Cleaning the house takes a lot of time and requires a lot of effort, but you can make your work much easier by choosing from wide range detergents are the best. Manufacturers try to make sure that for each surface that needs to be cleaned, we purchase a special household cleaning product.
List of detergents for the apartment
To clean the apartment and not miss anything, you must adhere to a certain sequence of cleaning the premises. You need to start from the farthest, gradually moving towards the exit. Then you don't have to go into the already cleaned room twice and it will be easier to collect garbage.
It is necessary to have detergents for cleaning various surfaces:
- window and door glasses, mirrors, countertops;
- floor, depending on what kind of flooring in the house: linoleum, laminate, ceramic tiles, parquet or carpet;
- furniture facades, interior walls and drawers;
- upholstery of upholstered furniture;
- electronic equipment: TV screens, computer monitors and their plastic cases;
- sanitary ware made of porcelain or faience, metal or composite materials;
- kitchen appliances: hob, oven, hood, microwave oven, refrigerator;
- work surfaces of the kitchen set.
The list should be supplemented with detergents for washing dishes and laundry, clothes and footwear care. Now we will focus only on the means for cleaning the apartment.
A typical set of detergents in an apartment The choice of detergents depends both on the material of the surface to be cleaned and on the type of contamination. There is a wide selection of cleaning products on store shelves:
- living quarters from dust and household pollution;
- kitchens and bathrooms from grease and lime deposits.
When choosing detergents and working with them, you need to be guided by the general rules:
- Before you buy, carefully read chemical composition and the rules of use stated on the packaging. It is necessary to adhere to the dosage recommended by the manufacturer.
- To clean surfaces that require delicate handling, do not use products that contain abrasives: quartz sand, chalk, pumice. Abrasives are added to powders and pastes. Better to use liquids or gels.
- If allergy sufferers live in the house, you should not buy products with harsh and long-lasting odors. Instead of sprays and powders, it is better to use gels or liquids. Another option is to abandon purchased detergents, and replace them with homemade, prepared with my own hands from simple ingredients.
- Always wear rubber gloves when cleaning. Skin irritation is easier to prevent than treat. At the end of cleaning, it is advisable to wash your hands thoroughly and lubricate with a nourishing cream.
- Products containing hydrocarbon solvents (gasoline, kerosene, white spirit) should not be used near open flames. When working with such drugs in the kitchen, bathroom or toilet, it is necessary to turn on the hood in advance, if the weather permits, open the window.
- After cleaning the premises, especially in the children's room or in the kitchen, ventilation should be provided.
Detergent composition
The use of modern household chemicals greatly simplifies cleaning, but not all products are safe for health.
As part of purchased drugs:
- Surfactants (surfactants), betaine, alkalis, acids and mineral salts. Alkalis destroy even old greasy stains, acids help to remove hard-to-dissolve lime formations and rust. Surfactants (the most common are sodium lauryl and laureth sulfate), contribute to the formation of persistent foam, easily break down greasy impurities, but at the same time the protective fatty film on our skin. All these components are harmful to health, but without them getting rid of all kinds of contamination is difficult. To reduce the risk to health, it is necessary to carefully remove the residues of detergents from any surface and use protective equipment: respirators and gloves;
- glycerin, pH regulators, plant extracts - useful additives that reduce the harmful effect on the skin;
- various disinfectants (for example, formic aldehyde) to fight bacterial and fungal infections;
- thickeners - to maintain the viscous consistency of the product so that it does not immediately drain from the surface;
- dyes of various origins;
- perfumery fragrances (the cheaper the product, the stronger and sharper the smell);
- preservatives.
In addition to detergents, it is very important to have gloves, brushes and other cleaning devices. Washing windows, mirrors and glass countertops
For cleaning glass surfaces, products containing ammonia are suitable. They easily dissolve street dirt and greasy stains without leaving rainbow marks. Linen and microfiber napkins absorb moisture well, their fibers do not stick to glass.
Suitable for glass washing:
- Mr Muscle - spray with ammonia, does not require rinsing;
- Frosch Glass Cleaner Green Lemon - a spray without the addition of ethyl alcohol, has a pleasant scent, suitable for allergy sufferers.
If it is undesirable to use purchased products, experienced housewives recommend a recipe: dissolve 1 tablespoon in 1 liter of warm water ammonia... Wash the glass with liquid and wipe dry with a microfiber cloth.
Floor cleaning products
For each type of flooring, you can purchase a special product, but this is not always justified. It is more profitable to buy cleaning products that are suitable for all types of floor coverings at the same time.
These tools include:
- Proper (Mister Proper) - a concentrate for cleaning the floor, hypoallergenic, without a strong odor, easily washing away all types of household contaminants. Consumption: 5 ml of the product (1 cap) is enough for a bucket of warm water. Suitable for use in a children's room.
- Glorix - effective remedy chlorine-free, with a strong odor (which should be considered when choosing);
- Sanfor (Sanfor) - suitable if it is important not only to clean, but also to disinfect the floor. The concentrate has a low consumption: for 10 liters of water, 0.5 caps of gel are enough. The smell is pleasant, quickly disappears.
Clean the floor without special means you can use a solution: add 1 glass of table vinegar (9% strength) to 10 liters of warm water.
The carpet is cleaned and odors are eliminated with baking soda: the surface is evenly sprinkled with powder and left for 2 hours. Then the carpet is thoroughly vacuumed. In this way, the upholstery of upholstered furniture is also cleaned.
Means for cleaning furniture facades
In living rooms, it is necessary to constantly remove dust and handprints from varnished surfaces. Of the purchased funds, the most popular are:
- spray Pronto Classic 5 in 1. Perfectly removes grease marks and makes furniture shiny;
- lotion Emsal, which contains - beeswax... An antistatic protective coating is formed on the furniture and scratches are masked.
Means for cleaning kitchen equipment and furniture
The kitchen does not do without fatty contamination on all surfaces, the gas stove also adds a layer of soot on the "roof" of the furniture set.
The Cillit Bang Anti-Grease Spray, a cleaner that dissolves dirt effortlessly, can help fight grease. It can be used on all surfaces in the kitchen.
Furniture fronts and countertops must not be abraded. The fat is gently removed with a napkin soaked in a solution of 1 tbsp. l. dishwashing liquid in 0.5 liters of warm water.
Toilet and bathroom cleaning products
A bathroom is a place where it is especially important and rather difficult to maintain cleanliness. Even if the water pipes in the apartment are made of metal-plastic, supplying from the mains - most often steel. Therefore, rusty spots constantly appear on porcelain, earthenware and acrylic bathtubs, and an ugly limescale with an unpleasant odor is formed from hard water.
The active ingredients of purchased products for these contaminants are chloride compounds and acids:
- Cillit Bang - liquid from plaque and rust. The product contains chlorine, dissolves dirt and disinfects plumbing. It has a specific smell;
- "Adrilan" - copes well with rust and limescale, there is no chlorine in the composition. The gel is suitable for cleaning acrylic baths. Easily cleans metal objects from limescale contamination, it is also suitable for cleaning the faucet in the kitchen.
A vinegar solution can replace these products: on the contaminated places, you should apply toilet paper or a paper towel soaked in heated table vinegar (9%) overnight, and in the morning rinse the clean surface with plenty of water.
Store shelves are filled with a huge amount of detergents, special and universal. Following the marketing policy of increasing sales, the labels of products with a similar composition write that they are intended for different surfaces.
In order not to spend a lot of money on the purchase of the same type of detergents and to save space in the closet, it is enough to carefully read and compare the compositions of different products indicated on the packaging.
It is impossible to imagine modern life without detergents and cleaners. They help save washing and cleaning time, maintain proper hygiene in the home and public areas, and ensure correct care for household appliances, a car, etc. In addition, the more densely populated cities and countries are, the more acute the issue of timely disinfection becomes in order to avoid epidemiological situations.
Household chemicals are indispensable. However, when using it, one should not forget that any chemistry has two sides of the coin, unfortunately also negative. Only high quality chemicals can guarantee complete safety for human health.
Types of detergents
Modern means for maintaining cleanliness are presented in a huge variety: according to purpose, according to the principle of action and according to " appearance". These are products for residential and industrial premises, for dishes, laundry or equipment, in the form of free-flowing powder, gel, paste or liquid. But most of them are united by one main component - surfactants (surfactants) that make up the product. The production of detergents and cleaning products is not so difficult: the necessary ingredients are mixed in accordance with GOST standards, dried (if provided by the technology) and packaged. It remains only to pack the finished product and send it to the points of sale.
Environmental
The fact that the harm caused by many household products is proven and undeniable, many housewives began to look for a "healthier" alternative. Considering that harm is done to both human health and the "health" of the planet, such a search is very commendable. Someone is trying to return to the folk old ways of cleaning, but such options are suitable only on a small scale, and even then not always. Currently, science has found this compromise between cleanliness and environmental friendliness by releasing chemical household products that do not contain harmful components such as surfactants, chlorine-containing components and phenols. It is very pleasant to state that in striving for naturalness of household cleaning chemicals, the quality of its "work" has not suffered, but, on the contrary, has become even more effective.
Synthetic
Synthetic detergents and cleaning products currently account for the lion's share of the entire market. They are "loved" by consumers for their affordable price, good cleaning data and versatility. The composition of such funds may include additional synthetic additives that improve the interaction of contaminated surfaces with their cleaning components. However, despite all the positive aspects, in order to maintain a healthy environment in the house, it is advisable to reduce the use of such funds to the required minimum, and keep household chemicals in careful isolation.
Assortment of detergents
In all the variety of household chemicals that are offered to us from store shelves, it is very easy to get confused. It is worth considering that all household chemicals are subdivided not only by the principle of direct use and form of release, but also by concentration and volume. The fact is that the same product can be produced for home use, and can be intended for use on an "industrial" scale. For cleaning the house, a small package is enough, while it is more profitable for companies that provide cleaning services to purchase concentrated products in large containers.
Such concentrated products in bulk containers belong to professional detergents. Such means also indicate for which dirt and surfaces they are intended, as well as what professional equipment can be used. In addition to cleaning companies, such professional tools are used in offices and public places. Professional chemistry domestic production cleaning companies are supplied by the company "Donaticus".
For dishes
Among the means without which a modern housewife cannot imagine life is dishwashing detergents. They are one of those who are used in the house on a daily basis. Housewives often decide to "create" dishwashing detergent with their own hands under the compulsion of circumstances: a desire to save money, an allergy to the products of one of the family members, etc. Most often, dishware is bought ready-made, and a number of requirements are imposed on them:
- the product should easily cope with grease and dirt;
- do not include harmful ingredients;
- preferably antibacterial;
- rinse off with water as easily and thoroughly as possible.
Busy and modern housewives appreciate the delights of the dishwasher. Such a machine also facilitates the work of catering and office workers. Dish detergent that is intended for hand wash, can not be used in the car. Separate products have been developed for technology, which perfectly cope with grease and contamination of dishes, but at the same time take good care of the parts and systems of the dishwasher, they are also easier to wash off and do not leave marks on the surface of the dishes. All these requests are met by the Solklean product.
There are many ways. Detergents and cleaners are also suitable for this.
Zelenka can also be used as a detergent or detergent.
For cleaning premises
In all public spaces - from offices to hotels - not only horizontal surfaces (floor), but also walls (panels, for example) need thorough cleaning. In addition, it is necessary to constantly maintain the cleanliness of rugs and carpets, as well as upholstery. A variety of products come to the rescue for ceramic tiles, parquet and laminate, glass and polished surfaces. Each institution sets its own priorities when choosing a particular facility, for example, hotels want safe cleanliness to preserve the health of vacationers.
In addition to the detergents and cleaning agents themselves, modern technology, for example, washing vacuum cleaners, helps in the difficult work of maintaining order and hygiene. They significantly save the time and effort of employees, the quality of cleaning and disinfection of surfaces significantly increases. For such equipment, you should use special professional household chemicals. She is expected to:
- maximum level of disinfection;
- antistatic effect;
- water softening and low foam formation;
- high concentration for economic benefit.
These professional floor cleaners are also available for hand washing. At the same time, such funds are not particularly different, and the main advantage is professional tools high concentration remains, significantly reducing the cost of purchasing household chemicals. Whichever product is chosen - for home or professional - do not forget about the rules of caution, follow the instructions for the product and work with gloves. Then the benefits brought by household chemicals - cleanliness and lightweight work - will not have side effects.
Cleaning windows today has also become much easier - window products have significantly reduced the time spent and significantly improved the quality of cleaning. If you are the lucky owner plastic windows, then when choosing a suitable tool, pay attention to its safety in relation to the PVC frame. Not all are suitable: gasoline and acid-containing products, as well as those containing solvents, will harm the frame and rubber seals.
For auto
Technical detergents include products for cars, they are available in two types: for washing by hand and with the help of technology. There is no fundamental difference between them, except that in order to use the latter, you will have to acquire additional equipment: a foaming agent and a hose with a good water pressure. It is these technical means that are used in car washes: the funds are applied to the car, left for a while and removed along with the dirt with a strong water pressure.
Among the cleaning professional technical chemistry, you can even find products for an automobile engine. They easily and effortlessly remove dust, dirt, soot and the like. Such professional care can significantly facilitate the operation of the engine and extend the life of the car, so you should not ignore the cleaning of the engine. Someone decides to do this work in their own way, at home, but most prefer (and rightly so) to entrust the cleaning of the engine of their car to specialists.
For carpets
Carpets, whether at home or in offices or in other public places, need constant care and proper cleaning. The larger and more expensive the carpet, the more difficult it is to clean.
For example, the carpet that covers the entire floor in the hotel lobby cannot be washed by hand, but it gets dirty very much and constantly due to the large number of people passing by. In such situations, carpet cleaners are very helpful. As a rule, when using such special tools, you can do practically without water, which is very convenient and quick. After processing with a well-chosen tool, you just need to vacuum the carpet. Such cleaning not only removes visible stains and dirt, but also takes care of the fibers and color of the carpet, for example, the products of the Ecolife line are suitable.
Children are the most touching and most vulnerable group of the population. They react faster than adults to an unhealthy environment, exposure to household chemicals and harmful fumes. The task of adults is to protect them. In every home, it is preferable to have children's detergents for everything that children touch: clothes, dishes, toys, etc. It is ideal if these are organic products of European quality, because they:
- do not contain fragrances;
- suitable even for allergy sufferers;
- do an excellent job with dirt;
- do not include phosphates, synthetic dyes, surfactants and other harmful components.
Detergents are detergents (from lat. detergeo- mine) - substances that remove dirt from the surface. The first detergent was soap, which was made on the basis of fat and alkali.
The main component of modern detergents is surfactants (surfactants)
The first surfactant was discovered by the German chemist Fritz Gunther in 1916.
Surfactants are obtained by chemical compounds, mainly from refined products. Some surfactants include plant components: rapeseed oil, sugar cane, soap nuts. Surfactant is a part of detergents, dishwashing detergents, carpets, enamel surfaces, glass. Disinfect surfaces.
Fat does not dissolve in water. Thanks to the surfactant, the fat moves away from the surface, passes into the washing solution in the form of a mixture of fat and water.
Improves the wetting properties of water. Water without detergent collects in droplets on the surface. And together with the detergent it spreads faster. Thanks to this, the detergent is easier and faster to spread over the surface, better penetrates the fibers of the fabric.
Alkaline additives, phosphates, silicates
Alkaline additives slow down corrosion in washing machines, reduce the ability of powder products to absorb moisture from the air. They are part of the detergents for washing cotton, flax.
The fibers of woolen fabrics are composed of the substance keratin. Alkalis destroy keratin, products lose their shine, "shrink". For washing wool, products without alkaline additives are used.
Examples of alkaline additives: sodium silicate, sodium carbonate (soda ash)
Phosphates and silicates soften water; the effect of detergents is not affected by the hardness of the water.
Calcium and magnesium salts in hard water, when interacting with laundry soap, form insoluble compounds. Because of this, a large consumption of soap occurs during washing. If washing with soap, add soda ash to soften the water and reduce soap consumption.
How to tell if water is hard: Rub the soap, add to hot water. The water has cooled down, the solution is clear - the water is soft. The water has cooled down, the film on the surface is hard water. Hard water does not foam well
Soda ash is a part of dishwasher tablets, powders
Blood stains, sweat, food debris do not come off well. To remove protein stains, enzymes, analogs of biological enzymes, are added to detergents. Similar ones are found in the human stomach. They act in water no higher than 40 degrees. Protein coagulates in hot water. Do not postpone washing for a long time - protein molecules and fabric fibers are combined, do not wash in hot water.
Enzymes destroy fibers of wool and silk - tissues of protein origin. Use enzyme products only for cotton and linen.
Enzymes are added to dishwashing detergents such as Finish dishwasher tablets
Carboxymethyl cellulose
Prevents the re-deposition of dirt on the washed surface.
Bleaches
Chemical bleaches work at temperatures above 60 degrees. Used for washing cotton, flax. Destroys tissue with frequent use.
The most common chemical bleach is sodium perborate
For washing wool, delicate fabrics. Optical brighteners contain organic compounds that reflect light more than they absorb. There is an optical effect of blueness, the fabric looks brighter, cleaner.
Defoamers, foam stabilizers
In funds for hand wash, dishwashing agents introduce stabilizers that increase the lather. Foam picks up some of the dirt, easier to wash by hand.
In drum-type machines (left), foam interferes with washing, crawls out from under the lid, fills the hoses. Use means "machine" with defoamers. In machines of the activator type (on the right), agents with an irregular amount of foam are used
Propylene glycol, ethylene glycol
They do not freeze at temperatures up to -60 degrees - they are part of antifreezes.
Detergents with propylene glycol or ethylene glycol are more elastic, flowable, and easier to spread over the surface than soap and water. They are part of liquid detergents for washing dishes, glass, enamel surfaces.
Propylene glycol - less harmful to the body, is used in cosmetics, food additive E-1520, which retains moisture in baked goods, meat products - prevents drying out.
Perfume fragrances
Mixtures of synthetic and aromatic natural substances (balms, resins, essential oils). Used to eliminate bad smell raw materials.
Surfactants, phosphates, increase the effectiveness of detergents, but harm human health if used improperly. Phosphates through wastewater enter water bodies, enhance the growth of algae.
They produce environmentally friendly detergents without phosphates, such as Garden powder. Based on natural soap, contains enzymes (analogs of biological enzymes), salt to soften water citric acid, soda
Rules for using synthetic detergents
Clothes accumulate surfactants - they cause allergies, dermatitis, itching, redness. Alkaline additives are harmful to the skin of the hands.
Read the composition. The most harmful are anionic surfactants (A-surfactants).
1. Wash things, wash the dishes of a baby's first year of life with laundry soap or environmentally friendly powders. Keep synthetic detergents out of the reach of children.
2. Dose powder according to instructions. If the laundry smells like powder after washing, you have used too much powder. Rinse again.
3. Avoid touching synthetic detergents with your hands. Use gloves when washing dishes.
4. Rinse the dishes well in running water.
5. If the detergent gets into your eyes, rinse with water at room temperature for 10–20 minutes, drip antibacterial drops (Albucid, Levomecytil, Sulfacyl sodium), you can apply antibacterial ointment on the eyelid (Floxal, Vidisik).
We are used to using many modern detergents, cleansing, cosmetics... It has always been a norm for me to brush my teeth twice a day, take a shower with gel every day or take a bath always with foam and scented salts, wash my hair every other day with shampoo ... I did not notice how the dishes smell from the detergent, what a "scent" from the washed linen. It seemed to me that everyone is doing this and this is the "bar of a cultured person." When I read stories about people's refusal from certain means, I considered it eccentricity, a manifestation of fanaticism and even somewhere insane. “Ha ha,” I said. - Wash without soap, without shampoo and wash in lye ... This is stupid in our time! "
At first I began to notice the smell from the dishes - subtle, but always there. I read about detergents and was horrified. Surfactants (surfactants) in detergents form a film on the surface of the dishes and are not washed off with water, because they only interact with fat. When food is placed on a plate, these substances begin to interact with the food. Once in our body, they dissolve the cell membranes, especially destroy the germ cells. They are no longer excreted from the body, they accumulate. As a result, children who are fed from plates washed with surfactant detergents may be infertile. More precisely, they have a small chance of remaining fertile. When we stopped eating meat, the problem of washing greasy dishes disappeared by itself, everything is clean just from hot water. At this time we just moved to the village. Frequently washing and brushing my teeth using the usual means was still in the first place for me. I also forced the children to brush their teeth and wash, and then I read ...
Sodium lauryl sulfate is an anionic surfactant, a cheap detergent. It is unusually active, quickly penetrates the skin and mucous membranes. Accumulates in internal organs: liver, kidneys, heart, brain. Causes cataracts of the eyes, and in children - underdevelopment of the eyes. Recent studies have shown that sodium lauryl sulfate has an effect on fertility in men. Especially, this substance is dangerous for children, since children often swallow toothpaste, which causes, among other things, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Research in Norway has shown that SLS (sodium lauryl sulfate) can accelerate the onset of oral ulcers (aphthous stomatitis) in people prone to them. Maxillofacial surgeon Paul Barkwell observed that the occurrence of ulcerative lesions was reduced by 70% when patients brushed their teeth with a toothpaste without sodium lauryl sulfate. Scientists suggest that this substance dries out the mucous membrane of the mouth, increases the sensitivity of the gums to allergens and irritants such as food acids.
This substance is the strongest abrasive, and the whitening effect of pastes containing it is achieved by grinding the enamel of the teeth, this leads to its thinning. I have not found a single paste without this substance. Even if you did not immediately find it in the composition, it is unlikely that it is missing. Holding toothpaste in our mouth for about three minutes, in response, we force the stomach to produce an antidote - no less a hellish mixture. At best, this leads to gastritis. Almost all shampoos, shower gels and modern species soaps also contain surfactants and sodium laurite sulfate. So how to wash your head and body? Here's what I found:
Spoiled milk
Antique folk remedy sour milk is used to wash your hair. Since ancient times, many peoples of Central Asia have used lactic acid products for this purpose. And now they wash their heads with yogurt, kefir, whey. Lactic acid products create a fatty film that protects hair from damage by an alkaline solution formed when soap is dissolved in water. How to wash your hair with curdled milk? Moisten your head abundantly with it, cover with a plastic kerchief, and on top with a terry towel. Rinse off after 25-30 minutes. Rinse thoroughly with warm water and then acidified (1 lemon per 2 liters of water or 1 tablespoon vinegar per 2 liters of water).
Egg (for dry and brittle hair)
If your hair is dry and brittle, it is useful to wash it with an egg, as it contains lecithin, and almost all amino acids that protect hair from damage help to eliminate dandruff. Usually the whole egg is used. It is advisable to beat the yolk and white in a small amount of warm water. Pour the egg foam onto pre-moistened hair and wash without soap. Then rinse the hair thoroughly with clean warm water, and then with acidified water. Rinsing hair with herbal infusions and decoctions gives the hair an amazing shine.
Soapy medicinal
Pour 200g of soapstone (two pharmacy packs) with two liters of water and boil for half an hour. In this broth, wash your hair without soap and shampoo, rinse plain water, or even better - chamomile infusion, if the hair is light, or a decoction of oak bark for dark hair.
Rye bread gruel (for oily hair)
Pour boiling water over 150 g of rye bread. Lather your head with gruel. After 5-10 minutes, rinse thoroughly with water. To give the hair a beautiful shine, they are rinsed with an infusion of birch leaves.
Mustard (for oily hair)
Dissolve one tablespoon of mustard in 2 liters of warm water. Wash your hair, rinse with infusion of herbs: coltsfoot, nettle, St. John's wort, plantain. 4 tablespoons pour the mixture into 2 liters of boiling water, let it brew for 30 minutes, strain.
Tansy
1 tbsp Pour tansy with 2 cups of boiling water, leave for 2 hours. With a strained infusion, wash your hair without soap for a month. This remedy is also used to eliminate dandruff.
I will add from my experience
I tried to wash my hair with black bread. The gruel must be applied to wet hair, moisten abundantly with water, grind thoroughly ("dilute" the gruel to the point of hair disintegration into separate strands - until all the grains of the crumb are blurred). Then rinse off. Hair is strong and easy to comb. The downside is that if you hurry, rub it badly - grains remain in the hair, and if, without rubbing right away, you start to wash off - the crumbs are poorly washed off.
I liked the soda, but I think that if you give up chemistry, then you should not use soda.
I want to give up soap over time, it is made from animal fat. The egg was washed well, but both the egg and the soap are animal products. I did not refuse to eat eggs, I even want to have my own chickens, I just think that store eggs will not bring any benefit. I did not like washing with mustard, it corroded the scalp and the smell of mustard. I and my children liked to wash their hair with rye flour: we dilute it to the state of pancake dough, coat the body and hair. Where grains stick - that part is dirtier, you need to rub. Where it is easily washed off, it is clean. We “lather” the hair by moistening it with water and rinse it off with plenty of water. Based on the fact that natural remedies are readily available and wash well, clay is in my first place. When they dug a water supply system on our site, they dug it out at a depth of 2.5 meters blue clay... I read that you can use any clay from a depth of more than 2 meters (when it is clean, in layers). I dried the pieces of clay in the sun, washed them, and dried them again. As needed, I take a small piece and grind it into powder. I have this powder in a prominent place. To wash your hands - moisten your fingertips, take a powder, rub your hands. It even wipes off machine dirt and oil paint. To brush your teeth - the brush is wet into powder. The teeth are shiny, the mouth is fresh. Wash and wash your hair - a liquid solution, not a lot of powder. Face mask - I think it's better made of clay, and if it tightens the skin, you can do it not with water, but with cream or milk.
Summary of my year of avoiding detergents:
I rarely brush my teeth with clay powder. I just brush it, often just rinse it with water overnight. This year I have not been to the dentist even once. My teeth do not hurt, and I used to treat it every six months. My head is often just water. Sometimes masks made of bread or rye flour. Hair began to curl, combed easily, strong, did not fall out and the scalp did not hurt. Dandruff and itching (as previously suffered) are now gone. Previously, the hair was thin, tangled and broke. I wash my body only with water, sometimes with clay, rye flour. The skin is clean and free of irritation. All cosmetic masks are made on the basis of clay, honey, milk, cream. We do not use deodorants. I noticed that when we eat purchased sweets, cookies, fish, unpleasant smells begin, and when we eat without it, everything is clean, there are no smells.
We use clay, soda, mustard for washing dishes.
Now I am faced with the task of how to refuse detergent powder, how to replace it. I am looking for, trying what I like - I will tell you at the end of the trials and experiments. I know one thing: in February-March, the sun whitens everything. If you live in your own home, you can hang or spread all kitchen rags, stained items, towels in the sun. Leave it on for a few days - everything will be clean and white.
Detergents report will briefly tell you a lot useful information... Posting about detergents will help you deepen your knowledge of chemistry.
"Detergents" message
Detergents are organic complex compounds that are used with additives or in pure form for washing household items and washing textiles.
They help to bleach and dye fabrics, facilitate the preparation of suspensions and emulsions in the preparation of paint formulations, food products, and increase the antifriction level of lubricants.
The active part of detergents are detergents, which are organic compounds. They form a semi-colloidal solution and foam in water. Their surface activity lowers the surface tension of water and increases the wetting ability.
The molecule of these compounds contains a long hydrocarbon chain R containing 17 carbon atoms. The polar part of the molecule is responsible for the solubility of the agents in water, while the hydrophobic part, on the contrary, inhibits and complicates dissolution, tends to displace the soap molecule to the surface. This is why the soap concentrates only on the surface of the cleaning solution. If you shake it, then a foam forms, washing away impurities.
Some detergents contain COOH, which interacts with magnesium and calcium salts. This is fraught with the formation of "lime soap". It does not dissolve and settles on the fabric, impairing its strength. Therefore, the carboxyl group is either blocked or replaced with another polar reactive group.
Types of detergents
Detergents are divided into the following types depending on the active group and the hydrocarbon radical:
- Alkyl carbonates (RCOONa)
- Alkyl sulfates (primary and secondary)
- Alkyl sulfonates
- Alkylaryl sulfonates or sulfonates
- Alkylammonium chloride cationic detergents
During the manufacture of detergents, a lot of sulfates, fatty raw materials, sulfonates, that is, a lot of synthetic substances, are obtained. The above types of detergents are called ionic or ion-forming. In water, they form a surface, active negatively charged ion. Non-ionic detergents are still isolated, which are not as widespread as the previous ones.
Detergent composition
As you already understood, the main part of the composition is represented by detergents. The cleaning effect depends on the ability of the product to grind, wet and emulsify dirt. Laundry soaps contain a lot of potassium and sodium salts of fatty acids. Synthetic detergents do not have a high detergency, therefore they are used together with alkaline and neutral salts, foam stabilizers and bleaches.
Alkaline salts are represented by tripolyphosphate, soda ash, trisodium phosphate, hexametaphosphate, sodium silicate. They improve the colloidal structure and emulsifying ability of cleaning solutions. Thanks to alkaline salts, a strong film is formed around the dirt, the water becomes softer and a favorable environment for washing fibrous products is created. Foam stabilizers promote better penetration of detergents into the product. To re-eliminate the deposition of contaminants, CMC is introduced into their composition - carboxymethylcellulose.
We hope that the "Detergents" post on chemistry helped you get ready for the lesson. And you can expand the report on the topic "Detergents" through the comment form below.
