Classification of precious stones. Varieties of precious stones by color. How to determine real stone among the many forgeries, imitations and hacks?
Today, jewelry professionals have a much harder time than their predecessors. If a few decades ago a genuine gem could be easily distinguished from a fake, even visually, in the world of modern technology and progress, it is almost impossible to do this by eye.
In addition to the well-known glass hacks, imitators of expensive stones from cheaper minerals, on the market jewelry appeared today new Product - a stone grown in laboratory conditions. Such a creation by human hands visually looks no worse than a mineral created by nature for many decades, but it costs several times cheaper. How to distinguish a genuine natural stone from a fake or unnatural stone? What kind precious minerals exist at all?
What stones, gems and minerals belong to precious precious stones: classification of precious stones
- It will be quite difficult for a beginner to understand the complex classifications of precious stones. The fact is that today there are quite a few of them: Sobolevsky, Kluge, Kievlenko, Gurich, Bauer-Fersman, etc.
- In order not to dwell specifically on each of the classifications, we will try to compile one, generalizing, excluding facing stones from it:
- The first category of stones - gems (the most expensive, valuable stones). This category of minerals includes diamond (brilliant), ruby, emerald, sapphire, alexandrite, etc.
- The second category of stones is semi-precious stones (more common, but no less valuable). A similar category of minerals includes: amethyst, aquamarine, almadine, apatite, garnet, rock crystal, opal, quartz, topaz, tourmaline, zircon, chrysolite, etc.
- The third category is jewelry and ornamental stones. These include: agate, turquoise, amber, cat's eye, moonstone, lapis lazuli, malachite, jasper, tiger's eye.
- Some classifications group stones into similar categories, however, they also subdivide minerals into classes. The class testifies to the strength of the stone, its high value and beauty.
Black gems: name, description, photo
There are so many minerals in nature that stand out for their black color. Some of them are so rare that it is almost impossible to find any information about them. In many cases, the name "black" stone can be considered relative, since in fact the mineral has a lighter or not monochromatic color. Here are the most common black stones in jewelry making:
Gems
Black diamond or carbonado
Black Diamond is the greatest rarity and value in jewelry. However, it is worth noting that he never reaches jewelry, since its cutting and processing is very difficult - it can only be done with the help of the same stone. In the annals of jewelry, there are only a handful of such stones, the most expensive of which was estimated at 1.7 million dollars. The other two became known as the Black Star of Africa and Korloff Noir.
True black sapphire does not exist in nature. Almost all black sapphires are the work of scientists. They are obtained by processing blue sapphires. The very few black sapphires that are of natural origin can hardly be called black, as their color is closer to the color of the sky at night. The most famous black sapphire is the "Black Star of Queensland" worth $ 100 million.
This kind of pearl is also difficult to consider as truly black, as its darkness is softened by the pearl's mother-of-pearl. However, the cost of such a curiosity remains quite high to this day. The rarest examples of black pearls are collected in Tahiti in the corresponding museum.
This type of opal is considered one of the most expensive and valuable species. Most often, this mineral is found in deposits located in the least developed countries of the world, which causes numerous human losses during its extraction.
Black spinel is one of the most inexpensive types of black gemstones. Its cheapness is easily explained by the fragility of the stone and the complexity of its processing. Most often, spinel is used in handicrafts or jewelry in the form of cabochons.
Semiprecious stones
Black quartz or morion is the only representative semiprecious stones black color. This mineral is most often used in jewelry today. Outwardly, it has an opaque or barely transparent surface.
Jewelry and semi-precious stones
In fact, black agate does not exist in nature. You can only find minerals of a dark coal color. A rich black color can be achieved only with the help of technological processing of this stone.
Other representatives of jewelry ornamental stones black colors are: black onyx, obsidian, black jasper or jet, hematite, mudstone and hypersthene.
White gems: name, description, photo
Minerals that are white or naturally transparent are considered the most expensive and valuable stones in jewelry. White gemstones include:
Diamond or brilliant
It is a transparent diamond or an already cut part of it (diamond) that first comes to mind of any person (especially women) when they mention white gemstones. Indeed, this mineral is considered one of the most sought after. Its high cost is easily explained by the few deposits of this mineral in the ground. At the same time, only a small fraction of all mined diamonds are suitable for cutting.
Transparent spinel
Unlike its black sister, white spinel is a rather expensive stone with a high strength. Impeccable purity and the fact that this mineral does not contain any impurities makes it even more valuable. White spinel is most often used in luxury jewelry.
Colorless topaz
With the naked eye, this mineral can be easily confused with a diamond. However, upon close examination, differences can be detected. In jewelry, it is customary to frame colorless topaz in noble white metals - gold, platinum.
Goshenite or colorless beryl
Goshenite is also very similar in appearance to a diamond, but its shine can rather be called more chilling, restrained.
Pearl
White pearls have always managed to captivate the fair sex with their warmth and tenderness. Oddly enough, but in nature, pearls rarely have a round shape (such representatives are highly valued) - more often they are oblong, uneven. Pearls also have one more feature - their lifespan. If ordinary minerals will delight the eye with their beauty forever, then the pearl can "go out" at any moment. The life span of this mineral does not exceed 300 years.
Achroite or white tourmaline
This kind of rock is very rare, since its deposits are located only at one point on the map. Achroite is rarely found in the form of jewelry. This pleasure can be ordered only in a few jewelry workshops in the world.
Semi-precious white stones include white agate, rock crystal and white opal.
Jewelry and ornamental stones can boast the presence of such white minerals as milk coral, white jasper, moonstone, white-green jade in their list.
Blue gems: name, description, photo
Blue or cornflower blue sapphire
Only an experienced specialist can distinguish between these two types of mineral by eye. Blue sapphire is valued slightly less than cornflower blue, but it is still considered a gem. As for the cornflower blue sapphire, in ancient times it was used only for inlaying royal dresses and jewelry.
Topaz
Topaz is most often found in blue, but in nature it can also be found in other colors - yellow, green, orange, etc. Topaz is not a very expensive mineral. Most often it is framed in white precious metals - platinum, white gold. Such metals, as it were, emphasize its delicate radiance.
Already from the very name of the mineral, its origin and associations associated with it becomes clear. The sea color of this stone helps jewelers create blue masterpiece jewelry. Fans of aquamarine should pay attention to the fact that this mineral is quite fragile - exposure to chemicals, mechanical damage and heat treatment negatively affect its condition.
This color of the stone is extremely rare, which leads to a rather high price on him. Framed, it can be found only in exclusive creations of jewelers, which are often kept in private collections and cost tens, or even hundreds of thousands of dollars.
Semiprecious blue stones include: zircon, chalcedony.
Ornamental blue stones are considered turquoise, apatite, bezoar, amazonite.
Blue gems: name, description, photo
Sapphire
Topaz
Lapis lazuli is a gemstone that is most often framed in yellow gold. This mineral is believed to have strong medicinal and protective properties.
Semiprecious blue stones include turquoise, which has dozens of shades of blue, green and light blue.
Red gems: name, description, photo
Perhaps every person at the mention of red gems immediately comes to mind a ruby. This amazingly beautiful mineral is widely used in jewelry. It is framed in various kinds of precious metals - gold, platinum, silver. A jewel encrusted with ruby \u200b\u200bcan be quite expensive - everything will depend on the metal, as well as the amount and size of the minerals. Ruby has long been attributed to many magical and healing qualities. This stone has always been associated with love, passion and desire.
Semiprecious red stones include garnet, zircon, carnelian, coral.
Pomegranate, carbuncle or pyrope
In the myths of various ancient states, mentions of this mineral were very often found. It was believed that the pomegranate is able to heal from many ailments, block the action of poison and poison.
As for ornamental stones, their most famous representative in red is jasper.
Pink gems: name, description, photo
Until recently, this soft pink gem was not singled out as a separate subgroup - it was simply considered one of the varieties of amethyst. However, thanks to the works of the American Kunz (whose name he was named), this mineral, on the basis of its composition, which differs from amethyst, was nevertheless recognized as a completely different stone.
In the early 90s, the attention of the entire public was riveted to kunzite. He owed such popularity to the Kennedy family. The fact is that the American president, on the eve of his tragic death, acquired Jacqueline a ring inlaid with kunzite. But John was never destined to give a present to his beloved wife - a month before the celebration he was shot.
Morganite or pink beryl
Morganite (vorobyevite in Russia) is a rather rare mineral. Most often, they are adorned with products in a company with diamonds.
Rubellite or pink tourmaline
Rubellite is a fairly inexpensive, but no less beautiful gem. Its resemblance to a ruby \u200b\u200bin ancient times played into the hands of fraudsters. It was with this mineral that more expensive rubies were forged.
Semiprecious pink stones include quartz, agate, corundum.
As for ornamental stones, nature often colors jasper, coral, rhodochrosite and rhodonite pink.
Green gems: name, description, photo
Naturally, the most famous green gem is the emerald. Few people know that in its original appearance this mineral can hardly be called beautiful - only after high-quality cutting it is possible to recognize the king of green stones in it. Emeralds are most often framed in yellow metals. In white, they can only be found in company with white gold and platinum. The price of emeralds is sometimes simply fabulous - from $ 300 per carat.
Demantoid or green garnet
The high refractive index of the sun's rays of demantoid raises it to the level of the most regal stone - diamond. Most often, green garnet is confused with emerald, although its color, unlike the latter, is closer to the color of the grass. For one carat of this gem you will have to pay from $ 100 to $ 1000.
Burgundy gemstones How to distinguish a real gem from a fake?
It will not be difficult for a jeweler or high-class appraiser to identify the authenticity of a stone with the help of special tools and devices. As for the inexperienced man in the street, it will be very difficult for him to distinguish a real stone from a fake. In such cases, professionals recommend using the following techniques:
- Natural stone is usually much stronger than glass or plastic counterfeits. If you hold it with a sharp object, then no trace should remain on it. In this case, a scratch may form on the fake. But this method is relevant only when it is necessary to distinguish hack from a real stone - if a natural, but less expensive mineral is involved in the product instead of a high-level gemstone, then there is no point in conducting such an experiment.
- Natural stones have a cold touch. If you put a stone on your tongue or put it on your cheek, it will remain cold for a long time. If glass or plastic is used in the product, the stone will heat up quickly enough.
- Natural stones grown in the bowels of the earth are rarely large, but artificial minerals created in laboratories can reach more impressive sizes.
- The color of natural stone is rarely very rich and bright. At the same time, creating a hack of any color and shade is quite simple.
- Do not count on the fact that a natural stone will cost a penny - the price per carat of a precious mineral can reach thousands and hundreds of dollars.
- When buying a product with natural stones, you can ask the seller to provide a certificate of the authenticity of the stones.
In fact, all precious minerals have completely different chemical and physical properties. Therefore, the identification of each of them must be approached individually.
Gems: Video
How to distinguish a gemstone from a natural one: Video
Precious and ornamental orange colored stones are often used in jewelry. A sun-colored stone can be transparent or opaque. The most popular orange gem minerals are topaz, carnelian, garnet and opal.... There are also orange diamonds. Among ornamental and semi-precious stones - tiger's eye, amber, agate, jasper. Bright representatives of the minerals of this color are citrine and zircon. Orange sapphires and tourmalines are highly prized.
What are orange stones capable of?
Precious orange minerals are the focus of the sun in the stone. They are filled with energy, optimism, joy and life force. The stone of the indicated shade is a symbol of love, fertility, masculine strength and feminine attractiveness. The mineral inspires, stimulates, improves mood, enhances sensitivity and flexibility of thinking.
Most of the fire topaz is mined in Brazil. Precious jewelry with them can cheer up the saddest person, add new colors to the life of its owner. The mineral activates the right side of the brain, which is responsible for creativity. Topaz brings back a positive attitude during periods of depression. He gives deep sleep and good rest. Fights manifestations of aggression, prevents conflicts. 
Carnelian is a type of layered chalcedony. A translucent gem can be exclusively orange or with splashes and veins of white, gray, black shades. Carnelian is known for its ability to heal wounds and boost immunity. The mineral brings to its owner love, prosperity and the desire for self-improvement. It has a positive effect on memory and speaking skills.
Amber is especially popular among orange ornamental stones. Its healing power helps with diseases of the thyroid gland, some oncological problems. The high iodine content gives amber bactericidal properties. The mineral gives an optimistic outlook on life, enhances psychic abilities and attracts good luck.
The tiger's eye gives its owner strength, determination and optimism. The stone protects against rash acts, recklessness and recklessness. The owner of the tiger's eye becomes discerning and wise. The mineral requires activity and movement forward from its owner.
Who benefits from wearing these minerals?
Gemstones of honey and orange color are needed for those who want to live in joy and happiness. Topaz is recommended for workaholics who find it difficult to find time for relaxation and communication with loved ones. For those who seek to create strong familywearing carnelian helps. Orange stones are useful for respiratory problems. It is useful for pregnant women and women in labor to wear amber. An orange gem is desirable for Scorpions. The mineral will help them become softer, kinder and happier. Gemini stones of honey color will give them the respect and love of those around them. The sun-colored stone is essential for Leo. He will give them strength and energy to achieve their goals.
Solar talisman
Topaz is the strongest amulet for women and all people of creativity. He develops intuition, latent abilities and talents. The stone has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the immune and respiratory systems. Orange topazes are love talismans. They help to find their happiness in the family, to keep love in marriage for many years. Carnelian gives love and protects relationships from boredom. Precious products with him are able to bring peace to the family, pacify jealousy and aggression. The stone helps to remain faithful and teaches a person to appreciate their soul mate. Carnelian protects against accidents, injuries and accidents. He is able to protect against damage, love spell or evil eye. Precious items with carnelian are desirable for women who dream of children. Amber is the strongest talisman and amulet. It drives away evil spirits, protects against illness, injury and sudden death. Amber allows you to avoid many troubles and helps to courageously fight difficulties. Mineral is an indicator of health. With its deterioration, the stone becomes cloudy and changes color. An amber bead or bracelet keeps small children safe from drops and bumps. The tiger's eye is a male mascot. He helps in the fight against opponents, protects against intriguers and envious people. The stone promotes career advancement, stimulates healthy ambition. Tiger's eye brings good luck in business, enhances business sense. It is advisable to have it with you during important negotiations.
In the previous chapters on the practical methods of diagnosing individual stones, we have already covered stones of almost all colors, but brown and orange stones have not yet been considered. Since they form a group that includes several common stones, it is advisable to devote a separate chapter to them. There is practically only one gemstone orange - fire opal. Stones that can be defined as orange-brown in color include hessonite garnet (or cinnamon stone), sometimes sold as hyacinth, and zircon, which is quite similar in color, which is more correctly called hyacinth. In addition to quartz and topaz (they are described in Chapter 18), the group of brown stones includes tourmaline, chrysoberyl, and more rare spessartine, sinhalite, sphalerite and sphene. This color category includes idocrase, andalusite, cassiterite and brown diamond.
All of these stones are not very expensive, so their imitations are rare. It is also necessary to mention a synthetic corundum of a special brown-orange color, called "padparadshah" (pronounced differently), although the intention to use it to imitate garnet, topaz and zircon is not entirely clear. The author once happened to see a whole necklace made of such synthetic stones, cut and set in gold. Natural corundums with an orange tint are very rare.
Fire opal, unlike other opals, usually does not have any "play" of colors, nor shine, and all its charm lies in a wonderful fiery red color. The best examples of fire opal are almost completely transparent. When processing opal, stepwise or mixed types of cutting are used, and the platform is made slightly convex. Opal, as an amorphous substance, has no dichroism and birefringence, and in this respect its properties coincide with the properties of imitations made of glass or plastics, such as Bakelite.
If the stone is suspicious, it is best to remove it from the setting and measure the refractive index and specific gravity, which are fairly constant and characteristic in real opal. The refractive index of a stone even with a convex area can be obtained by remote observation, although such measurements are easier to perform in the case of stones with a large curvature. Bubbles and curls can usually be seen in the glass under a microscope, and plastics chip under the blade of a penknife. The degree of viscosity depends on the type of plastic.
The most common plastics have a specific gravity of 1.25 to 1.45, which is noticeably lower than the specific gravity of opal (2.00). At the same time, their refractive index is much higher - from 1.49 to 1.65, while that of opal is 1.45. It should be noted that such imitations are rare, except, perhaps, for cheap jewelry. Other methods for detecting fire opal will be described in chapter 21.
Both stones, for which the unfortunate name "hyacinth" has long been entrenched, namely the orange-brown garnet hessonite and zircon (jargon), are very similar in appearance. Brown hessonite can be recognized by its many small inclusions that give the stone its characteristic granular appearance (Fig. 20.3), while zircon has a characteristic resinous-diamond luster and strong birefringence. The dichroscope is useless in this case, since garnet is an isotropic material and, therefore, has no dichroism, and the dichroism of zircons, with the exception of blue stones, is very weak. On a refractometer, Hessonite usually gives a refractive index value of about 1.743, but an admixture of an almandine molecule can slightly raise this value. Hessonites with a high content of the almandine molecule have a distinct reddish tint and an easily recognizable absorption spectrum of almandine.
The possibility cannot be ruled out that the stone considered to be Hessonite is in fact spessartine, another member of a large family of garnets. Good examples of this manganese garnet are so rare that they are highly prized by collectors. The refractive index and specific gravity of spessartine are very close to the corresponding constants of almandine (i.e. 1.79 and 4.10), but its colors belong to a completely different range. Spessartines are yellow, orange and orange-brown, while almandines are deep purple-red. In the blue and violet regions of the absorption spectrum of this stone, bands due to manganese are observed (Ch. 10). Sometimes there are garnets containing hessonite and spessartine (or almandine and spessartine) molecules. Zircon, with its high refractive index, gives a "negative" reading on a conventional refractometer, that is, the border of the shaded area from the stone goes beyond the border that the contact liquid gives. In combination with the appearance, this feature is sufficient to determine zircon, however, brown sphene should be considered as a possible option, since it also gives a "negative" reading on a refractometer and has even higher birefringence than zircon, which, however, is sometimes difficult determine due to the complete absorption of one of the rays. And only a dichroscope will help to cast aside all doubts, since brown sphene is strongly dichroic, while zircon of the same color does not have dichroism. The absorption spectrum of zircon allows reliable identification of the material.
Brown chrysolites are rarely used in jewelry, although brown, iron-rich specimens are not uncommon among the predominant green pebbles mined in the piece. Arizona. These stones have high refractive indices and specific gravity (see Table 20.1). In appearance and properties, they can easily be mistaken for sinhalite, which was first considered as a new mineral in 1952. This was the second time that a new mineral species was discovered in the study of cut stones. The first mineral discovered in such an unexpected way was taffayite (1945). Sinhalite is a borate of magnesium and aluminum, and, therefore, in composition it is completely different from the minerals of the chrysolite group, which is a magnesium and iron silicate. Nevertheless, both minerals have the same rhombic structure, and this explains the close similarity of their physical properties. They are more stable in syngalite than in chrysolite, since its chemical composition more constant, especially in terms of iron content.
The minimum values \u200b\u200bof refractive indices for syngalite, obtained when studying a golden brown sample weighing 17.5 carats, were 1.667, 1.697 and 1.705. The minimum specific gravity for the same stone is 3.465. The maximum values \u200b\u200b- 1.676, 1.704 and 1.712 for refractive indices and 3.52 for specific gravity - were determined for a brownish-green stone. The "set" of the minimum constants of syngalite is very close to the "set" of constants of brown Arizona chrysolite, the refractive indices of which are equal to 1.688, 1.674, and 1.704, and the specific gravity is 3.43. In this case, the recognition of stones by measuring the refractive indices should be based on determining the amount of movement of the border of the shaded area corresponding to the maximum refractive index. Sinhalite n
much closer to n
Whereas chrysolite has n
lies almost in the middle between the extreme values. Fortunately, studying the absorption spectra of these two minerals helps to resolve all doubts in the few cases when they arise. The spectrum of chrysolite contains three evenly distributed bands in the green and blue regions at 493, 473 and 453 nm. The absorption spectrum of syngalite contains bands at 493, 475, 463 and 450 nm. The "extra" band at 463 nm is characteristic of syngalite.
High quality sinhalite specimens produce beautiful golden or greenish brown stones, clean and often of considerable size. After the publication of the report on the discovery of sinhalite, its samples began to be found in batches of chrysoberyl and zircons of the same color as it. Only the relatively low hardness (6.5 on the Mohs scale) does not allow this stone to take a sufficiently honorable place in a number of the most valuable stones.
Considering all possible cases, we should mention diamond and cassiterite, which give "negative" readings on the refractometer and have the corresponding color. Brown diamond with its diamond brilliance, lack of birefringence and exceptional hardness is easily distinguishable from other stones, although its color can be caused by irradiation with charged particles and subsequent heating. Methods for determining irradiated diamonds are discussed in Ch. 10. Cassiterite is a valuable tin ore, in specimens suitable for cutting, it is extremely rare and of interest only to collectors.
Common gemstones - brown tourmaline and brown chrysoberyl - are very difficult to distinguish from each other based on appearance. Both stones have a thicker brown color than the stones described above and are not very beautiful. Tourmalines of this type strongly absorb light, which explains their completely "dead" appearance. The birefringence, which can be observed in most tourmalines with a magnifying glass, is not noticeable in this case, since one of the two split rays (ordinary) is completely absorbed in the stone and in the dichroscope its image looks almost black in comparison with the other image ^, which is brown. It is best to identify these two minerals with a refractometer: tourmaline gives two narrow borders of the shaded area near the values \u200b\u200bof 1.62 and 1.64 at their maximum distance from each other, while chrysoberyl has higher refractive indices (1.74 and 1.75 ), and its birefringence is so low that it is detected only in monochromatic light. When studying these stones, one can come across a pleasant, albeit unlikely, surprise - the mineral andalusite, which is very rarely cut, which has properties close to tourmaline and looks like it, although it is a completely different mineral in composition. Tourmaline belongs to the trigonal system, andalusite to the rhombic, and this circumstance allows the mineralogist to confidently distinguish them using optical methods. Even a bulk refractometer is suitable for this, since tourmaline of "andalusite" color (brown or brownish-green with a reddish tint) always gives twice as much birefringence as andalusite. We dwell on this in such detail due to the fact that sometimes a collector expects to buy andalusite, and they try to impose a tourmaline of the same color on him, not realizing that the buyer is a knowledgeable person and wants to buy exactly andalusite, and not any another outwardly similar stone.
Brown or orange stones that are collectible in faceted form include axiiite, sphalerite, enstatite, vesuvian, cornerupine and scheelite. Axinite is usually dark brown in color and exhibits strong pleochroism. The cutting material comes from France and Mexico. Sphalerite is a cubic mineral with a refractive index almost the same, and its dispersion is much higher than that of diamond. Low hardness and good cleavage make it difficult to cut and lead to rapid wear of the stone when used in jewelry. With its high refractive index, combined with isotropy, it differs from all minerals, with the exception of diamond, for which it, however, can hardly be mistaken given its appearance... Transparent specimens of sphalerite have a wonderful golden brown color. The absorption spectrum of sphalerite contains one or several narrow bands in the red region. Very similar bands are noted in the spectrum of zircon, and beginners should be careful not to mistake the spectrum of Sphalerite for the spectrum of zircon.
Beautiful stones, hard enough to be easily polished and remain polished, are obtained from high quality Vesuvian specimens. Rocks from the Laurentian Mountains in Canada are pure golden brown. They can be identified by their refractive index (slightly above 1.70) and very high birefringence (0.005). Some samples may exhibit a weak absorption spectrum of didyme.
Usually for cutting are used varieties of enstatite (a mineral from the pyroxene group), colored in brown tones, but recently in Sri.
In Lanka, a colorless cutting material of this composition was also found. The origin of the green chromium-containing enstatite is associated with the diamond pipes of South Africa. Enstatite gives an intense absorption line in the green region of the spectrum at 506 nm, and this line is observed even in almost colorless stones.
Cornerupine from yellowish to greenish-brown colors or brownish "cat's eye" type is extracted from pebble placers of colored stones in Sri Lanka. A bright green chromium material found in Kenya. The values \u200b\u200bof the refractive indices of cornerupine are in the range of 1.67-1.68, so great care is required not to confuse it with minerals of the pyroxene group: diopside, enstatite, and even with spodumene.
Finally, we will describe scheelite, a valuable tungsten ore. Its transparent specimens of yellow and orange are sometimes cut for collectors to produce remarkably beautiful stones. The low hardness of scheelite prevents its widespread use in jewelry. The birefringence of scheelite is high enough to be observed with a magnifying glass (this is how scheelite differs from diamond), but at the same time it is not so great that the stone can be mistaken for zircon. In the absorption spectrum of scheelite, a group of thin lines in the yellow region of the spectrum is often seen, associated with the presence of rare earth metals; this indicates that we have a calcium mineral. Methods for distinguishing natural scheelite from its artificial counterpart are described in chapters 9 and 12.
The properties of the stones considered in this chapter are given in table. 20.1. The stones are listed in it in the order of decreasing their specific weight.
Table 20.1 Physical constants of brown and orange stones |
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The sun ensures success in business. In our body, the Sun is in charge of the life principle, gives healthy strength, and ensures vital activity. People under the influence of the Sun are healthy, beautiful, have a clear complexion, blue or gray eyes, broad shoulders, and a straight and proud posture.
The sun is an active element that personifies will, an indicator of an immortal spirit.
The glare of the sun echoes with gold, orange and yellow colors. In ancient times, the cattle breeder and the farmer depended primarily on the cosmic forces of nature, among which the sun was the main one.
The sun is the very first god of a working person, he gives warmth for the cultivation of herbs, cereals, fruits.
Eastern hymns to the Sun are magnificent examples of philosophy, poetry, and prose. All the sun gods are dressed in aolot clothes and ride around in golden chariots.
The role of the Sun for people of different levels of consciousness was characterized by ancient astrologers as follows: the Sun for a developed person is the Lord of life, for an underdeveloped person - a Happy Sun It determines its influence on the lives of people from 19 to 37 years old.
Orange color - liberating, liberating both physically and mentally, psychologically contributes to a more tolerant attitude towards each other, strengthens the will.
Our second energy chakra, responsible for the genitourinary sphere, our most powerful source of energy, located on the spine at the level of the pubis, is colored orange. This chakra is called Svadhisthana. It contains the dormant Kundalini energy. Orange is a rejuvenating color that nourishes.
Orange has the ability to regenerate nerve and muscle tissue. In our aura, orange indicates the strength of the intellect, its shades characterize the level of intellect development, its “earthiness” or an impulse to heights, to perfection, to spirituality - accordingly, enlightenment goes from orange to golden yellow.
Orange helps to advance along the path of spirituality. At the same time, orange is able to maintain sexuality, heals diseases associated with disorders of the genitourinary system. According to Ayurveda, orange has a healing effect on diseases caused by wind and moisture, improves blood circulation and skin color. An excess of orange causes the body to overheat.
Medicinally, the orange color is very effective in spleen disease, improves the digestion of food and its distribution throughout the body. A very high therapeutic effect is observed when exposed to orange in all diseases of the pulmonary system / lungs, trachea, bronchi, larynx, pharynx, esophagus / and the use of orange is especially good in patients with bronchial asthma.
As the color of vitality and warmth, this color regulates metabolic processes, affects the work of our endocrine glands. Its effect is curative for weakened heart work. We recommend orange color in the complex treatment of epilepsy, because it tends to penetrate into the deep structures of tissues, in particular, into the structure of nervous and muscle tissue.
Jasper. Of the orange colors of stones, the most accessible and common are honey-orange jasper and carnelian. You can talk and write about jaspers endlessly. This is the "art gallery of nature" - the natural hermitage. A date with a jasper is a charge of cheerfulness, it is penetration into the secret treasure of nature, and sometimes it seems that this is a chronicle of the earth and all the events that happened on earth and left their inimitable trace. The author has a piece of jasper, large enough, donated by friends, on which one can very clearly distinguish a drawing similar to the painting by N. Roerich "Santana". This Sanskrit word meaning the endless stream of life is the name of the Santana Center for Traditional Medicine.
In Japanese poetry, jasper and pearl are constant epithets used in the meaning of "beautiful, wondrous", etc., and in general, beautiful jasper is a metaphor for a beautiful lover, a beauty.
Jasper in Japan was treated with special respect. When a messenger was sent on an errand, or as a sign of greeting, or with special news, jasper was tied to the branch of the adzusa tree.
Jasper symbolized human life, jasper thread is a metaphor for human life, and its “torn thread” is the fragility of human existence.
In Japan, there are three sacred relics - Mirror, Jasper and Sword, symbols of the sun goddess Ama-terasu - all revered, valuable and secret.
In Ayurveda, heliotrope (blood jasper), in addition to its blood-purifying and hemostatic properties, was attributed to the ability of spiritual education of children, a transforming influence on the qualities of the soul, their ennobling and love. According to the ancient sages, this green jasper with red blotches carries Fire and Water, which allows it to have a healing effect in diseases of the liver, spleen, as well as in anemia (anemia). Rishis recommend wearing a heliotrope necklace or pendants near the heart. Jasper not only amazes with the beauty and uniqueness of landscape sketches, it protects a person from diseases, helps to align relations between people, their reconciliation. This beautiful stone strengthens a person's sense of duty and honor, which is very important today, when duty is forgotten, and the concept of "honor" is completely lost. Orange-colored jaspers are day stones, high-energy versatile healers.
Padparadscha. Of the transparent orange stones, there is a unique stone of the brilliant korund family - this is padparadscha, "morning dawn". If we assume the Senegalese origin of this word, then the name of this stone comes from the words "padma rajan" - the color of the lotus. Rare orange corundums are very beautiful and spectacular, they are found mainly in Sri Lanka.
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Orange endows a person with a joyful mood, optimism and friendliness. This color is preferred by bright, energetic personalities, which are characterized by optimism and self-confidence. Also, orange color contributes to the development of imagination and a charge of inspiration, so representatives of creative professions love it. As for gems, orange stones are carriers of powerful positive energy, which can have a beneficial effect on the life and fate of a person. Such stones are suitable for representatives of those signs of the zodiac, the element of which is Fire, that is, Aries, Leo and Sagittarius.
Orange stones
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Orange colored semi-precious and gemstones include:
Metal for stone
If a person has chosen an orange stone as a talisman and wants to wear it in the form of jewelry, then gold should be preferred. The energy of this metal is in harmony with all stones of warm colors, including orange.
