Perm for medium hair with bangs. Types of perm: names, photos

Today, beauty salons offer the fair sex a large number of different hairstyle transformation procedures. And to create curls, perm has been used for a long time, which has many variations and varieties, which has earned itself a special popularity among women.

What it is?

Permed hair is a hairdressing service, thanks to which you can permanently and radically change your hairstyle, regardless of the original haircut, making curly or wavy curls. Curled curls of any shape and size, with proper care, will retain their attractiveness for a fairly long period, due to which chemistry has not gone out of fashion for several decades. Over time, manufacturers have worked on the quality of the chemicals used, in the light of which many products have appeared that have a more gentle effect on the structure of the hair shaft. Besides, modern species fixators, neutralizers and curlers made it possible to use new types of perm, which made the procedure still in demand today.

A feature of chemistry is its versatility, because not every woman of the fair sex has been endowed with beautiful and lush curls by nature. Curls will suit almost every woman and girl, thanks to curls, hair volume increases, in addition, the features and oval of the face become more feminine and soft. The essence of such a perm is the effect of special compounds on the structure of the hair shaft. After a short amount of time after treatment with the drug, they penetrate into the hair. In its natural state, the rod has a rounded shape, and the reagent penetrating inside, interacting with the keratin of the hair, opens its cuticle, destroying some bonds.

This allows you to give the curls the chosen shape, they become lighter and more obedient, therefore they take the form of the used bobbins or curlers. But chemicals deplete the hair shaft, and natural keratin is also replaced by meta-keratin. Therefore, specialized post-curling care is a must. In the course of chemistry, the hair is in contact with fixing substances twice - for the first time, when the formulations work in order to open the hair cuticle, and then to consolidate the result, when the master applies a neutralizer to the hair, fixing the created wave or curls.

The history of perming in beauty salons distinguishes many domestic and foreign brands among manufacturers of preparations for working with hair. Modern curling products are marketed by popular brands such as Schwarzkopf, Wella and L "Oreal. In addition to well-known companies around the world, companies specializing in the manufacture and sale of a professional line of hair products are engaged in the production of chemistry products, such as Estel, Paul Mitchell and Moss. Such a variety allows the master to choose the composition, focusing on the condition of the hair, the type and length of the strands, their color, etc.

Today, you can even perm on colored curls, the main thing is to maintain a certain interval between procedures. However, a rather serious test for hair can be perm on bleached strands, from which pigment has been removed in such an aggressive way more than once. For hair that has not been dyed, the harm from the effects of the formulations will be less noticeable. As for the thin hair shafts, in this case it is worth choosing the most gentle varieties of the transformation of curls.

Very often, chemistry is recommended for girls who want to add extra volume to their hair. For such purposes, hairdressers offer customers local types of curling, during which there is no need for the hair shaft to come into contact with aggressive substances along the entire length.

As a rule, a root perm allows you to correct natural curls or make a haircut more luxuriant. Despite the active work of manufacturers on curling compositions, the procedure still has a number of contraindications. These include the following points:

during pregnancy and lactation, you should temporarily abstain from curling;
too damaged hair shafts;
reusable discoloration of curls;
individual intolerance to the components of the fixing preparations used;
hair coloring with henna, basma or other natural dyes;
taking hormonal drugs;
the presence of diseases of the skin on the head;
abrasions and wounds.

Perm technology makes it possible to perform it at home, however, in order to achieve a beautiful and durable result, as well as competent selection of the composition for working with hair, it is better to entrust its implementation to the masters of their craft. Curly curls can be a decoration for any type of appearance and hair color. But a beautiful result, which will really be in harmony with the appearance of a woman, is achieved only with the correct selection of the shape and size of the curls.

As the long-term practice of curling hair shows, it is best to choose small curls for thin and sparse rods. For a round oval face, the size of the curly curls created should gradually decrease towards the tips. As for the rectangular or square type of appearance, the masters recommend making a perm with large horizontally arranged curls. Hair length will be one of the governing factors when sizing your curler. On long hair, you can use various variations and shapes of curls, additional waves and curls will only emphasize the natural attractiveness of the curls.

Medium hair length will allow you to make root chemistry or curl them only at the ends. In this case, you can use various techniques, combining and alternating them with each other. However, trusting your imagination, it should be borne in mind that some types of curling can significantly affect the length of the curls in the end. Therefore, combining different ways, you should trust the opinion of an experienced master in a beauty salon.

Chemistry for short hair should be carried out only by the hands of a specialist in order to correctly select the composition, its concentration and the option of wrapping strands of the minimum size.

Advantages and disadvantages

Perm, like any procedure performed with hair, has positive and negative features. Its advantages include such moments:

with the help of chemistry, it will be possible to radically transform any image, haircut and image as a whole;
in comparison with other procedures for creating curls, the effect of waves or curls will last for a very long time;
chemistry is a universal service, so it can be performed on hair of any length;
today masters in salons offer customers many types of perm;
after the procedure, styling will take several times less time, in some cases you can even do without it.

For all its advantages, chemistry is not devoid of a number of negative features. The disadvantages of the procedure include the following points:

as it already became clear from the name, the technology of hair curling is carried out using aggressive agents that harm the health of the hair;
after contact with drugs, the curls will be dehydrated, which will negatively affect the appearance, lead to fragility, and also require the purchase of specialized care products;
perm has a number of contraindications that reduce the possibility of its implementation in a given period.

Chemistry should not be performed too often, as the curls will take time to recover.

Views

This salon service can be classified according to the type of compounds used for work.

Neutral

Such a perm is considered to be universal, since there are no contraindications for it regarding the type of hair. A similar gentle curling can be done on any hair shaft. As a result of the procedure carried out, very elastic curls of different sizes are formed on the strands, depending on the curlers used. As a rule, the effect of neutral chemistry lasts from 3 to 5 months on the hair, the retention of the result and its duration will depend on the structure of the strands.

Acidic

The agent used includes thioglycolic acid. Despite this, the drug is not too aggressive, so the damage to the hair from it will be minimal. The result of contact with the hair shaft and curlers will be the formation of tough curls that can maintain their elasticity for a month. This type of curling is not recommended for thin hair, as it will straighten very quickly. Also, a contraindication for working with acidic formulations is increased dryness of the skin and curls.

Alkaline

Due to the penetration of alkali into the hair cuticle, the effect of curly curls can persist for 3 months. According to the reviews of clients who used an alkaline perm, there is a rather natural look of curls, which will also be very soft to the touch. A short result from this procedure is noted on hard strands, which will very quickly take on their original appearance.

Amino acid

The masters recommend to make such a perm for girls whose hair needs treatment. A feature of the tools used is the presence of amino acids and proteins, which have a positive effect on the health of the curls. The negative aspect of this procedure will be the short duration of the created curls.

Amino acid perm is not suitable for long, coarse hair shafts, as they will very quickly become even under their weight.

Biowave

A feature of such a gentle curling will be the replacement of most chemicals with natural ingredients.

Basal

A local kind of chemistry, a feature of which is to work only with the area near the roots. After such a procedure, the hairstyle will receive additional volume, which can persist for a long period or for several weeks. In this case, everything will depend on the fixing products used.

Silk

The name is due to the presence of silk proteins in the fixing compositions, which have a beneficial effect on the condition of the hair after the procedure. The effect lasts for 5-6 months. However, the service stands out for its high cost due to the specificity of the drugs used.

American

Among the modern varieties of chemistry, this is the most popular option. This is due to the expressive result. Curls are wound on special large curlers that create lush curls without any creases in length.

African

This look is in demand among women with thin and thin hair. As a rule, this chemistry is performed on haircuts with medium shoulder length hair. A special feature of the procedure is to obtain an incredible volume. However, such a result will require a specific approach to follow-up care. It will be quite difficult to style small and curly curls.

Japanese

Gentle chemistry of a new generation, which is distinguished by the lipid-protein composition of the used fixatives for curls. According to experts, after contact with the preparations, the hair receives the missing amount of moisture, so that it is relevant for brittle and overdried hair shafts, which have been frequently dyed or daily styled with hot air. The effect on hair lasts from 2 to 5 months.

Carving

This variety is recommended for hair of medium length, it is also carried out on short haircuts with curls, the size of which does not exceed 20 centimeters. The curls after such a perm have a natural appearance, the volume of the hairstyle increases due to the additional splendor at the roots. A feature of carving is the surface contact of chemical compounds with the hair shaft.

Spiral

A suitable option for long and thick hair, on which horizontal chemistry simply does not twist. A distinctive feature of such chemistry is the technology of working with hair, during which the curlers on the head are placed vertically, and the curls are twisted in a spiral. It will be possible to style such a curl as beautifully as possible by creating a wet effect.

Electric curling

The master can recommend this type of service only for healthy hair. The process of creating curls is carried out by working with hair using an apparatus on which the heating temperature is regulated.

Chemistry is also classified by the type of curlers used for wrapping strands. Today, craftsmen use the following devices:

papillotes that will help create voluminous curls on your hair;
boomerangs - allowing to make natural waves;
rollers - necessary in the course of working on an American curling;
stick-shaped polymer bobbins - necessary for curling the hair at the roots;
curlers-sticks with grooves, used in the spiral technique of curling curls.

Winding strands

Based on the technique of winding the strands on the selected type of curlers, today such techniques stand out.

Classic horizontal hair curling

The master can do a similar chemistry with different curlers. They differ in diameter, in addition, in the process of curling, several types of bobbins are often combined. This method makes it possible to obtain a more natural effect on the hair.

Basal

In this case, the hairdresser will only work with the hair roots. By winding them on curlers, it turns out to create volume in this area. The principle of fixing the strand involves winding the hair in the shape of a half-figure, with a freely falling length of curls.

Spiral way

In the course of such chemistry, curls of the minimum size are formed on the hair, due to their large number, the hairstyle becomes very lush. The hair is twisted on a bobbin, previously twisted into bundles of small thickness.

Double curling curls

A similar technique is practiced on long hair. As a rule, the process involves working with the root zone using thin curlers, when the remaining length is already fixed with devices of a suitable diameter based on the desired appearance of the final curl.

Curling ends

Another kind of local chemistry. In this case, the master twists the hair on different curlers, and the technique of fixing them is also selected individually.

Creating large curls

To achieve this result, the master will use curlers with a maximum diameter. The technology for creating such a curl requires paying special attention to the contact time of the hair shafts with the fixer. The longer the composition will interact with the hair, the harder the resulting wave will be.

Waves

Natural curves in the hair, following the contours of the sea wave, are obtained when the master uses ribbon-shaped bobbins that are pulled through the strands.

Afro curls

Such a curling is obtained when working with small papillotes or spiral curlers. As a rule, the very process of working with hair will be quite painstaking, therefore it will take at least 3 hours.

"On a pigtail"

This chemistry is done on medium-length hair. The essence of the process is to weave braids in a tight way, while the master additionally twists their ends with bobbins.

"On a hairpin"

In this case, the curls are wound on a special device in the form of a hairpin.

Chemistry "Gemini"

The effect on the hair is achieved by combining two curling techniques. The master divides the hair into two halves, with one he works in a vertical way, and winds the other horizontally.

Short curl

In this case, the master selects the option and size of the winding device based on the length and thickness of the hair. Usually, they work with short curls by winding them in a rectangle, in a vertical way, or choosing curls for curling in a checkerboard pattern.

Children's chemistry

This method involves the use of a special cap by the master, which prevents the composition from getting on the scalp. Having put it on, the master will take turns removing the strands from the holes, winding them on curlers, processing them with a fixing compound.

Preparation for the procedure

In order to cause a minimum of harm to the hair shafts during the curling process, you should prepare for the transformation of the image in advance. Preliminary work with hair before chemistry will consist of the following stages.

The most important step, on which the result will largely depend, there will be an assessment of the structure of the curls. It involves determining the strength and density, as well as the elasticity and type of hair shafts. The need for such a procedure is due to the subsequent selection of a means for fixing curls based on these characteristics. For example, for thick hair, you will need to use drugs with the maximum fixing effect. Thin curls are treated with gentle means.
An assessment of the skin is necessary in light of the fact that even with the slightest abrasions or irritations on the head, contact with fixing substances will be contraindicated until the epidermis is completely healed and restored.
The next step in preparing for a perm will be an allergy test, which is performed for all clients. To exclude the possibility of a negative reaction of the skin to the formulations used, for a quarter of an hour, the master applies a small amount of the curling compound behind the ear. In the absence of any manifestations on the skin, you can carry out perm.
Testing of the fixative on the hair is necessary for the master in order to correctly establish the amount and concentration of the means for opening the hair cuticle. There are times when the curls do not withstand contact with the drug and break.
In some cases, a haircut is done before curling to remove split ends and to give the hair the desired shape. However, this stage is not necessary, the haircut can be done after chemotherapy.
Before chemistry, you need to wash your hair along the entire length using a special shampoo. This tool will soften the flakes so that the retainers can penetrate inside faster.

Execution technique

After completing all the preparatory activities, you should collect all necessary tools, tools and devices for work. For curling, you will need the following set:

container for diluting the composition of glass or porcelain;
plastic comb with a sharp end;
measuring cup;
bobbins;
rubber bands or hair clips;
polyethylene cap;
sponges for treating curls with a fixative and a neutralizer.

The curling process itself is performed according to the following approximate scheme.

First, the master divides the entire mass of hair into strands of uniform width. In order for the effect to be harmonious, their size should not exceed the length of the curlers used. To make this process go quickly and correctly, it is best to divide the hair into two vertical partings, fixing the strands with elastic bands or a clip. Further from the vertical borders, you will need to perform a horizontal parting behind the ears.
The back of the head must be divided into 3 equal zones using vertical parting. After all the hair has been divided, you can proceed to the perm itself.
The processing of the strands starts from the center of the back of the head. The curl is separated and moistened with a retainer, and then screwed onto the curlers. The ends of the hair should protrude no more than 1-2 centimeters; they will need to be pulled up and bent inward, moving along the twisting of the entire strand. Having twisted the entire zone, the hair is again moistened with the composition, after which the work is carried out with the temporal and parietal parts.
After all the hair has been curled and treated with a fixative, it must be hidden under a cap. The holding time of the composition will depend on the desired result and the type of chemistry used.
Over time, the hair, together with the curlers, should be rinsed under running water without using any additional products. With shampoo, you can wash your hair a little later. The fixing agent is washed off with water for 5-6 minutes.
After the hair has dried out a little, after 5-10 minutes you can start unwinding the bobbins, as well as reprocessing the curls with a fixer, which is kept on the curls for only a few minutes. This portion should also be washed off with plain water.
Then it is the turn of the treatment of curls with a neutralizer. The composition rinses the hair about 2-4 times.
Styling and drying are the final stages of a perm.

How long does it last?

Chemistry is not a procedure to make curls permanently curly. However, the effect of it persists for a long period. Depending on the composition of the curling products used, curls can stay on your hair for 2 to 9 months. However, the visual appeal of such an image will require regular correction of regrown roots, as well as the removal of split ends.

The duration of the created effect will be influenced by the structure of the hair shafts, their length. On short haircuts, the curling lasts several times longer. The result will also depend on the type of curls, as practice shows, body waves will become even much earlier.

In the process of natural hair growth, the border between the regrown and curled parts will be very noticeable. In this case, it is recommended to use a local root perm. As for the repeated full perm, it can be done no earlier than after a year.

Care

Since the effect of curly curls, which lasts for several months, is performed using chemistry, the hair shafts after such contact will need specific care. Masters recommend to care for your hair as follows.

You need to wash your hair only with specialized formulations. There are shampoos and beauty care complexes on sale that will strengthen and restore the structure of the damaged hair shaft.
After any composition for curling, even the most gentle, the hair will be overdried, so regular nourishing masks for curly hair will become an indispensable step in terms of care. Can be used folk remedies or store-bought products containing collagen, keratins and panthenol. As for homemade masks, formulations based on nettle and hops, various moisturizing and nourishing essential oils can be used as a suitable option.
The beauty of hair after chemotherapy can be maintained if you start taking fish oil.
It will be possible to maintain a well-groomed appearance for a long time with regular shearing of the ends, as well as using special oils and creams.
Comb the hair with a wide-toothed brush. Some women, after curling, do without a comb at all, modeling their hair with their fingers.
To consolidate the result within 2-3 days after the procedure, you should refrain from washing your hair. It is best to dry curls naturally, without a hairdryer, gently blotting along the entire length. You should not go to bed with wet hair.

After chemotherapy, the hair will be overdried, so it is worth hiding them from ultraviolet radiation under headdresses.

Styling

The curls that are formed after chemistry will significantly change the original look of the girl's hairstyle and haircut, by this time you should be ready in advance. Immediately after perm, hair should be given some time to adapt. Beauty salons recommend that you refrain from using a hair dryer and styling products for a week. You can start braiding and styling curly curls only after 3-4 days. A similar resting phase is necessary for the hair shafts in order for the curls to finally take shape.

For further work with the hairstyle, it is worth getting sprays, mousses and gels, which can be alternated with each other, creating different images on the hair.

As for short haircuts with a perm, they are usually styled with wax or gel.Fixing the curls does not take much time, it will be enough to take a small amount of the chosen product in the palm of your hand and wrinkle your hair a little. You can raise the strands at the roots so that the haircut acquires splendor and texture. Chemistry for short haircut With a bang. It is left flat and the rest of the hair is curled. Further creation of a beautiful and feminine image is achieved by decorating the head with headbands, ribbons or other similar decorative accessories.

You can also create a beautiful hairstyle with chemistry by styling your hair with wax, creating a wet effect.The longer the hair, the more options for styling curled strands. Curls can be collected on one side at the top or, if the length permits, under the ear. The strands that fall out are fixed with invisibility. On medium-length hair, it will be possible to collect the hair as high as possible at the back of the head, fixing and arranging the strands so that some of them fall forward, and the rest - back. Hair to the shoulders and below with small curls or voluminous curls can be left loose, creating the effect of wet hair.

Curls can be dried with a diffuser to give the curl volume and airiness to create the fullest possible style.

The classic styling option involves applying to wet hair foam or mousse, excluding the root zone. Then you need to tilt your head forward, squeezing the curls with your hands from the ends to the roots. Having finished with this procedure, a parting is done, even or oblique of choice, and the hair is dried with a hairdryer or naturally. This option is versatile and, at the same time, very convenient for long hair.

To add shine to curly curls, you can use wax, which will help fix the chosen styling option, as well as give extra expressiveness to the hair.

The first experiments to create a long-term effect of curled hair were undertaken back in 1925. The invention was patented in 1937, and perm only gained wide popularity in the 50s of the XX century. Initially, this procedure was carried out by two methods - steam and electric. However, with the development of the hairdressing industry, these types of perm have become history.

Let's find out what types of hair curling exist now and all their additional directions. As well as the methods of carrying out this procedure and what composition should be in the preparations for winding the strands.

Types of permanent hair curling

In the XXI century, hairdressing masters offer 3 main types of long-term hair curling:

permanent;
cold wave.

Let's find out more about each of them.

Hair curling method

With the help of carving, light, voluminous waves of curls are obtained, as close as possible to the effect of a natural curl. The preparation used for carving is gentle, suitable for thin, brittle, colored hair lacking volume.

The strands are wound without stretching, easily fixing on large curlers. When making a perm using the carving method, do not rely on tight curls. The effect that this type of curling gives is large curls.

Permanent hair curling

Permanent curling is used with the use of a special preparation and thermal effect on the hair. After wrapping, the strands are treated with a chemical agent and then warmed up in a dryer.

The effect of the permanent is small tight curls.

Cold curling hair

This is the most popular type of permanent hair curling that allows you to create waves of various shapes, stiffness and diameter. Cold waving has a huge number of varieties of strand wrapping and processing compositions.

Preparations for cold curling are of different intensity - from gentle to concentrated formulations.

Winding methods

Permed hair can be done in several ways. Let's find out more about them.

Horizontal. This is the most common type of wrapping for bobbins of different diameters. The hairline is divided into the occipital, temporal, parietal, crown parts. The sticks are placed strictly horizontally. The volume of the strand should be equal to the thickness of the bobbin used. To securely fix the tip of each curl, use special paper.
Vertical. Curling with this type of curling of hair is done in the reverse order - from root to end, evenly distributing the strand along the entire length of the bobbin. The hairline is divided into horizontal lines, and the bobbins are fixed in an upright position. Such a perm of hair looks most impressive, done on cone-shaped bobbins.
Spiral. This type of curling is performed on special spiral-shaped sticks. The wrapping is done from the top of the head by placing one bobbin on top of another.
Annular. The wrapping is performed on flexible sticks, which are shaped into a ring and then fixed.
Rectangular. The hair is divided into small strands in blocks. Wide plastic bobbins are used as stylers, on which curls are wound.

winding methods

Types of root volume

Modern types of perm for hair have a separate direction - the creation of long-term root volume. The main techniques for adding visual splendor to hairstyle are as follows.

"Fleece". It is done by strong combing of the parietal, upper occipital, temporal zones. The fleece is treated with a special compound, and then fixed in the raised state. The result after this procedure lasts up to two months. The effect is natural volume, without creases. Suitable for absolutely all hair types. Fleece formulations are designed in two types - the first for bleached, dry, brittle, and the second for normal hair.
"Buffant". The procedure is similar to fleece, only Velcro curlers are placed under each combed strand to give a more pronounced volume. They can be used to accentuate the effect on the desired areas of the head. Produced with the same composition as the fleece.
"Boost up". This type of root volume is suitable for long hair that has lost its splendor due to its weight. The procedure is very painstaking and requires high skill from the hairdresser. Each strand, 3-4 mm thick, is wound by the method of eight on special pins, then treated with the composition and removed. The resulting effect looks like a shallow ripple. The result lasts 4-5 months. Great for lovers of high pile styling.

before and after photos

Basic rules for perm

All types of hair curling for a long time must be done, observing the following rules.

It is necessary to make a visual diagnosis of the condition of the hair and scalp. If the skin is damaged, you should refuse to carry out a perm until it is completely healed. If the drug gets on open wounds, it threatens allergic reactions, destruction of the hair follicle, which leads to further loss. Excessively weakened hair should also not be permed.
The procedure for curling hair treated with basma or henna is performed in the same way as for hair dyed with permanent dyes.
It is strictly forbidden to do "chemistry" if the hair has been subjected to acid washing or bleaching (pickling). This leads to the destruction of the medulla (core) of the hair - it loses its strength and simply breaks off.
The repeated perm can be done only after there are no traces of the previous one.
It is unacceptable to use metal tools while curling. This reduces the effect of the drug.
Vials with the composition and neutralizer cannot be printed in advance, and also stored open. Contact of the drug with oxygen oxidizes it, weakens the curling effect.
Masters performing this procedure must definitely use a mask and gloves.
It is important not to violate the temperature regime of storage of drugs.
In no case should you use a composition for perming hair on eyelashes. If it gets on the mucous membrane, it leads to burns and blindness.
Hair should be dyed 10 days before or 10 days after curling. The neutralizer (fixative) contains high concentration of hydrogen peroxide, which can negatively affect the quality of the staining.
After the end of the perm procedure, it is undesirable to wash or wet your hair for a day.

Any type of perm must be carried out exclusively in hairdressing salons under the close supervision of a master. It is strictly forbidden to do "chemistry" independently, at home, since the living space is not equipped with proper ventilation, and there is also a high risk of harm to hair.

Requirements for formulations for perm

An important point in the hair curling procedure is not only the skill of the hairdresser, but also the quality of the preparations with which it is carried out. They must have the following properties.

Throughout the entire duration of the drug declared by the manufacturer, the resulting curl should not lose its original shape.
Natural hair that has not been dyed should not change color under the influence of the drug.
The composition should not irritate the skin. At the first sign of allergy, the drug should be washed off immediately and an antihistamine should be taken.
A high-quality preparation is easily washed off without leaving a film-like feeling on the hair.
In order to avoid unpleasant situations, it is necessary to do a test for sensitivity to the chemical composition - apply the product to the elbow bend, and after half an hour check the skin reaction. This will help to refuse the procedure in time and maintain health.

How to choose a composition for a perm

What should be the composition of the drugs

Most of the hair perm products offered by the beauty industry are based on thioorganic compounds or their derivatives. This is due to the fact that thioglycolic acid has unique property creating disulfide bonds in the hair for a long period. The higher the concentration of thioglycolic compounds in the preparation, the less time it takes to create a hard curl.

The main disadvantage of thioorganic derivatives is that when in contact with oxygen, a reaction of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan is released. As a result, a pungent unpleasant odor appears.

If you work with such drugs for a long time in poorly ventilated rooms without protective equipment, you can provoke the following complications.

Decrease in the level of blood platelets - white blood cells.
Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
Frequent headaches.
Disruption of the endocrine system.

It is strictly forbidden to perm pregnant women, since thioglycol is a toxic compound, therefore inhalation of its vapors can negatively affect the health of the fetus.

How is perm done - step by step instructions

To carry out a perm, you will need the following devices:

bobbins or curlers of the required diameter;
cellophane peignoir;
rubber gloves;
plastic or glass bowl;
sponge;
plastic or ceramic combs.

When all the necessary tools are at hand, you can proceed directly to the procedure.

The head is carefully washed with a deep cleaning shampoo with massaging movements. It opens the hair scales to improve the permeability of the composition into the cortex. Washing should be done with fingertips to avoid damaging the scalp. Do not treat with balsam. If a haircut is planned, then it should be carried out before a perm.
Cover the person with a waterproof peignoir. A disposable collar or towel should be used to protect the neck.
Roll your hair with bobbins or curlers while wet. To fix the tip of the strand, you need to use special paper. Curl the hair without pulling the hair, but at the same time, so that it does not hang from the bobbin.
Pour the composition into a bowl, foam it with a sponge. Apply the resulting foam evenly to the previously wound strands. Work with gloves.
After holding the required time, check the quality of the curl. If the result is satisfactory, then, without removing the bobbins, wash off the main composition with an abundant amount of hot water. If a desired result not achieved - apply the product again and wait for the allotted time.
Wipe off excess moisture with a towel, then apply the fixative, after foaming it. After holding the main time, remove the bobbins, apply the fixative to the entire hair length and wait 2-3 minutes.
Rinse your hair with a stabilizing shampoo to consolidate the result and treat with a nourishing balm.
It is advisable to do the first styling after the curling procedure with a diffuser - this way the curls will be more securely fixed in the desired position.

A properly selected type of perm for hair visually increases its volume. Long strands are suitable for curling with large curls, for medium, cut - any kind. "Chemistry" made on thin bobbins will help short hair acquire a voluminous shape.

As a conclusion, let us recall that permed hair is weakened. It is necessary to carry out their regular nutritional care in the form of masks. Comb curled hairstyles carefully starting from the end of the hair. It is advisable to use combs with a large distance between the teeth. To prevent split ends, they should be treated daily with argan or sea buckthorn oil. By following these basic guidelines for the care of curls, the effect of curling is prolonged and the appearance of the hair is improved.

Classic perm

It is difficult to find at least one representative of the beautiful half of the world's population, who has never worn curls in her life. But their resistance is different. The edge is often enough for all efforts for a couple of days. And then - again a curling iron, curlers or tight braids for the night. However, there is a more reliable way - perm. But even this hairstyle has its pros and cons.

Such different chemistry

There are several types of perm. And the most common is permanent. This hairstyle guarantees curls for several months. The whole secret is in the treatment of hair with a special solution. It destroys the natural shape of the hairs and forces them to maintain the new shape given by the curlers. This is followed by a commit, and new form stays for a certain time, as in the photos from our gallery.

This method is more than a hundred years old. In 1906, Karl Nessler introduced such a hairstyle for the first time. But the technology incredibly spoiled the hair, often the masters simply burned the hair of the clients. Currently, new subspecies appear constantly, which means that you need to at least understand the main ones. After all, it is desirable to use a method that is safer for the hair.

Acidic and alkaline

The first varieties, acid and alkaline perms, have not lost their popularity to this day. They are the most persistent, this is their secret. And the fact that these species are the most harmful for this reason is forgotten. Acidic reagents do not open hair scales, and curls retain increased rigidity. But after such manipulations, thin and soft strands stretch out at the roots, they do not hold the shape. But they become brittle. You cannot carry out such procedures with dry types of hair, as well as with sensitive or problem skin.

Less resistant alkaline perm will last three months. But the curls will be elastic and will look natural. The drug penetrates the scales, in contrast to the acidic composition. However, for heavy straight hair, this kind of hairstyle creation is very difficult. The result will last no longer than one and a half months, however, and the hairstyle will cost twenty percent less.

There is a type of acid perm with thioglycolic acid. But this option is very unstable. After the procedure is completed, curls will lose their shape quickly. But this type harms the hair even less than acid and alkaline perms. The preparations do not cause significant swelling of the hairs and this method is recommended for curling damaged or colored strands (see photo).

Neutral

In this version, they agreed best performance alkaline and acidic varieties. The preparations contain allantoin to soften the strands, and the PH level is just perfectly balanced. The technique is universal, the perm is notable for good durability, strong and elastic curls.

Amino acid

From the name it is clear that the composition contains amino acids. There are useful for hair proteins. Hair is styled and cared for. The negative effect of the drug is neutralized, but the resistance is also low. Heavy long hair after the procedure will remain practically unchanged: the curls will straighten under the weight of the hair.

Silk

The reagent contains silk proteins that take care of weakened hair. , but the durability of the hairstyle will not last long. A couple of months - and you will have to say goodbye to soft natural curls. Only short ones or they can last longer.

Biowave

With this technique, there is no chemistry in the preparation. The hairstyle is held in place by components similar to the natural composition of the hair. The hair gets a healthy shine. There are also several varieties of biowave. There is bamboo based on an extract from the plant of the same name, Italian or "angel curls". In the composition of preparations for the Japanese chemical. curling - a complex of fats and proteins for problem hair. The moisture is regulated by the two-phase preparation itself, and the hair looks natural, acquiring a healthy shine. The stiffness of the hairstyle is average, the method is shown for strands of medium length.

When choosing any method, the master can use a special hat with holes through which the strands are pulled for the next. The skin is reliably protected from drugs, so even its increased sensitivity will not become an obstacle to the procedure.

What types of curls are

The drug determines the time that the hairstyle will remain unchanged, and the type of curl determines how the strand is wound. Papillots were replaced by different-sized curlers. With their help, the hair gets luxurious soft rings, very similar to natural ones. These options are good for any hair length. Bobbins will provide many options for curls. With an average length, the master usually advises vertical chemistry. With her, the strand is wound from tip to root completely, the bobbin is fastened vertically.

On a long head of hair, the strand is partly fixed with a thin bobbin, the rest - with a larger one. With this chemistry, the curls are more spectacular, smaller at the root and larger downward. Thin strands are thin bobbins. In the salon, only medium and long strands are curled in this way. If you need curls "a la snake ring", then you need a hairpin and short hair. The effect ensures that the moistened strand is wound onto the hairpin, the bend of which lies towards the root. Styling gets volume. Studs are not made of metal, and oxidation does not occur.

You can also curl with braids. The mass of hair is braided into tight thin pigtails, fixing the ends with bobbins. The result will be a real mane of lush wavy strands. On long curls, "twin" curls are very effective. Half of the hair is twisted vertically, the rest - horizontally.

In the American method, different drugs are used. As a result, tight curls are perfect for ladies with chunky features. The complexity of the curler design is the main feature of the hairstyle.

But progress has not bypassed attention and chemistry. Curlers are no longer a necessary styling attribute. Each strand is placed in special latex bags. As they contract, they curl their hair. These devices are called wellaformers. Curls are fluffy and soft. However, this option is only for medium and. It is impossible to wind short hair at the roots, the strands remain straight in this area.

Owners of short hair can get it with the help of root chemistry. The curls are still in shape, the drug is needed only to restore the shape of the curl near the root. The strands rise, slightly drying out. Usually, such a procedure is carried out only on the back of the head, because the regrown hair that is not curled at the root immediately attracts attention.

Curling the very ends is necessary for a lady with a triangular face shape. Tonic, rare and cut by a ladder or a cascade of hair are perfect for such a perm. They will remain obedient and fluffy after her.

How is chemistry done in the salon

When both the curling method and the shape of the curl are determined, it is necessary to find a real master who will carry out the procedure with high quality. If there is no information about a specialist, then trusting his hair is risky. And only a real pro will offer the best option. In this case, a hair break test and compatibility with the skin preparation is required.

A test behind the ear is needed to determine the possibility of allergy to the composition used. For this purpose, a small amount of the preparation is applied with a thin stick near the ear. In the absence of discomfort, it is fashionable to start the procedure in a quarter of an hour. A lock test is also required. This is necessary to determine the amount of reagent. If the hair dulls or the appearance of the strand deteriorates, less concentration is required. If the master proposes to proceed without testing, it is safer to contact another specialist.

With discolored strands or very weakened, it is better not to carry out the procedure, which will be warned by a real pro. If the hairs break during testing, it is safer to refuse from chemistry. If there are henna residues on the hair after, they will interfere with the penetration of the reagent. True, this does not interfere with the use of a composition of alcohol and oil, but such a composition is too time consuming.

After staining, you need to wait a while. After chemistry, the color will become lighter. It is contraindicated to carry out chemistry on critical days, since the strands are inelastic at this time. The temperature should not drop below twenty degrees. And during the procedure, filing is mandatory. With it, winding up will become more effective. If necessary, then it is done before chemical perm, so as not to get shorter strands. In addition, this procedure will get rid of fluffy ends, and the hairstyle will acquire a complete and elegant look. After milling - wash to close open the flakes for easy penetration.

Then - winding up. Excessive stress is unacceptable, because this can cause deformation of the strands. Immediately after winding, it is worth assessing the evenness of the bobbins, whether they fit snugly to the head. Tightness is unacceptable, tails and hairs should not stick out from the hairstyle. If you don't like the look, it is better not to apply the preparation, but to re-fix the bobbins. The final result depends on the winding. And then the curling itself follows.

Before starting, apply fat cream on the hairline, tie the head with a tourniquet made of a long towel so as not to spoil the clothes with the drug. Protection is a towel over a special pad for clothes. The process starts from the back of the head. From the bloodstream, the crown and temples are very hot, which speeds up the reaction. The drug is applied in three steps. Only this approach guarantees complete absorption. The third application is the most generous. After distribution of the formulation, a warming cap is put on to speed up the reaction.

Then the towel tourniquet is removed, but the towel covering the clothes itself remains until the procedure is completed. With a lack of internal heat, the reaction is slowed down. Need a cup of coffee to speed up. There is also a reagent that speeds up the reaction. It is warmed up before application. When curling, checking the condition of the lock is required. This is determined at least three times. The strand is not completely untwisted, supported by the palm. The wet curl keeps its shape, the springy - the process is complete. If the curl is sluggish, the reagent has not worked. With excessive rigidity, a compress with a weakening effect of the reagent with a balm is urgently needed.

You need to wash your hair without unwinding the curlers. Then blot with a towel and apply a fixer. After him, the curlers are removed, the curls are still not untwisted. Then again fixer, wash and biofixer. Five minutes - another wash and a balm that makes combing easier.

How to care for strands after chemistry

After the procedure, you cannot wash your hair for three days. Special care products are required, professional or. Do not brush your wet hair. This action not only harms the health of the strand, but also. Comb - only sparse-toothed. For styling, a warm hairdryer and a nozzle with a diffuser are acceptable. Overdrying is unacceptable, and do not forget about hydration. Preparations with it will restore shine. A professional series is desirable. Combing is contraindicated.

Without fear for the condition of the strand, new chemistry can be carried out no more than once every three months. But too thin hair may suffer considerable damage, becoming brittle. Rebuilding them is difficult, sometimes impracticable.

If, after moistening, the curls have lost their original appearance, they cannot be combed immediately, the curls should be pressed a little, allowing them to dry, and then combed. Chemistry can also be done at home. But such a step is very unsafe. Let it be possible to get the composition and repeat all the steps for the master. This does not mean that the curls will not receive more damage. And treatment due to one's own neglect of the health of the hair is too expensive.

The popular perm is a salon procedure that can completely change a woman's style. One of fashion trends is the creation of large curls on strands of medium length, which allows you to give the hair a beautiful wavy shape, make the hairstyle more voluminous, adding romance and showiness to the image.

The essence of the permanent is to apply to the strands of a cosmetic product containing thioglycolic acid, alkali, ammonia or hydrogen peroxide, destroying keratin compounds to give the hair the desired shape. Perm, like any salon procedure, has its advantages and disadvantages.

Large chemistry for medium hair has many varieties and methods of execution

Pros:

Permanent is a quick opportunity to change the style and annoying appearance, completely changing the previous image and hairstyle.
All-season relevance of curls.
From perm, the hairstyle gains additional volume, which is especially important for women who have naturally thin hair.
After applying the permanent, you do not need to use a curling iron and curlers every day. For styling, you just need to fix wet curls with mousse or foam and dry them with a hairdryer and a comb.

Cons of curling:

Types of perm and how to choose

Large-scale chemistry for medium hair is carried out in a hairdressing salon using one of the methods developed to create a permanent.

Perm types:

Depending on the type of promotion:

Permanent types	Characteristic
Using pigtails	Pre-spun pigtails are wound on bobbins
Using studs	Hair curls on non-metallic hairpins
Twisted	Allows the use of bobbins of different sizes
Children	Before applying cosmetics the head is covered with a cap, preventing the negative effect of drugs on the hair roots
Twin	Combines vertical and horizontal wrapping methods
Basal	Gives extra volume to hair
American	Carried out using spiral curlers
Bubble	The drug is applied to the hair with a compressor that foams the chemical until the bubbles appear, which are necessary when creating small curls.
Vertical	Creates the effect of wet hair

When choosing the type and method of curling, take into account:

Hair structure and condition. Thin strands should not be exposed to ammonia, water conduit peroxide. It is recommended to curl oily hair with drying cosmetics.
The duration of the image being created. For a short, evening look, biowaving or using amino acids that do not injure the hair is best.
Strand length. On short hair it is recommended to create large curls that give the hairstyle naturalness and volume. Medium length is a suitable material for any type of curling. Long hair look good in a shock of small curls.
Thickness of the hairstyle. Sparse hair is not meant to be large curl, additional volume of the hairstyle is able to give a lot of small curls. Thick hair is ideal for large curls, but not suitable for small curlers.

Curling features

Coarse chemistry for medium hair is not suitable for all women.

When choosing this type of permanent, it should be borne in mind that voluminous curls:

Not suitable for women with naturally thin and thin hair. Large curls applied to sparse strands are not able to hold their shape. Such a hairstyle quickly loses its volume, acquires a sloppy look, with the appearance of "bald patches".
The original length is shortened by 2-6 cm.
Designed only for owners of oily, thick hair.
They require careful care, consisting of healing and restorative procedures that give the hairstyle shine.
Do not look on girls with a square or rectangular face shape (regardless of the presence of bangs). Spiral curls are harmonious with a straight or side parting.
Not intended for women with large facial features (but the option of a vertical large curl, complemented by an oblique, torn bangs is possible)

Bobbin size

Large-scale chemistry for medium hair is done with large bobbins made of plastic, wood, rubber. Curlers designed to form voluminous curls have a length of about 20-25 cm.

Bobbin options:

Classic. They are cylindrical sticks that vary depending on the design being created. Cylindrical - form regular curls. Wavy - allow you to create an original curl shape. Expanding to the edges is used for unevenly curled curls.
Spiral. Designed for vertical or spiral curling and allow you to create springy curls.
American. Cylindrical curlers that do not have a fixing elastic band. The hair is attached to them due to the built-in plastic sticks.
Japanese. Long curlers made of dense material used for biowaving.
Wagers. Small, wide, spiky bobbins suitable for voluminous hairstyles.
Creative. Hair curlers of various types, shaping the design of the hairstyle depending on the desire of the woman.

Precautions

Before carrying out a perm, make sure that:

the preparation prepared for curling has not expired;
the client does not have an allergic reaction to the constituent parts of the cosmetics used;
no metal objects and utensils are used for chemistry;
there are no wounds, cuts, injuries on the woman's scalp;

You can not do a perm during:

child's expectations;
lactation;
menstrual bleeding;
undergoing therapy with antibiotics and hormonal drugs;
exacerbation of chronic diseases;
treatment for hypotension;
the occurrence of acute infectious diseases.

Hair preparation before the procedure

Chemical creation of large curls is carried out only on thick, cleaned hair of medium length.

Permanent damage severely injures the strands, therefore, before the salon procedure:

Before applying the drug, you should:

Clean hair from hairspray, foam and other styling products.
To get a haircut. The wave-like perm looks very good on hair between 25 and 35 cm in length, fixed in a cascading haircut.
Gently comb your hair, if possible without damaging the scalp.

Perm stages

The sequence of the chemical wave:

After holding a permanent:

It is prohibited:

pulling hair after shampooing;
use a comb with fine teeth;
go to bed with a wet head.

The unpleasant smell of the permanent can persist for up to 1 week and appear immediately after shampooing.

To eliminate it, you can rinse your hair:

a solution of water with lavender oil;
diluted lemon juice;
infusion of rosemary.

Daily styling after permanent consists of:

shampooing;
applying a foam or mousse for curly hair to help shape the curls;
drying with a hair dryer.

How long does the effect last

The durability of a perm directly depends on the preparation used, the length and structure of the hair.

Permanent variant	Duration	For whom is it suitable
Acid perm	5-6 months	Suitable for thick and oily hair... Severely injures and dries strands
Alkaline	3 months	It is used on thin and sparse hair; on thick strands, curls quickly straighten
Neutral	4-12 weeks	For all hair types
Amino acid	1-2 months
Biowave	3-5 days
Japanese	2-6 months	Ideal for thin and weak hair, as it nourishes the roots and strengthens the structure of the curls
Silk	2-3 months

On rare and thin curls, perm lasts about 6 months. Thick hair straightens for 2-3 months. earlier. Owners of naturally curly hair who want to give their hairstyle a more uniform and well-groomed look using a perm should repeat the procedure 1 time in 9 months.

Perm for medium hair - before and after photos

Large curls are suitable only for women with thick hair from 25 to 35 cm long. A light perm will have a wavy effect and will add volume to your hair. Those wishing to have tight curls need to stop at the alkaline version of the permanent and perform a fashionable vertical curl.

You should not try to make large curls for girls with thin, dry hair. Such strands look good with small curls, and large curls will cause bald patches.

After a perm, the hairstyle becomes more voluminous, but it loses 2-6 cm in length. With careful care, the hair falls on the shoulders in a voluminous wave. The use of wagers allows you to create additional root volume even on thin, short hair.

A perm looks good only with careful care. In case of neglect of restorative procedures 2-3 weeks after applying the permanent, the strands will become dull and lifeless, and the hairstyle itself will take on an unkempt look.

The popularity of the permanent is due to the woman's desire to constantly change. The use of coarse chemistry will allow you to style your hair of medium length in a beautiful wavy cascade or curl with elastic curls that resemble a style hollywood stars 80-90 years last century.

Video demonstrating the technique of perming and biowaving hair

How to curl your hair correctly:

Do you know how light chemistry can drastically change the appearance of medium hair. Photos of original hairstyles are adorned with many fashion magazines. Chemistry allows you to create long-lasting curls. In this case, special reagents are used that help to give the hair the desired shape. The latest technology allows you to do hair with minimal impact on the strands. Large or small curls will help you create a luxurious hairstyle. So let's find out more information about this amazing hairstyle method.

History and features of perm

The perm method was invented in 1906. Then hairdresser Karl Nessler tested the new hairstyle on his wife. After that, many girls wanted to try the new hairstyle on themselves. Despite this, the first patent for such a procedure was issued in 1935.

Today's perm is not the same as 100 years ago or the one that was in Soviet times. New technologies make it possible not to expose strands to such stress as before.

This technique allows you to create more lush hair, which will make the image softer and more feminine. In addition, luxurious curls will help correct facial imperfections and radically change your image.

The essence of curling is in processing with a special chemical composition. The product penetrates into the hair structure and acts at the cellular level. In this case, the substance becomes soft and can be given any shape. Then another compound is used that allows you to fix the curls.

Any chemistry option harms the curls, but the light one is considered the most gentle. At the same time, the curls look natural, but they are not too persistent. Therefore, the effect of such a procedure does not last so long. Due to its light weight, this hairstyle can last from two to four months. The result depends not only on the curling technique, but also on the device used. These can be curlers, rollers, or whooping cough.

Texturing is popular when curlers of different diameters are used.

By the way, light chemistry provides more opportunities for creating unusual styling.

The benefits of curling

With this technique, the strands are twisted in the reverse order - from roots to ends. The bobbins must be distributed evenly over their entire length. Tapered attachments with special holes are suitable. Vertical curling is done like this:

The hair is combed and divided into squares. In this case, the diameter of each square should be equal to the diameter of the base. Hair should be secured with clips.
A special chemical is applied with a sponge.
The strands can be secured with special gauze tape.
Each strand is treated with a special compound. The hair is then steamed.
The hair is rinsed and hold is used.

Spiral option

For curling, special modified bobbins are used. The strands are wound into bundles, and then spirally onto the bobbins. The direction of the hair in the flagella and the wrapping on the bobbin must match.

Advice! If your hair is short, then it is better to choose a root curling option. This method is also suitable for oily strands.

Japanese technique

This curling is performed using a lipid-protein complex. This option is suitable for women with hair problems. After the procedure, the strands become silky and resistant. A special complex gives the strands shine and elasticity. The curls are medium firm.

For this technique, a polyethylene cap is used, which has holes around the entire perimeter. In them, the strands are stretched using special devices. Then used chemical composition... With this method, the scalp is protected from the effects of chemicals.

Advice! Before applying the product, apply oil or cream along the hairline. This will avoid negative reactions after exposure to chemical components.

How to make large curls

Large light chemistry for medium hair is popular. In the photo you can see what silky curls are obtained at the same time.

The firmness of curls can be controlled by monitoring the time of exposure to the chemical solution. To make the curls softer, you need to reduce the exposure time.

Under chemical action, the hair scales become pliable and lose elasticity. It is this property that affects the splendor of the hairstyle. For fixation, a special solution helps to restore the bonds inside the hair.

These simple tips will help you create a luxurious hairstyle with large strands:

A large perm is not done on sparse hair, since at the place of parting the bald patches will be more visible.
Large curls look great on long to medium hair.
Before the procedure, you should make sure that there is no allergy to the selected composition.
Do not perm during pregnancy, lactation, or antibiotic treatment.
After dyeing, curling can be done only after two weeks.

Before curling, wash your head with shampoo, which contains natural oils... Do not rub your head, as any redness on the skin will cause discomfort when staining.

Advice! In order for large curls to be elastic, it is necessary to use special hair care compositions that will smooth out irregularities.

Secrets of the procedure

Light chemistry can be done at home, but it is important to strictly follow the instructions and certain rules. The composition of the product matters, because the condition of the hair after the procedure depends on it. It is important to test the product on a fine strand. If after application it becomes weak, then the solution should be diluted with water.

You should not experiment on weakened strands, it is better to first treat them. You should definitely test for an allergic reaction. To do this, a little of the product needs to be applied behind the ear, and see if the skin turns red.

How to restore strands after curling

Even preparations for light chemistry can have a bad effect on hair health. Therefore, after such a procedure, special care is required.

So what can be done:

The head should be washed only with warm water. At the same time, a light massage will not interfere, which perfectly stimulates the growth of new hair.
It is better to trim the ends immediately. This promotes better hair growth.
It is recommended to use revitalizing and moisturizing masks and balms.
Start taking vitamin complexes.
Effective various folk ways. You can strengthen the strands with the help of masks, which contain yolk, burdock oil and onion juice. Useful mixtures are applied for half an hour.

When done correctly, light chemistry will create a beautiful volume and luxurious hairstyle for all occasions. AND proper care after the procedure, it will help maintain the health and beauty of silky curls.

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