What are possible reasons uneven or insufficient coverage of the hair when coloring?
2.9% Londa Professional oxidation emulsion was used instead of 6%.
3. The shade used on graying (unpigmented) roots should be darker.
4. The oxidizing emulsion mixed with the paint was not correctly selected: both components must be completely matched to each other.
5. The dye mixture was applied to the hair too sparingly.
6.The coloring mass was applied unevenly to the hair: some sections
and the hair strands were not completely dyed or dyed insufficiently
7. The ink mass was combed from the ends to the length and to the ends before the expiration of the holding time.
8.Longer exposure time required: 15 minutes with heat is enough for fine hair only.
9. The Climazon was incorrectly positioned.
Previously colored hair cannot be dyed in a lighter shade with another dye. They can only be painted in a darker shade.
1.When shampooing, use Londa Professional Color and Shine Shampoo.
2. When using post-stain care products, apply for the shortest recommended time.
Coloring gray hair in shades MICRO REDS
2 parts fashionable tone + 1 part natural tone.
For more than 75% gray, use 1 part fashion tone and 1 part natural.
The subtle art of lightening hair
Let's look at the facts ...
1.Any paint with oxidation has a brightening effect. The percentage of emulsion used determines the degree of clarity. Hair can be lightened even with 6% oxidizing emulsion.
2. The different degrees of lightening are best illustrated by examples. Let's say the original or natural hair color is dark blond. To lighten hair by
one tone, choose a shade 1 tone lighter and 6% Londa Professional oxidizing emulsion. For more lightening, use an even lighter tone, for example 9/0 very light blonde, but with 9% Londa Professional Oxidizing Emulsion.
What affects the clarification process?
1.Pigmentation of natural hair color
2.Previous staining
3.Hair type (fine to coarse)
4.Hair structure (less porosity at roots, more at ends)
5.Type and quantity of brightening products used
6.Percentage of Londa Professional oxidizing emulsion used
7.Dwell time
When lightening, it is necessary to apply a larger amount of the dye mixture than with conventional dyeing.
Lightening levels.
| 4-5 levels lighter |
1 part long-lasting cream paint shades |
2 parts 1 2% oxidizing emulsion Londa professional |
| 3 levels lighter |
1 part of long-lasting cream paint shades Special Blonds Londa Professional |
2 parts 9% oxidativeemulsions Londa professional |
| 3 levels lighter | 1 part long-lasting cream paintLonda professional | 1 part 1 2% oxidizing emulsion Londa professional |
| 2 levels lighter | 1 part long-lasting cream paintLonda professional | 1 part 9% oxidizing emulsion Londa professional |
| Darker, tone-on-tone, 1 level lighter | 1 part long-lasting cream paintLonda professional | 1 part 6% oxidizing emulsion Londa professional |
Beautiful, well-groomed, healthy hair - best decoration every woman. One of the most important care procedures behind the hair is. Advances in modern chemistry have transformed this procedure from a decorative to a healing one. By means of staining, blood circulation and metabolic processes in the scalp can be improved. belongs to one of the heights of hairdressing. Due to the versatility of technology, this tool is available at home. One has only to follow a number of rules to achieve a good result. The general condition of the body is of great importance for hair. The beauty of hair is directly dependent on well-being.
General weakening of hair is caused not only by illness, but also by poor sleep. In this case, general weakness and lethargy are also inherent in them. Therefore, chemical exposure further injures them. It is more likely that the hair coat will break down when exposed to a chemical dye. As with any injury, it will cause general cover weakness. Painful hair will not be flexible and elastic, the hairstyle will look bad. Since chemical reactions are poorly compatible with hormonal drugs during their intake, one should refuse. The general weakness of the body also affects the effect of dyes. Do not skip meals before dyeing your head. Tonic preparations have a good effect. Weakness can be caused by menstruation, stress, climate change - during this period, you should also refrain from staining.
Hair color is determined by coloring pigments. The natural color is given by the hair's own pigments. The possibility of impact should be considered here. During certain periods of life, the content of hair pigments may change. Absolutely healthy bright hair have a copper tint. For black hair, blue looks very nice. In some periods, pigment saturation is especially active. If you haven't paid attention to yourself before, consider a lock of hair in the sun. This will help you figure out the shade of the hair and the choice of dye. Do not be afraid - in-depth knowledge of chemistry is not required here. Many dye catalogs are now showing test hair coloring. You can visually determine whether the dye matches your hair type. Otherwise, getting the desired shade is difficult to achieve. Not only that, the result may not be aesthetic. Artists are familiar with the rules for mixing paints to obtain a specific color. The same laws of nature apply when hair coloring... As a matter of fact, natural pigments and dye pigments appear in your palette.
A simple example - mixing blue and yellow paint produces green. A blonde with golden hair can achieve such an extravagant result if she wants to dye her hair ashy. The result may not be perceptible right away, but in bright light, the hair can turn green. It is safe to experiment within the same palette. If you decide to change your image, it is better to do it with a professional hairdresser or consult. Since antiquity, all the luminaries of hairdressing have had an excellent knowledge of chemistry. At the same time, its foundations were used for. For this purpose, organic dyes were used. At present, the achievements of modern chemistry are masterly used by women. After familiarizing yourself with the composition of the paint, you can mix the various parts to obtain the desired shade. Here everyday experience and, if possible, knowledge of the basics of painting will come in handy. Miraculous transformations use the achievements of modern medicine. The highest quality dyes also play a tonic role. Here, the injection of trace elements is performed during the staining step. The dye penetrates the outer sheath of the hair. Repairing balms are used to heal micropores and restore the structure. Modern cosmetology helps to turn hair coloring into a healing procedure. The composition of the balms tightens pores and softens the skin. Thanks to the injection of vitamins, the hair becomes strong, flexible, elastic. 
Despite the remarkable results, much attention is paid to allergy issues. To determine the sensitivity to reagents, samples are pre-made. They can be done on the sensitive part of the skin of the hands. In case of redness, choose another chemical composition dye. You can also test a small section of hair, but you cannot test the skin reaction here. Before painting, it should be noted that exposure to an alkaline environment can negatively affect skin... Frequent use of shampoos has this undesirable effect. To purify water before staining you can use dry mustard (the product is recommended by cosmetologists as absolutely safe). The use of fermented milk products has the same result of ideal cleansing. They are absolutely harmless and you can use them indefinitely.
Hair suffers from strong effects during the period of perm. Hair can become thinner and break off. This can be corrected by using masks rich in vitamin A. An excellent effect is obtained by using the drug "Londestral". It should also be noted that as a result, the hair loses its hygroscopicity. In this case, the reaction is bad. staining... To restore the moist environment, the damaged hair coat should be treated. They absorb moisture in a natural way and the integument damaged by chemistry lose the ability to undergo natural processes.
To prepare hair for coloring you can use harmless cleaning agents. The best option is to use rainwater or melted snow. This water has natural softness properties. The melted snow allows the use of an oxygen-rich composition. Thus, it is possible to tone the hair. It also softens the effect on the scalp. A protective microfilm made of fat helps to neutralize the effect of the dye. For its formation, a certain period must pass before staining. Modern proposals for hair stylinguse tint gels and foams. They are completely harmless and can be applied to freshly washed hair to create the perfect hairstyle.
By coloring rulesthe chemical is applied to the discolored surface. To do this, the hair is bleached with hydroperite (hydrogen peroxide solution). It should be remembered that the degree of lightening affects the quality of the staining. If you do not need an excellent evening hairstylethen dye your hair you can at home. Creating a gem-quality shade will require professional staining and a high degree of lightening. For this purpose, a high degree of clarification is used - up to 12%. In this case, you can create a flawless airy hairstyle, where hairdressers show art on literally every hair. The method is in demand for light trendy colors and shades. Purple, lilac looks exquisite in the hairstyle. For all its splendor, this is not always in demand. To create more democratic samples, you can pay less attention to the base. In this case, gentle compounds are used. Application of 6% composition is possible. 3% hydrogen peroxide is sufficient for dark staining. For discoloration of pigments, we offer special blooming preparations... Hairstyles for very light hair need extra care. Restoring masks are used for them.
Apply the dye to dry hair for the best effect. The effect of dyes is enhanced by the hair's own hygroscopicity. If the hair is pre-moistened, then some of the dye will color the water and you will not achieve the desired effect. It should be remembered that only healthy hair is optimal hygroscopicity. Therefore, their health should be checked before painting. If necessary, the hair undergoes a course of health treatments. The wrong effect of chemistry instead of a wonderful metamorphosis can have a bad effect even on a beautiful head of hair. The dye is applied from glass or porcelain dishes to eliminate a chemical reaction. When using different colors, thorough mixing is required to obtain the desired shade. For even coloring, the hair is divided into 4 parts. In equal proportions, the segments diverge from the center of the head. Use a comb to evenly distribute the composition. Choose a solid comb made of good quality plastic with frequently spaced teeth. The composition is kept on the head for the time indicated by the technology. When hair coloring it is convenient to use a cape made of eco-friendly materials. This is especially useful for long hair. Hair is composed of a protein substance called keratin. When exposed to chemicals, proteins are perfectly stained. This process can be significantly enhanced elevated temperature... It can be created by putting a polyethylene cap on your head for the period of staining. This allows you to reduce hair dyeing time by 1/3. Gray hair is rather poorly stained. In this case, the duration of the dye increases. Gray hair also dyes beautifully. Here one should only more closely monitor their state of health. If gray hair is associated with age, staining is best done on the days of your best health. Dye penetration is significantly accelerated for permed hair. The reason is the damaged porous structure of the shell. This should be taken into account in order not to get more dark color... The longest time (about 45 minutes), the hair is bleached for the colors of blondes. After achieving the desired result, the dye is washed off the hair with warm water. The use of special balms removes oxidant residues and revitalizes the hair. Special stabilizers are used to keep hair dyed. Mechanical damage to hair and skin pollution is absolutely contraindicated. Hands and facial contours should be protected with cream. If the dye gets on the skin, wash it off immediately with soap. Otherwise, a stain may remain.
At all times, women have dyed their hair using various herbal preparations. You can still change your hair color with these preparations, which will not only color your hair and relieve you of gray hair, but also have a healing effect on your hair and scalp. Henna and Basma are the most common natural dyes.
Henna - dried and crushed alkane leaves, yellow-green. Basma - grayish-green powder from indigo leaves. Used alone, henna produces red tones, and together with basma, a variety of shades, from light brown to black. In addition, the mixture works well on the skin, hair roots, and promotes their growth.
Dilute 25-50 g of paint with hot water until thick sour cream. Cool and apply to hair, dividing it into small strands. Wrap your head with a plastic scarf and a scarf. Keep the dye on your hair for 15-20 minutes. After washing off the paint and drying the hair, re-smear it for 1-1.5 hours. The intensity of the tone depends on the time that the dye will be on the hair: the more you hold it, the darker the tone will turn out. If you want to become brown-haired, take henna and basma in a 1: 2 ratio. Duration of staining is about 30 minutes. To avoid a reddish tint when using these paints, add 2 tablespoons of dry pharmacy chamomile flowers to the mixture, pour the composition not with boiling water, but with strong tea leaves. To obtain a black color, the mixture is made up of henna and basma in a ratio of 1: 3, the dyeing time is about 4 hours. The more basma you add to the mixture, the darker the hair will become.
Henna does not change the color of black hair, in this case, before applying henna, preliminary preparation hair. To give them a red or chestnut shade, you need to prepare a mixture of 25 g of perhydrol, 30 g of liquid toilet soap, 5-7 drops of ammonia. This mixture is applied to the hair without covering the head for 15-20 minutes. After making sure that the hair has changed color, rinse it with warm water. Then henna is applied (5 g per 50 g of hot water) for 5-8 minutes. The color is reddish.
If your hair is too red after dyeing with henna and basma, re-dye it with basma.
Basma can be replaced with natural ground coffee. Add 4 teaspoons of coffee to 1 cup of boiling water. Boil for 5 minutes. Pour a packet of henna into coffee that has cooled to 65-700, stir thoroughly until smooth (sour cream thickness) and apply with a brush to the hair. Cover the head with parchment paper or plastic and tie it loosely with a towel for 50-60 minutes. Cover the forehead, temples and the back of the head with cotton so that the gruel does not run down on the face. After coloring, wash your hair and rinse with water and vinegar (1 liter - 1 tablespoon). The hair will turn dark brown. Henna can be consumed without basma. Basma without henna can give hair a greenish or raspberry tint.
There are other natural dyes
For blondes who want to give their hair a golden yellow tint, we recommend using infusion of chamomile flowers... To prepare it, 25 g of chamomile flowers are poured into 3/4 cup of hot water, infused for 1 hour and filtered. A light brown shade of hair can be given using rhubarb... To do this, add 200 g of dried rhubarb stalks to 0.5 liters of natural white wine and boil until half of it boils away. The broth is cooled, filtered and applied to the hair. Chestnut color can be obtained using green walnuts... Depending on the concentration of the decoction, you can enhance or weaken the color of the resulting dye. Bright golden tone gives hair a decoction of husks luke... For the broth, you need to take 30-50 g of onion goblin, pour 1 glass of water and boil for 15-20 minutes. The strained broth is used to moisten dry hair and dry it naturally.
Hair coloring products.
There are three main methods in the staining technique: tinting, staining and bleaching. When toning, coloring pigments surround the hair, hugging only its outer surface. When dyeing, pigments are embedded in the depth of the hair. Discoloration only destroys pigments. Unstable products that are washed off after the first shampooing are aerosol and jelly varnishes, etc.
Semi-permanent colorants, partially penetrating into the scaly layer, are tint shampoos... The tint acquired after using such shampoos usually disappears after 6-8 shampoos. Thanks to them, the natural color is refreshed and the shade of the hair can become darker up to four shades, but not lighter. Permanent paints are oxidizing and coloring agents. They are not washed off, but when the hair grows back, the natural color is clearly visible at the roots. These funds always have two components.
Oxidizing agents partially destroy their own pigment and form new colorants. Therefore, they always act on keratin, and hair that is too often dyed becomes hard and porous, loses its shine and is difficult to comb. The lower the promised color fastness, the less impact on the hair structure and skin. Hair dyes are divided into 4 main groups: vegetable, salt-based, oxidative, direct (based on aminoanthraquinone derivatives and other products).
Vegetable dyes are absolutely harmless. Henna is especially popular. Oxidizing paints contain substances that are not dyes themselves, but acquire coloring properties only while they are treated with oxidizing agents in an alkaline environment. The oxidizing agents are usually 5-6% hydrogen peroxide solution in the form of emulsion or tablets.
Direct anthraquinone dyes have long been used for dyeing silk, nylon, perlon and other fabrics. They are insoluble in water and are used as dispersions. They can be used to color hair. Salts of silver, copper, nickel, cobalt, iron are also used for hair coloring. The color is stable, but it is not possible to give the hair a natural tone, but only pronounced blond, brown, chestnut, black. Moreover, they are not harmless.
Bleaching:
Bleaching and high-lightening agents include ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. These are the strongest dyes, they neutralize natural hair pigments. Hydrogen peroxide is used in the form of solutions, tablets, and powders. When decomposed, it releases active oxygen, lightening the pigment. When exposed to alkalis, this process is accelerated. A 25% solution of ammonia is used as alkalis.
6-8 drops of ammonia, shampoo and 5-6 drops of glycerin are added to hydrogen peroxide. Before bleaching, the hair is not hydrated to maintain its natural oiliness. With a cotton swab, the hair is moistened with a solution at the roots when short hairand at long hairnot previously painted - starting from the ends. This procedure is done by parting, first on the back of the head, where the hair is always darker. The hair is combed to improve air access. The duration of action of the decolorizing solution is 15-30 minutes.
After bleaching, you need to wash your hair with an alkaline or slightly alkaline detergent and neutralize immediately with acidified water. After 3-5 weeks, when the hair grows back at the roots, bleaching is carried out again, applying the solution only to the hair that has grown at the roots. With the help of different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide solution (from 3 to 15%), dark hair can be given any color - chestnut, brown, bright red, yellow, etc.
Sometimes, after discoloration, unwanted yellowish or reddish tints are obtained. The reason for this phenomenon is that any natural color is a mixture of black-brown and red pigments; when oxidized, only black-brown pigments decompose, and red pigments withstand oxidation. You can correct the situation with tinting (which will wash off over time) or dye your hair in one of the light shades.
To muffle reddish tones, 10-15 drops of an acid dye are added to the solution, and sometimes water is used for rinsing with the addition of violet or blue ink. To give the hair a light golden hue, it is advisable to rinse it with a strong infusion of chamomile (2 tablespoons per glass of boiling water).
Toning:
Foamy, liquid, creamy or combined with a toner fixer (tint shampoos and foams) do not contain oxidants, which are additionally mixed into the paint. The drug is applied to wet hair... Toning with dark pigments will only enhance the natural hair color. Pigments that are the same light shade as the hair can intensify or diversify the natural color. Tints with lighter pigments are invisible on dark hair, but can add nuance to blonde or lightened hair.
Toning does not have a harmful effect on the hair. The color change is completely reversible, since the dye that encloses the hair from the outside is washed off. However, toning will not make your hair lighter. Gray hair cannot be dyed. Dark hair become darker only slightly.
Staining:
Dyeing permanently changes hair color. In packaging for coloring there are always additives that are mixed with the main colorant - these are most often oxidizing agents. The main dye (usually a creamy emulsion) contains only pre-action dyes that penetrate the scaly layer of the hair. Then an oxidizing agent acts, binding the dye of the preliminary stage with the pigments.
There are several types of dyes:
The first, the smallest, is represented by paints containing a small percentage of hydrogen peroxide. They are less persistent, almost do not lighten the hair and remain on the head for two months. The second type of dyes is permanent (persistent) paints. They color the hair in darker tones, emphasize the natural color, and can lighten the hair. Ammonia in combination with peroxide gives hair lightening, and peroxide delays it for a longer period. The paint is practically not washed off.
Dyeing allows you to get any colors and shades. You can lighten your hair two to three steps. Gray hair becomes permanently colored. The paint is not washed off. But when dyeing, hair that has grown from the roots makes itself felt. When dyed in a darker color, it is possible to return the previous hair color, but it is difficult and dangerous for the hair.
Lighteners can lighten hair in two to three steps. The lightening varnish allows you to make your hair half a tone lighter. If you want to become lighter, for example from a medium brown dull color to make a warm golden brown, take a colorizer with a lightening effect. The dye lasts the shortest the first time so the hair does not become lighter than planned. But you can lighten your hair with strands. In this case, the brightening cream is applied to the top layer of the hair with a not too frequent comb. Or you can lighten the hair only in the frame of the face using a lightening varnish. However, it is impossible to apply the varnish more than two or three times in the same place, as you can achieve an undesirably strong clarification.
If you want to get darker, there will be no problem with coloring. This is a more gentle procedure than lightening, because hair pigments are not destroyed, but, on the contrary, are still added. It is better to use soft colorants or toning. When black is obtained, its own original color should be at least medium brown. With more blond hair you need real dye.
Hair with perm, discolored or severely damaged by the sun, it is better to paint at a hairdresser, since the affected areas absorb paint more easily, with inept actions you can paint the head in a variegated color.
Little secrets:
To accurately determine the color of the hair, it is necessary to form a lock with an adhesive tape from the combed hair. This strand is taken with them to the store and compared with the spectrum on the dye packaging. It should be remembered that the upper hair on the head is slightly lighter than the strand of combed hair. Hair dyes also color the skin. This can be avoided by lubricating the ears and facial contours with a greasy cream before coloring.
If there is no orange color inside the hair (light brown hair differs in this), then a pure white tone cannot be obtained in order to leave the hair healthy. Of course, those experimenting at home can add soda, ammonia to the dye and achieve the desired result, but definitely to the detriment of their hair.
The lighter the natural color, the shorter the dyeing process should be. Chemically curled and heavily damaged hair absorb the dye faster. In contrast, dark, healthy hair takes the longest to absorb color. The result of staining cannot be judged by the reflection in the bathroom mirror; a more accurate representation of the color can be obtained when moving and when light falls on the hair.
Completely gray hair can be tinted with blue, which gives it a nice silvery shade. Elderly women are not recommended to dye their hair dark black, it ages, emphasizes wrinkles, flabby skin. Brunettes do not suit either a bright red color or a dark red color - the skin becomes grayish or yellow, the face turns pale.
Natural dyes:
Natural colors do not damage hair or irritate the scalp, although they are not as persistent as chemical dyes. They do not destroy the pigment and form with the natural pigment a new one, close to natural color... When the procedure is repeated every 6-8 weeks, the intensity of the color increases to the degree of chemical action. In addition, natural dyes give hair shine, splendor and elasticity.
It is recommended to rinse blond hair with a decoction of chamomile, cinnamon, hops, turmeric and lemon. Redheads and dark blond hair well stained with henna, sandalwood, cypress, walnuts and hazelnut shells. Severely graying hair lends itself to dyeing only with a combination of vegetable and chemical dyes. Bow. For coloring, take onion peels. 30-50 g of husks are boiled in 200 ml of water for 15-20 minutes, the broth is filtered.
Rhubarb. 150 g of rhubarb stalks are boiled in white grape wine (1/2 l) until half the volume is obtained, then the liquid is rubbed into the hair. For dramatic changes in hair color and very dry hair, rhubarb should not be used.
Chamomile. To obtain a light tone, it is enough to take 100 g of chamomile, for a darker one - 200 g. The raw material is brewed in 500 ml of boiling water, infused for 30-40 minutes, filtered and lemon juice is added. Henna and basma. It is better for brown-haired women and brunettes to use henna with basma for dyeing gray hair. This combination gives the hair a brown or black color.
Depending on the length of the hair, take from 25 to 100 g of dry henna and basma powder. The ratio between them varies depending on the desired tone and color intensity. So, equal parts of henna and basma will give a chestnut color, 1 part of henna and 2 parts of basma - black, 2 parts of henna and 1 part of basma - a bronze tint.
The henna and basma powder is thoroughly ground in a glass container. Dishes with powder are placed in a vessel with hot water and brewed with hot water or hot infusion of strong natural coffee or red wine. The powder is rubbed with a wooden spoon to a thick slurry and applied with a cotton swab (on a wooden stick) along the partings on the washed and dried hair. A thin layer of cotton wool is laid at the hairline. Apply the dye from the hair roots to the middle. Areas of the greatest accumulation of gray hair are colored 2-3 times. The rest of the gruel is diluted 1 / 3-1 / 4 with hot water and dye is applied to the ends of the hair. Oilcloth, waxed or newsprint (in two layers) is applied to the head, and tied with a towel on top. The paint is kept from 20-30 minutes (to obtain a light tone) to 1 - 1.5 hours (to obtain a dark tone). After that, the hair is rinsed with warm water. Rinsing with acidified water can be done only after a day.
Hair coloring products
The coloring agent in hair-dyeing compositions can be metal salts, organic chemical compounds, vegetable constituents or mixtures of these substances. Hair dyes (for growing hair) must be very carefully formulated and completely harmless.
Of the hair coloring agents, silver salt preparations are practically applicable, provided that the hair is properly pretreated. Various shades from light to black are achieved by appropriate concentration of solutions or by repainting. Frequent rinsing and brushing will lighten the hair dye over time, so hair dyeing should be repeated from time to time.
Coloring made with metal salts does not penetrate into the hair substance, but remains only on its outer layer and in most cases gives a matte shade.
Organic dyes, when used to make such paints, have many disadvantages; in most cases, they are not very stable and easily decompose, which leads to harmful, even dangerous skin diseases.
Of course, paraphenylenediamine and ursodes cannot be used for dyeing hair, which, although they give good natural shades, are often the cause of serious skin diseases.
The use of organic compounds is based in most cases on the fact that, when exposed to oxygen in the air or a composition that gives off oxygen, they form a dye. It should be noted that the living hair of each individual reacts differently to hair dyes.
In addition, the pre-treatment of hair, its degreasing, etc. is also important. Many people, due to specific sensitivity or individual characteristics (idiosyncrasy), do not tolerate some hair dyes at all.
The most commonly practiced hair coloring is with silver salts. This method is relatively safe and only occasionally gives undesirable side effects. It must be borne in mind that too strong solutions of silver salts gradually destroy the hair substance. Due to the light sensitivity of silver salts, solutions of such substances should always be given in brown bottles.
The method of coloring with the help of silver salts is based on the reduction of these salts into oxide and metallic silver, or on the transition to an insoluble coloring silver compound. Sulfurous alkalis, sulfurous sodium salt or pyrogallol are used as reducing agents. A solution of silver salt without other additives is not suitable for hair coloring. When composing your own compositions of hair dyes, as well as when compiling according to ready-made recipes, you need to make a color test on the palm of your hand (everything that colors the skin also colors the hair, and vice versa). The palm is very sensitive and immediately detects any phenomenon that gives irritation.
Successful coloring depends, as already mentioned, largely on the correct hair pretreatment. Therefore, we draw the reader's attention to the methods of using paints, which must be followed.
It is necessary to carefully protect yourself from possible splashes of coloring solutions, since coloring agents give stains on the skin and dress, which can be removed with great difficulty. Especially you need to protect your eyes. Before dyeing hair, the forehead, neck and all exposed parts of the face and body should be lubricated with petroleum jelly, lanolin or some other skin cream.
Before applying the paint, you should also thoroughly rinse your hair in order to remove dust and grease. However, it should not use alkalis for this, such as soda or potash. Such substances damage the color. Hair should be washed with ordinary clean water, without any admixture of any perfumery or odorous substances. Of the soaps, it is better to use Marseilles or some neutral, or good sound soap, and best of all soap alcohol. After rinsing, the hair should be rinsed thoroughly with clean warm water and then dried with a clean warm towel or a fan blowing a stream of warm air.
Colorful solutions should be applied with a soft brush (you can use a toothbrush), if possible, from the ends to the roots. If you use several solutions, then for each solution you need to use a special brush. After use, the brushes are rinsed with water and dried. The second solution is applied only after a few minutes after the first.
After applying the solutions, the hair should, if possible, be exposed to daylight, since the sun's rays, even scattered and reflected, accelerate the hair coloring process.
The dried hair should be combed several times and then washed again with soap to remove excess dye.
If, after a few hours, the hair turns out to be too dull, dull or pale, then it should be lightly lubricated with a good lipstick containing from 2 to 3% lanolin. Frequent dyeing makes the hair brittle, as a result of which it is recommended to lubricate such hair from time to time with a fat cream.
Spots on the skin caused by solutions containing silver are removed by applying a saturated solution of yellow blood salt or a solution of potassium iodide.
In no case should you dye your hair if there are wounds or abrasions on your head. Of the bleaching agents, there is one harmless agent - this is a 10-20% solution of hydrogen peroxide. After prolonged use of hydrogen peroxide, hair becomes brittle and easily split.
1st recipe is the simplest:
Dissolve 0.35 g of silver nitrogen salt (lapis) in 100 g of distilled water and add, with stirring or shaking, dropwise enough ammonia so that the precipitate formed at the beginning dissolves, and a clear liquid is obtained. The effect of such a coloring agent appears gradually, as a result of which this paint has to be applied several times, depending on the desired tone. The organic matter of the hair itself serves as a reducing agent.
2nd recipe - with sulphurous alkali
Prepare two solutions.
1st solution
For chestnut color
- Lapis 100 g;
- Distilled water 800 g.
For dark chestnut color
- Lapis 50 g;
- Distilled water 150 g;
- Ammonia (10%) 150 g.
For black
- Lapis 100 g;
- Distilled water 600 g.
2nd solution
For chestnut color
- Potassium trisulfide 100 g;
- Distilled water 300 g;
- Wine alcohol (95 °) 300 g.
For dark chestnut color
- Potassium trisulfide 100 g;
- Wine alcohol (95 °) 600 g.
For black
- Potassium trisulfide 100 g;
- Distilled water 300 g;
- Wine alcohol (95 °) 300 g.
For hair coloring, the 1st solution (lapis) is applied earlier, and then the 2nd solution (sulphurous alkali).
This method is not applicable to light blond tones. Pyrogall compositions are suitable for such colors.
3rd recipe - pyrogall
The use of pyrogallol (pyrogallic acid) in hair dyes is based on its easy oxidizability, especially in alkaline solutions. When oxidized, brown, by their nature, little studied, dyes are obtained, therefore, pyrogallol can be used as an independent agent for dyeing hair.
The pyrogallol solution is applied several times over several days until the desired color is achieved. Pyrogallol is a slow-acting hair dye. If metal salts are introduced into the pyrogallol solution, then such a mixture acts much more intensively. By increasing the concentration of the solution or reapplying it to the hair, you can get a number of shades of varying intensity, up to black. In combination with pyrogallol, a nitrogen-silver salt (lapis) is also used. However, it should be noted that pyrogallol is not entirely harmless, since sometimes it causes more or less severe skin inflammation. If it is absorbed by the skin inside, it can cause a number of common diseases.
To obtain more harmless derivatives from pyrogallol, a number of studies are being carried out based on the introduction of acid groups into the pyrogallol molecule. In addition, experiments on replacing pyrogallol with other phenol derivatives are being carried out quite successfully. Some of the commercially available specialty hair dyes contain such synthetic substances.
When applying pyrogall paints also make two solutions.
1st solution
For blond hair
- Pyrogallol 8 g;
- Distilled water 250 g;
- Wine alcohol (95 °) 100 g.
For brown hair
- Pyrogallol 8.5 g;
- Distilled water 250 g;
- Wine alcohol (95 °) 100 g.
For black hair
- Pyrogallol 10 g;
- Distilled water 250 g;
- Wine alcohol (95 °) 100 g.
2nd solution
For blond hair
- Lapis (silver nitrate) 5 g;
- Distilled water 200 g;
- Ammonium alcohol 20 g.
For brown hair
- Lapis (silver nitrate) 8 g;
- Distilled water 150 g;
- Ammonium alcohol 30 g.
For black hair
- Lapis (silver nitrate) 15 g;
- Distilled water 100 g;
- Ammonium alcohol 45 g.
For coloring, a pyrogall solution is first applied, and then a solution of silver salt.
4th recipe - Sulfurous sodium
The solutions below are prepared separately, but immediately before use they are mixed in equal parts.
1st solution
- Sodium sulfate 25 g;
- Distilled water 625 g;
- Wine alcohol (95 °) 350 g.
2nd solution
- Silver nitrate 30 g;
- Distilled water 100 g.
Dissolve and add pure ammonia, with stirring or shaking, until the precipitate dissolves into a barely noticeable haze. Filter the solution in a dark place - preferably through glass wool - and add water to 1 kg. Increasing or decreasing the silver content affects the color tone.
To achieve lighter shades, add a little more ammonia from the very beginning. Since in the latter case the precipitate is completely dissolved, filtration becomes unnecessary.
Bismuth salts color the hair slowly and gradually, as a result of which the use of this agent is almost invisible to outsiders. These products are often referred to as "hair color restorers" because they produce natural hair tones over time, from blond to dark brown. The coloring process is explained by the sulfur content in the hair; it is accelerated by the addition of a sulphurous compound (sulfurous sodium salt or sulfur milk).
To obtain dark tones more quickly, bismuth sulphide is added, and for black tones, except for bismuth and silver salt.
For example, we give a recipe for the manufacture of such a coloring preparation.
Slow acting
- Acetic-bismuth salt 5 g;
- Acetic acid (80%) 1 g;
- Rose water 600 g;
- Glycerin 50 g;
- Sulfur milk (amorphous sulfur in a state of very fine fragmentation) 8 g.
Shake well before use.
Fast acting
- Nitrogen-bismuth salt 20 g;
- Sulfurous sodium salt 50 g;
- Distilled water 400 g.
Means to restore the previous hair color
- Pyrogallic acid 10 g;
- Water 60 g;
- Cologne 320 g.
Move and dampen hair with a brush.
Hair coloring with manganese-potassium salt
Take a solution of 150 g of manganese-potassium salt in 2 liters of distilled water. First, they wash the hair with soap, to degrease it, then use a soft brush to wet the hair with a dilute solution of potassium-manganese salt, and the dyeing begins immediately and gives a brown color. Depending on the degree of dilution of the solution with water, all shades from light blond to black can be obtained. This tool is completely harmless.
Aureol
Aureol is a proprietary hair coloring agent; the color lasts for a very long time. It consists of 1% metol, 0.3% amidophenol hydrochloride, 0.6% monoamidophenylamine, dissolved and 50% wine alcohol, with the addition of 5% sodium sulphide salt.
For coloring, the hair is first washed with soap. Then the aureol is mixed with an equal part of hydrogen peroxide, and the hair, still damp from washing, is combed with a fine comb moistened with this mixture. After 2-3 hours a beautiful dark brown color appears, which can be made darker by repeating the same procedure.
"Rustic" or "Karzi" (Eastern hair dye)
This hair dye gives good results with prolonged and regular use. It is considered harmless.
- Ink nuts 20 g;
- Iron dust 500 g;
- Copper dust 20 g;
- Ambergris 50 g;
- Musk 20 g.
Ink nuts are ground into a fine powder and fried in an iron skillet with constant stirring until the powder takes on a dark brown or blackish color. The powder is mixed with extremely fine iron and copper dust and carefully ground in a mortar. Amber and musk are added and the resulting preparation is stored in a damp place, since only under this condition it acquires the property of dyeing hair black.
When using, take a small amount of powder on your hand, moisten it with water and rub it hard on your hair. After a few days, the hair turns completely black, similar to natural.
According to Landerer's description, a powder of mildly crushed ink nuts is mixed with a small amount of oil and the resulting homogeneous paste is fried in an iron bowl until the release of oil vapors ceases. A small amount of water is added to the residue and then completely dried over the fire.
The resulting mass is slightly moistened and a mixture of metal dust from iron and copper is thoroughly mixed into it. The resulting preparation is stored in a damp place, where it acquires its coloring properties. This preparation, flavored with ambergris or some other aromatic essence, is called "Karzi" in the east.
For hair coloring, a small amount of this drug is crushed between the fingers and rubbed thoroughly with it. After a few days, the hair turns into a very beautiful black color. Hair dyed with this dye becomes soft and shiny and retains its color for a long time after a single use.
Powdered alcanna leaves (Lawsonia incrmis) are called henna. Henna, applied without other additives, gives the hair a reddish tint. By mixing the obtained henna powder with the powder of the leaves of the waida plant (Isatis tinctoria), a dye is obtained that gives the hair beautiful shades, ranging from brown to black.
The application of a mixture of henna and woad is rather difficult and time-consuming, but the resulting shades are very beautiful, and besides, henna, in addition to its coloring properties, is credited with a beneficial effect on the hair. Henna is mixed with waida and the mixture is kneaded with water in the form of a thick porridge. The hair is smeared with this porridge so that it is completely covered with it, and then the head is wrapped in warm scarves. Depending on the composition of the mixture and the time spent on staining, different shades are obtained.
For a blond and dark blond shade, take henna 40 weight. hours, waids - 80 wt. h; Duration of application: for blond - about 45 minutes, for dark blond - about 1 hour 15 minutes.
For brown-haired and brunettes: henna - 30 wt. hours, waids - 90 wt. h; duration of use; for brown-haired people - about 1 hour 30 minutes, for brunettes - about 4 hours.
We repeat that the resulting color depends on both the length of time and the ratio between henna and waida. Henna staining is harmless.
Preparations for coloring hair from walnut shells
Liquid preparation
- Ordinary alum powder 60 g;
- Rose water 240 g.
The components are ground and mixed in a mortar. Squeeze well and add 30 g of alcohol (90 °) for every 100 g of liquid. Leave to stand in a closed vessel for 4 days, filter and flavor with perfume oil.
Preparation in the form of oil
- Green walnut shells 240 g;
- Ordinary alum 30 g;
- Olive oil 1.2 kg.
Grind alum and walnut shells in a mortar, add olive oil and heat in a sand bath with stirring until all moisture evaporates, squeeze out, filter the resulting oil and flavor.
Lipstick formulation
- Green walnut shells 900 g;
- Ordinary alum 120 g;
- Olive oil 1.44 kg;
- Palm oil 240 g;
- White wax 180 g.
Heated with stirring in a water bath until all moisture evaporates, filter and add 600% of any lipstick previously melted in a water bath to an almost cooled mass. Only freshly prepared walnut juice is valid, as it quickly loses its coloring properties.
Chinese liquid for coloring eyebrows and eyelashes in black color "Kohol"
- Gum arabic 300 g;
- Chinese ink 500 g;
- Rose water 10 l.
Gum and ink are ground into powder, mixed, and small amounts of the resulting powder are added to the rose water until a uniform black liquid, free of grains, is formed. This liquid is poured into one bottle and the remainder of the rose water is added to it. This tool is completely harmless.
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