The level of social responsibility of the state can be easily appreciated by the quality of life of pensioners. After all, pension is, in fact, a citizen's remuneration over decades of economic activity. This remuneration is quite burdensome for the budget, and the amount of expenses for the pension system speaks about the socialism of the state is better than any statements of officials. In this article we will analyze the standard of living of pensioners in different countries The world, including in Russia.
United States of America
325 million people live in the USA, this is the third place in the world. Of them by pension provision There are more than 42 million people - 13% of the population. The retirement age in the United States varies from 65 to 67 years, depending on year of birth. It is possible to retire and early - in 62 years, but then the pension will be incomplete and will remain so until the end of life. On the average, American men become pensioners in 67 years old, women in 65.
The average life expectancy in the United States is 77 years old for men and 81.5 years for women, so the average American has 10-15 years of carefree in retirement. It may seem that the medium-American pension of the size of a little over $ 1400 may not be enough for carefree life in the United States. However, there is a huge number of all social programs. These are extensive discounts in stores and hotels, payments to payments at the state and federal government.
China
According to the population, this country record holder is 1 billion 380 million people. How many of them are pensioners - to determine difficult due to the opacity of Chinese statistics, the blurring of determining the pensioner. The very fact of achieving the Chinese retirement age does not mean that he will be considered a pensioner. For example, rural residents of pensions do not receive at all.
In general, the retirement age in China is set at 60 years old for men and 50-55 years for women. The average life expectancy is 74.5 and 77.5 years, respectively, so that a typical resident of China can count on 15-20 years of rest. The amount of pension payments differs greatly from the profession to the profession, from the province to the province. On average, it is about $ 250. In this case, no benefits for pensioners are provided.
Japan
Almost 127 million of the public, of which more than 20% are pensioners, and the number is growing rapidly - Japan will quickly become old. This leads to colossal financial stress on the state. The situation aggravates the highest life expectancy in the world: 80.5 years in men and almost 87 years old in women. At the same time, the age of retirement is not so high - 65 years for both sexes. This means that the Middle Japanese lives in pensions of 15-20 years.
Retirement, a resident of Japan receives one-time payment In the amount of their salary for all his working experience at this enterprise. Taking into account how rarely the Japanese change the place of work - the amounts are obtained more than impressive. Further pension develops from two components: the base part provided by the state and accumulative partconsisting of deductions for the employee itself. As a result, the average pension of $ 1500 is obtained.
Israel
In this miniature country there are only 8 million 860 thousand people, while Israel is a pretty young country - just over 10% of retirees, it is less than 1 million people. Atypical for highly developed countries, high fertility and a small number of old people allows the state to take care of retirees well. As a result, men live here on average for 80.5 years, and women - for 84 years. Pensioners are in 67 years and 64, respectively, and live for another 13-20 years.
Israel is a country of immigrants with a relatively short history, so pensions are formed in a specific way. Maximum pensions are obtained by the Israelis, which worked in the country for more than 30 years. Employees with experience from 10 to 30 years old get smaller. The rest can only count on basic payments. However, there is still a separate old age allowance, all together it gives an average pension of $ 1800.
Germany
The population has more than 82 million people. For several decades, fertility in Germany is lower than mortality, so society will grow quickly. Pensioners here are 23% or almost 19 million people. At the same time, the average life expectancy is 80 years for men and 86 years for women, and retirement and those, and others come out in 65 years. That is, 15-20 years of rest people are provided.
Pension accruals are derived by a rather complex formula, the total amount depends on a number of parameters, up to family status and accommodation. On average, women receive a significantly less pension than men: 590 euros against 1020 euros. Interestingly, in East Germany, the average women's pension is 840 euros.
France
The country is inhabited by almost 67 million people, and the number is constantly growing not only due to immigration, but also the natural growth, which for highly developed countries is a rarity. Almost 16.5% of the population or 11 million people can be attributed to the elderly ages of the age of 65+. But pensioners are somewhat more, because a retirement in France is 62.5 years. A truly funny figure for a country with a medium life expectancy of 79.5 years for men and 85.5 years for women.
These 18-23 years of life at pensions are not bad provided by the state, which provided for a wide package of benefits, allowances and others. social payments. The average French pension is 1000 euros, and may vary from 500 euros for newly applied immigrants and unemployed, up to 2,000 euros to work with experience more than 40 years.
Great Britain
The population is more than 64 million 700 thousand people, the country is characterized by a near-theulous natural increase. Pensioners here are 15.8% or more than 10 million people. British men live, on average, 79.5 years old, women - 83 years old. Pennia and those and others are 65 years old, but women can become pensioners already at 60, if they were born until 1950. Thus, British pensioners live for 20-23 years.
Pension payments in the UK Multistage: The first level is a state pension that is paid to everyone without exception to the retirement age, the second level is the cumulative part that state or private fund pays. The state pension is more than 600 pounds, the accumulative part can be very different. The final average pension is more than 1,500 pounds.
Finland
"The country of lakes" inhabits a little more than 5.5 million people. The number of inhabitants is growing, but this happens solely at the expense of immigrants - the natural increase here is negative. So the country's population aging, the number of older people reaches 16.8% or almost 1 million people. With the average life expectancy of 78 years in men and 84 years in women, the retirement here is 65 years old.
Life on pensions lasts, on average, 13-19 years old, but this period can be increased due to the possibility of retirement earlier, while receiving an abbreviated pension. Usually, the Finns seek to work longer to work more experience. The average pension in Finland exceeds 1,500 euros, and since 2017 it will be consistently increased every 3 months.
Russia
More than 146 million 800 thousand people live in Russia, the population is growing due to natural increments and immigration. The elderly people of the age of 65 years and above include more than 13% of the population or over 19 million people. The average life expectancy in Russia is 64.5 years in men and 76.5 years in women. For retirement, the Russians overlook 60 and 55 years, respectively.
In this way, russian pensioner Lives, on average, from 4 to 11 years. During these few years, he can count on payments consisting of two parts: basic and accumulative. The first is guaranteed by the state, regardless of the working experience, the second consists of the contributions of the citizen himself. The final average Russian pension is 13,700 rubles or a little more than $ 240.
How does a retirement live in different countries?
Photo: Pixabay.com.First of all, you need to understand that comparing the above sums directly incorrectly. In different countries, a very different value of life. For example, $ 100 month income in the United States is beyond poverty, whereas in Uganda is the level of rich. Israel is much more expensive compared to Russia. Therefore, comparisons have some sense only if the purchasing power parity is made (PPP).
We will do this: take GDP on the PPS of each country, we split it on nominal GDP, and we obtain some coefficient. Multiplying the amount of pension to this coefficient, we will get a more objective pension value in US dollars, already in binding to the cost of living in the country:
- US $ 1441.
- China $ 484.
- Japan $ 1802.
- Israel $ 1950.
- Germany $ 1466.
- France $ 1368.
- United Kingdom $ 1935
- Finland $ 1840.
- Russia $ 588.
As can be seen, even in recalculation, taking into account the purchasing power parity russian pensions far from pensions of developed countries. In addition, you need to take into account the quality side of life - to receive a thousand pension dollars, living in a pure European village with a developed infrastructure and health care, this is not the same thing to get even the same amount, but living in the Russian village without roads, Entertainment and normal medical care.
In 2017, more than 200 million older people live in China. China's authorities do not have time to make adjustments to the pension system due to active aging of the population, so most of the elderly Chinese are on the threshold of poverty. But why did it happen? Reply to this question in our material.
Do the Chinese get a pension?
In accordance with the latest statistical data, retire receives every fourth Chinese.
We highlight the basic conditions for receiving the pension:
- The age of men is 60 years old, in women - 55 years.
- The age of women who are engaged in physical work - 50 years.
- Experience - from 15 years.
- Labor activity At the state or industrial enterprise.
- Conducting private entrepreneurship.
As a result, only a part of China's population receive pension deductions. And if paid, then in minimal criteria. For example, citizens are paid in the amount of 20% of the salaryand residents of rural settlements receive a pension of 10% of earnings.
Since federal funds are not designed for pensioners, the Chinese produce independent contributions to the PF (pension fund) in the amount of 8% of the wage. In addition, the employer pays for each employee a tax of 3%.
The main problem of China is an illiterate fertility reduction policy from the beginning of the 70s. Currently, there has been a sharp decline in fertility and active aging of the population.
In addition, according to the traditions of China, the elderly living in rural areas are on the care of the younger generation. This tradition has always contributed to strengthening related links. At the moment, most young families continue to take care of the elderly parents.
As a result, not all Chinese retirees receive a pension that do not reach subsistence minimum countries. Consequently, the pension system does not correspond to the modern level of economic development of China.
How do you live in China without a pension?
Most Chinese pensioners are not worried due to the lack of pension deductions, since traditions in this country play a more significant role, rather than the proceedings on the absence of pension payments.
For the Chinese retirement period - This is the time when sowing the soul, because it is now free from former domestic worries.
Therefore, when retirement, most Chinese are engaged not only by establishing relations with relatives, but all sorts of hobbies, for example, the Chinese love to dance in the evenings. And financial support is engaged to the younger generation.
Who receives pension payments?
On state Pension can count the following categories of citizens:
- officials;
- managers;
- individuals working in industrial production;
- private entrepreneurs;
- residents of rural settlements - receive pension payments in the amount of 10% of the wage.
In some regions of China, the future pension remains in the accounts of the enterprise, which in the future and pays pension to the former employee.
Middle pension
In China, the minimum pension deductions are not established, since the country has an ineffective pension reform requiring cardinal changes.
In accordance with statistical indicators, the lowest pension Receive residents of rural settlements - 50-100 yuan (in rubles - 1000 rubles).
The average state pension in cities is 1500 yuan. In rubles - 14,000 rubles.
Eventually middle Indicators of pension payments in the country are equal 900-1300 yuan (5000-9000 rubles).
About how China's pensioners live and what they are frozen, look in the video.
China's authorities plan in the near future to modernize the pension reform so that all citizens can receive pension payments. Currently, the public retirement is obtained only 60% of the population.
How the retirement system is arranged in modern China
Often about China repeat the error, as if they would not pay pensions in the Middle Kingdom. It is a myth. Another thing is that the Chinese retirement system aimed at the coverage of all categories of citizens, and not a preferred layer of "old Bolsheviks", began to form relatively recently - from the middle of the nineties. "RG" found out what pensioners live in the PRC, where did they have money for travel and whether the children continue to take care of their elderly parents, as Confucius.
On the son of Nadeya
Some twenty years ago, the Chinese in old age had to count exclusively on their children, which in the conditions of the former policy "one family is one child" was not easy. Therefore, in the villages, the ban on the state of the state for the birth of the second and even the third child often tried to bypass: fines from poor peasants do not even assemble, siblings smasted as grass in the field, and then they began to contain parents. But if in the eighties, the city inhabitants in the eighties accounted for about 20 percent of the inhabitants of the PRC, today this figure is selected to 60 percent. These changes forced the government to revise and pension policies. The beginning of the reform was found in 1997 - then the State Council of the People's Republic of China adopted a fundamental decision on the introduction of a basic pension system for state-owned enterprises. Today, men cease to work at the age of 60, women - from 50 or 55 years, depending on the type of employment in production or in the office. And these figures correspond to the average pension threshold throughout Asia.
In China, there are three types of pensions, told "RG" Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the School of Oriental Studies by NIU "Higher School of Economics" Alexei Maslov. The most common pension as a whole is similar to our - it is formed from citizen contributions in the form of payments from salaries. The employee lists 8 percent of the amount to the pension fund, and another 20 percent is its employer. In addition, each person can open its cumulative account. There are other additional financing mechanisms for pensions - for example, through the National Social Security Fund. The second type of pension receive officials - they pay a state. Several years ago, civil servants who left work with the onset of a certain age lived at the expense of the State Case. But after a wave of protests swept on the Internet, their pension content also began to form largely at the expense of deductions. Finally, peasants who do not have special income, as well as the unemployed city inhabitants get minimal content from the state. Today it averages 600-700 yuan countries (about 5600-6500 rubles), but in some places it already reaches 1200 yuan (11,100 rubles). Pension funds in the PRC are formed at the regions level. The difference in pensions for the inhabitants of the conditionally prosperous Shanghai and the poor Xinjiang-Uygur autonomous region may be eight-time. If we talk about the average usual - not the "collective farm" - pension, then, according to the calculations for 2018, it is about 2550 yuan (23,700 rubles).
Old age in joy
"Since the standard of living and pensions in the regions is different, there was a curious trend: many old men, prescribed in one province, seek to move either south, where heat and cheap, or, on the contrary, in the depths of the country where serious references are taxed. And pensions They get according to registration, "says the china. At the same time, according to Alexey Maslov, the past two or three years in China began to appear home nursing almost in a western model, where social workers instead of native children who do not have such an opportunity are taken for pensioners at a completely decent level.
"Traditional values \u200b\u200bare gradually destroyed, - the head of the School of Oriental Studies of HSE. - Although, of course, children continue to contain parents. Money is mainly sent to the village, but often transported mothers and fathers to the city. Can live together - in the old manner, and maybe To shoot the parents to the apartment nearby. Moreover, for the elderly, social forms of hiring housing are operating. But not everyone wants to move. In the south of China, I discovered a giant settlement in barracks where dozens of older people live. They explained to me that simply got used to live like that , and money that children send them, is enough. " In addition, Chinese pensioners enjoy many benefits: they have free medical care (including different types of acupuncture and massage), visiting the diagnostic cabinets that are equipped in each area, the right to eat in public catering for a symbolic contribution - on registration, free visit to museums and Cygun and Tai Chi in parks. Requests of Chinese pensioners are small. And the benefits in travel agencies allow them to travel throughout the world. No wonder Chinese retirees recently can be seen abroad at least than Japanese.
Debates of age
"The aging of China's population is faster than retirement funds grow," explains Alexey Maslov. "It is expected that in 2050 the army of non-working citizens over 60 years old will be almost 335 million people. Even before, by 2030, the debt of the pension fund to them will reach several. Billion dollars, this is officially recognized. " So inevitably raising the retirement age in the PRC? The first discussions began about three years ago. There were rumors that the bar for all residents of the Middle Kingdom - both men and women - will raise up to 65 years. However, many experts believe that the increase will not happen. "China is terribly afraid of unemployment," reminds the interlocutor "RG". - Now it decreases at the wrong person to retire. Officially, its level does not exceed 4 percent, but hidden unemployment is much higher. No need to forget that the PRC Basically, it remains to live at the expense of the extensive development of labor. If in Germany, one unit of robotics accounts for 4-5 people, then in China - 10 thousand! But the situation is gradually changing, and as unemployment reforms can grow. On the other hand, The same reforms in the economy will lead to an increase in money in the country's pension fund and increase pensions. "
Verbatim
So spoke Confucius
The teacher said: "In fifteen years I drew my thoughts to study. Thirty I found independence. In the forty years I was freed from doubt. In fifty years I have learned the will of the sky. In sixty years I learned to distinguish the truth from the wrong. At seventy I began to follow The desires of my heart. "
Teachers asked for respect for parents. He replied: "Today, respect for parents is called their content. But people also contain dogs and horses. If the parents do not read, then how will the attitude towards them from the attitude towards dogs and horses be different?"
While parents are alive, do not leave far.
From the book "Lun Yui" "conversations and judgments", compiled by the students of Confucius.
Chinese proverbs about old age and sons of debt
Go myself goes to sleep hungry - and the elders under the roof of their feeds.
If there is an old man in the house, then there is a jewel in the house.
If there are small reserves of Rice Bran - then the old and small live in well-being and good health.
Hello, dear readers! Recently, there are a lot of criticism in the address of the pension system of Russia - they say such a country, and worse than in the world. On the other hand, many of our permanent ordinary people were interested in another problem - and what is the pension in other countries now? Let's start, perhaps, with the most numerous country in the world and find out that now with pensions in China.
Why China?
Many will not agree that everything is bad in Russia, but in China, it is even worse, what to compare these two systems. I dare disagree. To understand the possible picture, the example is more than successful. Especially developed countries we will discuss later.
What do we know about China:
- The largest population in the world.
- World-made center.
- One of the fastest growing countries 3 in the world.
- Ancient centuries-old culture and distinctive traditions.
Perhaps enough, now directly to pensions.
Is there a pension and who is laid?
Pension in China is, but not for everyone. As it were, it did not sound, but the share of the tragedy is available in this. All because demographic reforms and the development of the economy in the country could not compile a single pension system in the country. Yes, and the country's rigid division into employees of the city and agriculture with the corresponding differences in the laws of the provinces - all this created a number of problems.
Several facts about pensions in China:
- Responsible State Body - Labor Bureau social protection. But in some provinces, the concerns about their pensioners take enterprises that independently accumulate pension accruals for their employees who have retired.
- The age of the retirement men is 60 years old. Women - 50-55 years, depending on the working conditions and the province. Usually, the average is considered - 55 years for the city, 50 years for countryside.
- Previously, only those who worked in civil service or industrial production at least 15 years could receive an old-age retirement in China. Modern reforms expand the number of categories of pensioners, and even peasants can receive their payments.
- The right to payments is approximately 55% of the population.
Pension size in China
A small preliminary reference for comparing with us. With wages of workers today hold deductions - 11%. Of these, 7% - enterprise, 4% - the future pensioner himself. For comparison with Russia, we only hold 22% in the FIU, completely from the employer's pocket. Those. You calmly get a salary, and the employer pays deductions 2 times more than in China. But we have salaries as not lower. Already the first bell. Yes, and our pensions are somehow put everything. Little? We read on.
But the approximate ratio of pensions to salaries in China:
- Urban residents at the exit have about 20% of their past salary. In addition, there are bonus surcharge systems that slightly increase this size.
- Rural residents usually do not have more than 10%, because They do not receive pension deductions. Comparable to our pensioners who do not have labor experience. Only here people honestly worked, and due to the lack of a developed pension system in China, either remained completely without collateral, or they are satisfied with kopecks.
And how much is our? Like that:
- For rural regions - from 50 yuan per month, on average about 100. At the current rate in rubles: 500-1000 per month. Cheered up?
- For residents of cities - 800-1500 yuan (8000-14000 rubles).
If you are satisfied with the amount of 14,000 rubles per month, then you need to understand that this is not for everyone. Just like we, because someone receives pensions and under 100,000 rubles per month. Of course, it would be possible to express some common average retirement, but the spread is colossal, so the above average pensions in categories are quite relevant. And you so?
And the retirees in China do not allocate in any way, they do not provide additional benefits for them. Want to go there?
Why is that?
Of course, it may be this strategic course of the Chinese government, which will bring China to a new level, but it looks terrible on the part. And the reason for this is the past state reforms in the field of demography.
Remember what we were taught: in China a hard ban on children, only 1 child per family, for other fines. We were presented with this information about this. And now it turns out that people have retired, the younger generation, which should provide in the old man's system, simply cannot cope with the entrusted commitments. And as a result - there is not enough money for everyone, and the economy still did not reach the desired level - but maybe then everything will work out.
Thus, we obtain the country of pensioners with a pronounced problem of demographics. In addition, the demographic section gives a terrible picture: in the country for 6 boys there are only 5 girls. So live - one of the bells of future instability in society.
What's next?
In the meantime, no changes are entered. And while maintaining the situation in the future, 1 citizen of the retirement age will be no more than 2 working. Those. 2 people somehow must fully provide a pensioner. Yes, and to the old traditions of care for the elderly man with such a layout, it is also hardly possible.
In this regard, it is rumored that the Chinese government is going to raise the retirement age for 5 years. In Russia, by the way, now there is also an increase in retirement age for the same 5 years. But in our case, everything still looks a little more raw.
And what are people? And people in the country in the stories are even more interesting than we: our only in words express criticism in the address of the pension system, and there everyone prefers his savings to keep as close as possible to himself, not trusting them or a state or a bank. And if there are no income, then who should and where to pay? Those. Some do not pay, others do not get. There is such a trick in Russia with "black" salaries and the "white" future.
How to live without a pension?
This in Russia is only scary to completely stay without funds. Remember, we talked about the tradition. Basically, the inhabitants of China are honored them, and most importantly, according to it, they honor their older generation and take care of him. Those. In most part, this is all normal - nobody will forget, will provide all possible, despite the state position.
Asian contrast - Japan
Slightly touched on another Asian island state - Japan. Just for general comparison:
- Retirement age - 65 years for both sexes. But the life expectancy here is one of the maximum - live more than 80 years.
- Everything that has reached age is retired.
- The minimum pension is about $ 600.
These items will be enough to understand where the competent pension system was introduced, and where it was not there.
The article will go about whether the pension is in China. It is important to make a reservation immediately - this question refers to the discharge of complex. In the imminent on this issue, everything is ambiguous. So, let's try to figure it out if the pension is in China, that is, the pension system.
Pension question in China in the past
China's pension system does not apply to the category of fair. Even relatively recently, in the subway, it was paid only to officials and employees of state-owned companies.
Conducting market reforms allowed the Chinese pension system to cover and citizens engaged in private entrepreneurship. But even this allowed to rely on payments for only thirty percent of older people.
The remaining Chinese retirees (mostly from rural areas) continued the traditions of their ancestors: were on the content of their children.
Adherence to traditions have always contributed to strengthening related links, care for the elderly family members is perceived as proper. Therefore, if you ask if a pension is in China, then, most likely, you will not get a specific answer due to its ambiguity.
Pension Question in China today
Today, China faced the result of the erroneous policy of the 70s of the last century in the demographics.
As you know, in that period, the Chinese authorities introduced a fertility limit. As a result, today in the country there is a sharp connection with the simultaneous reduction of youth, on the shoulders of which the content of older parents is traditionally entrusted.
China today is the world leader in the number of pensioners.
How many Chinese will retire after 20 years and whether the state will be able to provide them with a worthy old age - the question that is sharply costs today in front of the authorities. Already today, the deficit of the pension system of the country "eats up" to 40% of the state budget revenues. Analysts talk about the amount of $ 11.2 trillion, which will be a deficit in PF by 2033.
Chinese demographers predict the situation when only two inhabitants will work for one pensioner.
At the political horizon of China, unpopular measures were issued, in particular, the increase in retirement age.
Pension age Chinese
Interestingly, the retirement age in the Middle Kingdom will be varied by industries and regions.
Today for men is 60 years old, and for women working in the administrative sphere - 55 years. Women working physically have the right to retire in 50. Such age system There is already half a century in China. At that time, the life expectancy in the country was on average for about 50 years.
Currently, this figure has grown. Men live an average of 75 years old, women - up to 73.
In this regard, the Ministry of Labor and Communication of China entered the government with a proposal to increase the retirement age, starting from 2016. For incomplete 30 years, it is proposed to equalize the age of men and women with the right to retire. If this is implemented, in 2045 the Chinese will go to the "Honored Rest" in 65 years.
What Chinese retirees live
Of course, the first and main issue for pensioners in any country is the question of what size of pension payments.
In the PRC, pension charges depend on where a person lives (in the city or village), as well as on whom he works (a state or private company). Unified basic pension in the country is absent.
The average pension in China at the place of residence differs at times and is one and a half thousand yuan for citizens, for villagers - from 55 to 100 yuan (pensions in the village were introduced only in 2009). Gorozhane dosage is about 20% of the average salary, the villagers are 10%.
The basis for the minimum is the 15-year work experience at the state-owned enterprise, as well as the deductions of 11% of the salary in the Pension Fund (PF) of the state. For statements, the deduction in the PF holds a state, the amount of pension is tied to a salary in the public sector.
In the private sector of labor, everything is somewhat different: the employee sends to the PF 8% of his salary, 3% is an employer.
In some regions of the PRC, the size of the pension is formed at the enterprises where the employees themselves accumulate for future old age. In the future, the organization pays to them pensions at the calculation of the amount, which gathered during the work.
Chinese on pension pension
Is there in China if you ask this question to the Chinese yourself, then in response, you can hear that in the country every fourth resident who has reached the 60s, it receives it. This is confirmed by the statistical data of China.
However, it seems that the Chinese themselves are not particularly interested in the question: "Does China have a pension?" Here, apparently, the mentality of people taking the traditions of ancestors affects. Millennies, the Chinese lived, hoping only on themselves and their loved ones. Being initiative by nature, they do not have problems with socialization, they do not need help from. For the Chinese, the pension is the time when sowing the soul, because it is free from the former worries.
The fact is that the elderly residents of the Middle Kingdom value is no longer a financial component of pensions, but normal attitude loved ones and societies in general.
Coming out for a well-deserved rest, the Chinese actively seek earlier time on vacation. Favorite occupation for them are dancing in the evening. At the venues in the parks, at the subway and even on the road you can see pensioners dancing not only a folk dance with verses under the drums and tambourines. Elderly people do not bother and waltz, and tango.
By the way, this passion often brings income to the most notable pensioners dancers: speaking on festivities and corporate parties, they receive a certain fee for this.
The new hobby of China's pensioners was domestic and foreign tourism. This contributes to the development of the tourist sector of the country's economy, and life in retirement makes even more interesting. Therefore, to the question: "Is it interesting to live in pensions", the older generation of the Chinese will definitely give the answer "yes."
China in search
China's pension system, its strengthening is not easy. Putrogatives in his decision is given to the state.
As history shows, the country has always found a way out of difficult situations. Today, the PRC government is in search of models that allow you to more flexibly manage the pension system. Therefore, the question of whether in China is an old age pension, one can relate to the category of rhetorical. Of course, there is.
