this technique (mittens, socks, headbands). Scientists explain this circumstance by the fact that the needle is a rather slow process, the process is not so winning as woven, and the working thread was pretty short, and had to do a lot of compounds, which reduced the strength of the canvas. The tradition of knitting the needle was maintained in areas with a harsh climate until the end of the 20th century.

In Central and Southern Europe dates back to the 13th century. In the tombs of the princes from the genus De La Card in the abbey of Santa Maria La Real de Las Hulgas, knitted silk threads of gloves and pillowcases were found. Moreover, the density of the knitted cloth of pillowcase is comparable to the density of modern knitting knitting - about twenty loops per inch.

In the 16th century in Spain, knitting stocking was widely widespread, then fashion came to knitted gloves. The first guild, uniting knitters, was created in Paris in 1527. The knitting machine for the manufacture of stockings was in England Priest William Lee in 1589.

Interestingly, knitting first was a male craft, and men fought with women's competition with special treaties. In 1612, Prague banknotes said that under the fear of money recovery would not be hired by any woman! Only later, when knitting is widely spread, they began to engage in primarily women. And still a man did not lose interest in knitting. In 1946, a National American Competition for Knitting Hook won a man, and the prize is a golden hook - he was presented in person to Este Lauder.

Starting from the 16th century, knitted lace, the objects of clothing and household goods went to "walk in Europe", and in the 19th century it was a truly jewelry. Knitted products of the time preserved in museums and private houses admire beauty and grace, are affecting labor consideration and skill. The greatest development of knitted lace was obtained in Ireland. Taking the example of very expensive Brussels lace, which they were not affordable, the poor and illiterate Irish peasants brought the art of knitted lace to the level of masterpieces. The so-called Irish lace and to this day at a great price.

In countries with a harsh climate, women spent long winter evenings, having a warm, beautiful and original clothes for households. Yuzhanki flew from the sun with hats, umbrellas, sails and gloves related to their own hands, which did not require high costs for their manufacture - only threads and hook. Having these accessories can be associated anything: tablecloths, napkins, bedding, clothing, shoes and toys, curtains on windows and towels, rugs, bags, hats and gloves, blankets, bedspreads and pillows, even some furniture and jewelry.

What to knit

In the manufacture of knitted products, the choice of yarn is of paramount importance. Currently, there are a large number of threads for knitting, differing in color, composition, invoice, etc.

Below is a description of some types of yarn, which can be used when knitting domestic slippers.

The most popular knitting yarn is woolen. It is used when knitting and crochet, and on the needles. Cotton threads are also very popular.

Acrylic - synthetic fiber, in many properties close to wool. Products from yarn with acrylic are less falling, they are comfortable and warm, not damaged by mol.

The yarn from a mixture of acrylic with natural fibers connects the best quality of natural fibers and synthetics - it is soft, warm, fluffy and at the same time durable, the product is well passed by air, keeps the form, does not sit down and does not stretch.

Bamboo (bamboo fiber) is a kind of viscose, where wood is used as a raw material, and bamboo. Bamboo fiber softer cotton, has a light glitter and quality resembles silk. It is very durable, has a high wear resistance.

Knitted products from bamboo do not cause irritation and have natural antimicrobial properties, since the bamboo fiber contains a component. Preventing bacteria reproduction.

In addition, bamboo fibers are distinguished by the porous structure, due to which the moisture is instantly absorbed by the web and evaporates. The knitted product from bamboo yarn gives the body to cool and the convenience of hot summer, does not lose its original color and does not change the size after washing.

The bamboo yarn may be homogeneous in composition or produced in a mixture with cotton, polyamide, wool.

Viscose is a soft, pleasant to the touch fiber, which has a high color intensity and soft glitter. The composition of the viscose is close to natural cotton fiber. Among its positive properties, high air and moisture permeability can be distinguished. Products from viscose in the heat give a feeling of coolness.

The disadvantages of the viscose include the low elasticity of its fibers, which is why it is often quite pulled out, especially after washing.

For knitting in the pure form of viscise, it is infrequent, as a rule, it is used in a mixture with cotton or nylon.

Lurex is a brilliant thread, which is a thin strip of film, metallized or coated with foil. Lurex is added to the yarn to give a metal gloss effect. Alone, the filaments of Lurex are practically not used because of their hardness and fragility.

Nylon is a synthetic fiber, which is used as part of various types of yarn in order to increase strength, wear resistance, as well as to reduce shrinkage after washing.

Polyamide - synthetic fiber, characterized by high tensile strength and excellent wear resistance. Polyamide is resistant to many chemical reagents, well resists biochemical effects, painted by many dyes. The main advantage of polyamide yarn is its high formability - the products from it do not lose forms when wet and dry operation, do not require special care.

The disadvantages of this fiber include its high electricity, instability to light effects, low hygiene properties.

Polyester - synthetic fiber from polyester group. The products made of polyester yarn are soft and pleasant to the touch, the air is well passed, keep warm.

Most often, this type of fiber is used in a mixture with wool, cotton, flax and viscose. At the same time, the wear resistance and elasticity of knitwear are significantly increased and all positive qualities of natural fiber are preserved.

You can also use 100% polyester yarn for knitting.

Spandex fibers can be stretched to length, which is four to-seven times higher than their original, and when the stretching force disappears, fiber, as a spring, returns to the original state.

Spandex (Lycra) is an artificial fiber of increased elasticity.

Spandex is used only in small quantities in combination with other types of fibers (both natural and synthetic). One or two percent of the spandex in the product to change its properties.

Cotton is a natural yarn consisting of thin short soft fluffy fibers.

Cotton skips well and absorbs moisture. By strength, cotton yarn is inferior to linen or silk, but surpasses woolen. Cotton is well painted and practically does not fade, comfortable and pleasant in the sock, soft, but is durable, resistant to abrasion and rupture, hygienic. The disadvantages of cotton: it will be easily, tends to shrink, quickly wet and dries long.

Cotton yarn is very dense and inelastic, it is best to use it for knitting solid or openworks, but not textual patterns and rubber bands. Cotton is often used in a mixture with viscose, polyester, acrylic. 100% cotton yarn is suitable for knitting summer products.

With special processing, the glitter of cotton thread is achieved. A typical sample of such processing is an Iris yarn.

Wool - a common name for sheep wool, goats, camels, lamas, rabbit, dogs, etc. Wool varies in strength, length and thickness of the fiber.

The thinner of the hair, the softer, silky and gentle yarn, the higher its quality.

The common properties of wool can be attributed to high thermal insulation, hygroscopicity, softness.

The most common woolen yarn is made of sheep wool. The softness of the wool depends on the breed of the sheep and on what time of year wool was on the sheep (winter wool, obtained with spring haircut, usually the most mild). The quality of the thread is determined by the level of battery (that is, the selection of the fiber), types of processing and spinning.

In terms of its characteristics, the woolen yarn is lighter and elastic than the yarn of vegetable fibers, it is better kept warm, much less wet.

The disadvantages of woolen yarn can be attributed to its dumpingness and formation of rollers on it by friction. Moreover, the weaker the twisted yarn is, the stronger the disadvantages appear. In order to get rid of them, as well as to give the woolen threads additional strength and odorlessness, they add vegetable or artificial fibers. So, the wool is usually mixed with acrylic, nitrone, polyester, viscose, silk, flax, cotton, spandex.

There are a large number of varieties of wool and fluff yarn, which differ from each other by strength, softness and some other properties.

Camel wool is pretty poorly color, so most often this yarn of natural sandy-brown color.

Angora yarn is made from the fluff of Rabbits an Angora breed, it is very fluffy, soft and warm. In the pure form of Angora is practically not used due to the high cost and excessive softness of the fibers. Nevertheless, it is widely used in a mixture with wool, merino wool or acrylic. The product from such yarn is light, warm, gentle and pleasant to the touch.

Camel wool is produced from a pulmonary subworct of camels, which is collected with a spring molting.

Camel wool is known for its healing qualities, ease, hygroscopicity, hypoallergenia, high levels of thermal insulation.

For knitting, yarn is used from 100% camel wool, as well as its mixtures with other fibers.

Wool fibers Alpaca hollow inside, thanks to which products related to yarn with its addition, very well hold warm.

Alpaca is a variety of camel wool. The yarn is made from alpaca's wool - animal camel family. Wool has a majority of the same properties as camel. It is very tough and appreciated quite expensive, so it is rare in pure form. The most widespread mixtures of this wool with conventional or merino, as well as with artificial fibers (for example, with acrylic).

Initially, Merino Sheep was bred in Spain, later they began to be breeded in Australia and New Zealand.

Cashmere is the Pooh (undercoat) of a mountain goat, which is plucking out or combed from goat wool manually during molting. So that the cachemir yarn is not rolling, it is mixed with woolen fiber in different proportions.

Cashmere yarn is pleasant to the touch, when knitting smoothly falls. Its products from it are much easier than woolen, as the dwarf fibers are very thin and hollow inside.

Merino wool - wool with long and thin fibers, obtained from fine-dimensional sheep of merino breeds.

Merino wool is thin, light, durable, elastic. Products from it very well hold the form.

Due to the high cost in pure form, Merino yarn is quite rare. Most often it is mixed with other types of fibers.

Mohler - Yarn from the wool of angora goats, one of the warmest natural materials.

Due to excessive softness and smoothness, the fibers of the mooring yarn is not found in its pure form. To increase the strength of the thread, the moharger is mixed with other fibers (usually with acrylic or nylon). When mixed with a nylon, the mohair acquires shine and additional strength.

A high-end mohair is obtained from a goat with a first haircut, to obtain a low-quality mohair used wool from goats-two-year beds.

Moherry yarn has long fluffy fibers, soft, air, silky to the touch, elastic on the break. It is painted in bright and at the same time natural colors. Mochlorian yarn products are obtained very air and warm.

Whatever yarn for knitting you choose, it is necessary to pay attention to its strength.

If the thread springs in the hands, then things associated from it are practically not deformed. If the thread is torn even from a small stretching (usually woolen), the thing associated with such threads will be fragile, it will be bad to keep the form and quickly stretches. In such cases, the yarn for knitting in the process is recommended to add another thread, for example, synthetic.

When choosing yarn for knitting, it is necessary to pay attention to its uniformity.

Durable products from twisted threads are obtained. The more threads are twisted, the stronger the product is associated with the product.

On the thread, especially for crochet, there should be no irregularities - thickening or very thin sites. For uneven wool, the selection of the patterns is limited, only the embossed mating is suitable.

Speaking about the yarn for knitting, it is worth mentioning about it. Of course, the choice of the color of yarn is a purely individual, each needlewoman picks up the yarn for knitting in the color scheme that, in her opinion, is most suitable for the style and the plan for the work plan. Nevertheless, if a color pattern or a contrast ornament is assumed in the product, check whether the threads of the selected yarn for knitting are not linked. For this, the tip of the threads should be wetted, wrap a white cotton cloth and stroke a hot iron. If the fabric remains clean, it means that the selected yarn for knitting is painted well and is quite suitable for knitting multi-colored products. If the fabric remains paint, the idea of \u200b\u200ba combination of colors is better to refuse.

From the book learn to make furniture yourself author Klyatis g I

What makes the furniture manufacturing furniture make you mostly four types of materials: wooden bars, boards, sheets (plywood, etc.), plates. The bars are relatively different from the boards that their width does not exceed two thicknesses. A wide face of bar and boards are called p l

From the book a cozy house without special costs Author Kriksunova Inna Abramovna

From which the furniture is made today for that demand, and the price. If you are going to acquire new furniture, then you would not hurt to know the properties of those materials from which it is made. The following are the main characteristics of materials from which modern

From the book all the float tackle Author Maxim Balachevtsev

Without which it is impossible to do in the hallway, first of all, I must say about the set of items necessary for the arrangement of the hallway. First of all, there should be, of course, hanger. And the best thing if it is closed, and not open. View of the outerwear hanging on

From the book how to make a village house cozy and comfortable Author Kashkarov Andrei Petrovich

From the book Shoes for home do it yourself Author Zakharenko Olga Viktorovna

1.12. The garage is directly in the house, or what makes a garage for the car and the gate to him seemingly seemingly to breed talk about the garage gates - hired a welder so that it was a simple metal sheet and a few hinges with a swing gate, and the case with the end. But that

From the book a reference book of this man Author Kashkarov Andrei Petrovich

How to knit the types of knitting are very diverse: crochet, on the spokes, Tunisian knitting, knitting with the help of the car. Below is a description of the two most commonly used to manually knitting tools - hook and

From the book of the author

How to knit strong nodes? All that you want to have with you in the forest can be suspended on the rings (Fig. 2.36), hook, beam or other reliably fixed item with the help of "cunning" nodes presented in Fig. 2.37.Taku the option of passing the rope through the ring is able to withstand

From the book of the author

What and how can you make useful fertilizers? Whatever we use as a fertilizer, everyone is good if there is no "chemistry" in fertilizer. It is reasonable to pay attention not only to the fact that in the literal sense can lie under the legs (cow pellets), but also on

Today we do not imagine our lives, or rather our wardrobe, without knitted things. Since childhood, you are surrounded by knitted clothes - socks, sweaters and lace products. But we did not think about where knitting came from, and who was the first to make a loop from a dense woolen thread with the help of spokes or thin twigs. Of course, the story did not save reliable facts for us, but the approximate date of the first knitted thing detected by archaeologists was able to establish. I rummaged in different sources I found a lot of interesting things, but of course it is not really described, so I will tell the fans of this needlework, the benefit that in the country moms their whole army in the country. Therefore, for you, the knitters of the country of Mom! I hope that someone will like my article, since I wrote myself.

One of the first known knitted articles of antiquity was a children's sock, found in the Egyptian tombs during their excavation. This sock resembles a modern mitten, because the thumb on it was signed separately to grow it in the sandalwood strap, which was separated in ancient shoes a thumb from all the others. It is believed that the age of this knitted sock is about four thousand years. Other knitted stockings and socks were found later, the production of which was dating from 14-11 centuries. BC.

In the ancient Egyptian wallpapers, archaeologists found images of women in clothing like knitted cardigans or jackets. And in ancient Ninevia, drawings depicting soldiers in knitted socks were found. On the ancient Greek vases, the peers of the Trojan War, the drawings of the prisoners of Trojan's facilities in the tight pants resembling knitted were found.

The first knitted clothes of the times of our era began to be known again, in the Far East. In Cairo, a beautiful knitted dress created using metal spokes was discovered, and it was dated to the beginning of our era. Knitted products 3-5 centuries. AD They met on the territory of the old world and in Peru. And if you take into account the range of these places, it becomes clear that the knitting technique from different peoples developed separately, and not adopted from representatives of different countries. In addition, it becomes possible to guess that knitting originated long before our era, even though the products were preserved only in the form of images on the walls and on the dishes. It is clear, because knitted clothes are poorly preserved and the likelihood is that some things were blocked and knit new ones, because in antiquity producing woolen threads was more difficult, due to the lack of technology and devices.

But in Europe knitting brought Egyptian Christians - Copts. At their trips to European countries with missionary objectives, they took knitted things that attracted the attention of Europeans, and knitting technique was adopted by them. But at first, in Europe, knitting became the prerogative of men, they knitted stockings to themselves and put them on several steam. And in the 13th century Knitting in France has become very profitable production, to which women were not allowed. Men knit different clothes, and stockings, and gloves, even hats and cardigans. Thanks to Knitting in Scotland, a traditional takes was created, which became a symbol of this country.

In 1589, a knitting machine was invented, his creator, William Lee was an assistant to the parish priest. Thanks to its invention, knitting has become a branch of the industry with its enterprises, which pushed out the artel knitters. In addition, the products related to the machine had a lower cost and a large scale of production. But, no machine produced by the machine could not compare and repeat the pattern like manually created. It helped knitting does not turn into machine production, but to preserve their uniqueness and originality of execution.

In the 16th century Many British were exported abroad with knitted stockings and socks, and knitting became one of the priority areas of production. People from a poor segments of the population thanks to knitting had the opportunity to earn money, and knitting schools opened throughout England and had a great success. After all, in the fashion of that time, men wore shortened pants, and warm knitted stockings were a beautiful and necessary addition to them.

In Scotland in 17-18 centuries. Knitting was engaged in whole families, they developed unique multi-colored patterns that adorn gloves, stockings and sweaters, and the threads were impregnated with special oils so that the products associated from them helped the Scottish sailors to preserve heat in marine campaigns.

In the 20th century Knitting again gained its popularity, because the number of standard and identical things has grown, and knitted clothes are always unique and original. In addition, the diversity of the yarn produced by the modern light industry, much facilitates the work of knitters and make it just a pleasant hobby. And the low cost of threads for knitting allows you to create truly original and fashionable things. Thanks to this, there is no modern lover of this type of needlework, the ancient Egyptians and even Icelanders did not dare.

Of course, you can relate differently to knitting, someone considers it a meaningless pastime, someone admires, and someone cannot live without glomeruli and spice. To each his own. That's what you need to remember.

, fork; or simply on fingers) or on a special machine (mechanical knitting). Knitting, as technique, refers to the types of weaving.

History

In Central and Southern Europe, the art of knitting was revived in the XIII century. In the tombs of princes from the genus De La Card in the abbey of Santa Maria La Real de las-Hulgas, knitted flutes of gloves and pillowcases were found. Moreover, the density of the knitted cloth of pillowcase is comparable to the density of modern knitting knitting - about twenty loops per inch.

In the XVI century, the knitting stocking was widespread in Spain, at the same time the fashion came to knitted gloves. The first guild, uniting knitters, was created in Paris in 1527. The knitting machine for the manufacture of stockings was in England Priest William Lee in 1589. However, initially, not gained widespread since, because of the thick knitting needles, the canvas was coarse. Technology of that time did not allow to get thin needles for knitting by car.

Knitting

Tools and materials

For knitting, knitting needles from various material: metal, plastic, wooden. It is desirable that the needker on one of the ends had a limiter to prevent loop scaling. To obtain a cylindrical seamless fabric, either ring spokes are used (connected by flexible link), or a set of four (five) spokes, where loops of the product are distributed between three (four) knitting needles, and one more is used as working. Harnesses, braids, various interlacing are performed using auxiliary needle or petaperzhatel.

The flat knitted canvas is performed on two spokes, or on the ring. It fit in direct and reverse directions and has the facial and irons. The cylindrical cloth fit in a circle only on the front side.

The knitting needles should not be too sharp, so as not to split the thread and do not wander your hands, nor too stupid, so as not to make it difficult to enter the working knitting needle in the loop. Numbers corresponding to its diameter in millimeters are used to designate the spokes of the spokes (for example, Spice No. 4 has a diameter of 4 mm).

The diameter of the spokes is chosen according to the thickness of the yarn, usually in the 2: 1 ratio. However, depending on what product is supposed to be obtained, variations are possible. When knitting with thin spokes of thick yarn, the web is obtained more dense, the spokes of a large diameter of thin threads - loose, openwork.

Knitting yarn is used in a variety of: linen, cotton, woolen, synthetic, blended, shaped. In order to avoid the skew of the knitted web, should not be used for products performed by the pulp (cycle) stroke, strong threads.

Main types of loops

The main types of loops are facial, insuring, nakid, edge. With their help, it is created all the variety of knitwear patterns associated with the needles.

Before starting work on the product, it is necessary to link the sample size of about 10x10 cm. With its help, the number of loops and rows on a centimeter of the knitted web is determined, which makes it possible to achieve accuracy in the size of the product.

The knitting process on the needles begins with a set of the required number of loops per one or two folded spokes - creating an initial row. In the case of a set of two folded needles, at the end of the set, one of the spokes (working) is removed, and the loops remain on the second knitting needle, which is taken into the left (left right) hand. There are two ways to knitting: English, when the thread from the tangler (working) is held with the right (in the left left) hand and, when the new loop is formed, picked up with the right (in the left left) needles, and the German (continental) - the working thread is in the left ( In the left right) hand and attacked on the right (in the left left) needle.

Emboss of facial loop - The working thread is located behind the cloth. The right (left left) the needle is introduced from left to right (left right left) in the loop on the left (in the left right) needle, the nakid is captured and pulls out. On the right (in the left right), the facial loop remains, the loop with the left (in the left right) knitting needles (the previous series) is reset. When knitting facial loops on the front rows and hollows, a smooth canvas (facechair) with vertical strips resembling braids are formed. Such a binding is also called a fever or a hollow smooth. When knitting facial loops and in the facial and in the wrong rows, a thicker web with horizontal stripes is obtained - this nitigation is called the boiless. The elongated facial loop is obtained if the working needker is administered not in the loop of the previous row, but to a series (two, three, etc.) below.

Reconnection of the involving loop - It matches the confusion of the facial loop, but the working thread is located in front of the web, and the working needker is entered on the right left (in the left left right). The alternation of the facial and invalid with a non-vertex hinge knits the so-called gum - very tensile canvas. An elastic and cuffs of sweaters and COFT, as well as products that fitting the shape strongly fitted with a rubber band.

Nakid. - The working thread is attacked on the right (in the left left) needle or picks up. In the involve row, the Nakid is written as an ordinary loop. Caides are used to form an openwork pattern (with holes in the canvas) and for adding loops. If, when adding loops in the pattern, the holes are undesirable, then a crossed loop is knitted in an invalible row.

Emboss of crossed loop. The crossed is called that loop, the walls of which are located crosswise. Crossed loop is confused from ordinary facial and invalous loops. When there is a number of invalid loops for the front wall, and the next - the front-faced back wall, the loop of the previous row become crossed. The cloth of crossed loops is usually more dense and less stretched. Of these, things are tied, whose strength of special requirements (socks, mittens, etc.) are presented. The disadvantage of the knitted canvas from crossed loops is its distortion (especially this is noticeable when knitting with a penny smooth), since the loops are rooted at an angle relative to its surface.

Edge loop - The loops from which the rows end up. The first extreme loop is removed on the working needle without checking. The last loop of each row is written in the wrong, if you need to get a smooth edge of the knitted web or facial loop if the gear edge is required. When knitting yarn of different colors, the first loop of the row during the transition to another color should be knitted to fix a new thread in the edge.

Looped - Loop, removed on the working needle without tissue.

Refractation and reduction of loops. When the loops is reduced, two hinges knit as alone. To relat the inclination to the right, two hinges are pronounced as one facial, with a slope to the left (in the left left) - the first loop is removed by the wrong, the second is lying face and stretched through the first. Loops are added with the help of Nakuda, in the following row as facial or irons.

Hars and braids - It turns out by changing the procedure for checking the loops: the first loop (loop) is removed on the auxiliary needle and left for or before work. The following loop (loops) is pronounced, after - loop (loops) from auxiliary needles.

Knitting of different color

Crochet

The process of making a web or lace manually from threads with a knitted hook. It is considered a more easy-to-face needlework compared to knitting needles. When crocheted, the working thread is adhered to large and index fingers left (in the left right) hands. The hook holds in the right (in the left left) hand with big and index fingers with a support on the third finger. The thread is thrown on the hook, which has been trapped in a free loop, and pulls out through it. Main types of hinges in crochet: air, semi-solitary, column without an inlet, columns with nakidami.

Knitting

Knitting - the process of manufacturing products (usually elements of clothing) from continuous threads by flexing them into the loop and connections to the loops with each other using simple tools manually (knitted hook, needles, needle) or on a special machine (mechanical knitting). Ritching as technique, Morphologically refers to types of weaving.

History

Knitting

Tools and materials

Circular spokes

The flat knitted canvas is performed on two spokes, or on the ring. It fit in direct and reverse directions and has the facial and irons. The cylindrical cloth fit in a circle only on the front side.

Continental (German) method.

English way.

Main types of loops

The main types of loops are facial, insuring, nakid, edge. With their help, it is created all the variety of knitwear patterns associated with the needles.

Facial smooth.

The knitting process on the needles begins with a set of the required number of loops into two folded spokes - the creation of the initial row. After the set, one of the spokes (working) is removed, and the loops remain on the needker, which is taken into the left hand. There are two ways to knitting: English, when the thread from the ball (working) is held with the right hand and, when the new loop is formed, picks up with the right spin, and the German (continental) - the working thread is in the left hand and throws onto the right spoke.

Tweetting.

Emboss of facial loop - The working thread is located behind the cloth. The right knitting needle is introduced from left to right into the loop on the left needle, the scale is captured and pulled out. The front loop remains on the right spice, the loop of the left knitting needles (the previous row) is reset. When knitting facial loops on the front rows and hollows, a smooth canvas (facechair) with vertical strips resembling braids are formed. Such a binding is also called a fever or a hollow smooth. When knitting facial loops and in the facial and in the wrong rows, a thicker web with horizontal stripes is obtained - this nitigation is called the boiless. The elongated facial loop is obtained if the working needker is administered not in the loop of the previous row, but to a series (two, three, etc.) below.

Reconnection of the involving loop - It corresponds to the confusion of the facial loop, but the working thread is located in front of the web, and the working needker is entered on the right left. The alternation of the facial and invalid with a non-vertex hinge knits the so-called gum - very tensile canvas. An elastic and cuffs of sweaters and COFT, as well as products that fitting the shape strongly fitted with a rubber band.

Nakid. - The working thread is pounced on the right spoke or picks up. In the involve row, the Nakid is written as an ordinary loop. Caides are used to form an openwork pattern (with holes in the canvas) and for adding loops. If, when adding loops in the pattern, the holes are undesirable, then a crossed loop is knitted in an invalible row.

Knitted web made of crossed loops: on the right side, the interlacing wall of the loop is made to the right, in the left - left.

Sample knitting with harnesses

Looped - Loop, removed on the working needle without tissue.

Refractation and reduction of loops. When the loops is reduced, two hinges knit as alone. For a shuttle to the right, two hinges are pronounced as one facial, with a slope to the left - the first loop is removed by the wrong, the second is lying on the face and stretches through the first. Loops are added with the help of Nakuda, in the following row as facial or irons.

Knitting of different color

Crochet

Crochet in a circle

The process of making a web or lace manually from threads with a knitted hook. It is considered a more easy-to-face needlework compared to knitting needles. When crocheted, the working thread is adhered to larger and index fingers of the left hand. The hook holds in the right hand with big and index fingers with a support for the third finger. The thread is thrown on the hook, which has been trapped in a free loop, and pulls out through it. Main types of hinges in crochet: air, semi-solitary, column without an inlet, columns with nakidami.

Tools and materials

A knitting tool is a wand of the same thickness along the entire length or with thickening on the handle with a crochet at the end. For Tunisian knitting, a hook is designed with a very long handle to which loops are rolled in the process. Hooks are performed from a variety of materials: steel, wood, plastic. It is important that the hook is well polished, and the handle is a comfortable, not tosing hand.

Types of knitting

Knitting
Tunisian knitting

Notes

Literature

// Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 tons and 4 extra). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
Pam Allen. Knitting on knitting needles. How to learn to knit with the needles. Schemes, models, patterns \u003d Knitting for dummies. - m.: "Dialectics", 2011. - P. 304. - ISBN 978-5-8459-1732-4

Full encyclopedia of female needlework / lane. With Franz .. - m.: Climbing, 1992. - 608 p. - 34,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85846-022-4
Pam Allen. Knitting for "kettles" \u003d knitting for dummies. - m.: "Dialectics", 2007. - ISBN 0-7645-5395-x
Susie Jones crochet for beginners Publishers: AST, Astrel, 2008