Knitting. Knitting - what is it? Message about knitting

Knitting

Knitting - the process of manufacturing products (usually elements of clothing) from continuous threads by bending them to loops and connections to loops with each other using simple tools manually (knitted hook, needles, needle) or on a special machine (mechanical knitting). Morphologically refers to types of weaving.

History

In Central and Southern Europe, the art of knitting was revived in the XIII century. In the tombs of princes from the genus De La Card in the abbey of Santa Maria La Real de las-Hulgas, knitted flutes of gloves and pillowcases were found. Moreover, the density of the knitted cloth of pillowcase is comparable to the density of modern knitting knitting - about twenty loops per inch.

In the XVI century, the knitting stocking was widespread in Spain, at the same time the fashion came to knitted gloves. The first guild, uniting knitters, was created in Paris in 1527. The knitting machine for the manufacture of stockings was in England Priest William Lee in 1589.

Knitting

Tools and materials

Circular spokes

For knitting, knitting needles from various material: metal, plastic, wooden. It is desirable that the needker on one of the ends had a limiter to prevent loop scaling. To obtain a cylindrical seamless fabric, either ring spokes are used (connected by flexible link), or a set of four (five) spokes, where loops of the product are distributed between three (four) knitting needles, and one more is used as working. Harnesses, braids, various interlacing are performed using auxiliary needle or petaperzhatel.

The flat knitted canvas is performed on two spokes, or on the ring. It fit in direct and reverse directions and has the facial and irons. The cylindrical cloth fit in a circle only on the front side.

The knitting needles should not be too sharp, so as not to split the thread and do not wander your hands, nor too stupid, so as not to make it difficult to enter the working knitting needle in the loop. Numbers corresponding to its diameter in millimeters are used to designate the spokes of the spokes (for example, Spice No. 4 has a diameter of 4 mm).

Continental (German) method.

English way.

The diameter of the spokes is chosen according to the thickness of the yarn, usually in the 2: 1 ratio. However, depending on what product is supposed to be obtained, variations are possible. When knitting with thin spokes of thick yarn, the web is obtained more dense, the spokes of a large diameter of thin threads - loose, openwork.

Knitting yarn is used in a variety of: linen, cotton, woolen, synthetic, blended, shaped. In order to avoid the skew of the knitted web, should not be used for products performed by the pulp (cycle) stroke, strong threads.

Main types of loops

The main types of loops are facial, insuring, nakid, edge. With their help, it is created all the variety of knitwear patterns associated with the needles.

Before starting work on the product, it is necessary to link the sample size of about 10x10 cm. With its help, the number of loops and rows on a centimeter of the knitted web is determined, which makes it possible to achieve accuracy in the size of the product.

Facial smooth.

The knitting process on the needles begins with a set of the required number of loops into two folded spokes - the creation of the initial row. After the set, one of the spokes (working) is removed, and the loops remain on the needker, which is taken into the left hand. There are two ways to knitting: English, when the thread from the ball (working) is held with the right hand and, when the new loop is formed, picks up with the right spin, and the German (continental) - the working thread is in the left hand and throws onto the right spoke.

Tweetting.

Emboss of facial loop - The working thread is located behind the cloth. The right knitting needle is introduced from left to right into the loop on the left needle, the scale is captured and pulled out. The front loop remains on the right spice, the loop of the left knitting needles (the previous row) is reset. When knitting facial loops on the front rows and hollows, a smooth canvas (facechair) with vertical strips resembling braids are formed. Such a binding is also called a fever or a hollow smooth. When knitting facial loops and in the facial and in the wrong rows, a thicker web with horizontal stripes is obtained - this nitigation is called the boiless. The elongated facial loop is obtained if the working needker is administered not in the loop of the previous row, but to a series (two, three, etc.) below.

Reconnection of the involving loop - It corresponds to the confusion of the facial loop, but the working thread is located in front of the web, and the working needker is entered on the right left. The alternation of the facial and invalid with a non-vertex hinge knits the so-called gum - very tensile canvas. An elastic and cuffs of sweaters and COFT, as well as products that fitting the shape strongly fitted with a rubber band.

Nakid. - The working thread is pounced on the right spoke or picks up. In the involve row, the Nakid is written as an ordinary loop. Caides are used to form an openwork pattern (with holes in the canvas) and for adding loops. If, when adding loops in the pattern, the holes are undesirable, then a crossed loop is knitted in an invalible row.

Knitted web made of crossed loops: on the right side, the interlacing wall of the loop is made to the right, in the left - left.

Emboss of crossed loop. The crossed is called that loop, the walls of which are located crosswise. Crossed loop is confused from ordinary facial and invalous loops. When there is a number of invalid loops for the front wall, and the next - the front-faced back wall, the loop of the previous row become crossed. The cloth of crossed loops is usually more dense and less stretched. Of these, things are tied, whose strength of special requirements (socks, mittens, etc.) are presented. The disadvantage of the knitted canvas from crossed loops is its distortion (especially this is noticeable when knitting with a penny smooth), since the loops are rooted at an angle relative to its surface.

Sample knitting with harnesses

Edge loop - The loops from which the rows end up. The first extreme loop is removed on the working needle without checking. The last loop of each row is written in the wrong, if you need to get a smooth edge of the knitted web or facial loop if the gear edge is required. When knitting yarn of different colors, the first loop of the row during the transition to another color should be knitted to fix a new thread in the edge.

Looped - Loop, removed on the working needle without tissue.

Refractation and reduction of loops. When the loops is reduced, two hinges knit as alone. For a shuttle to the right, two hinges are pronounced as one facial, with a slope to the left - the first loop is removed by the wrong, the second is lying on the face and stretches through the first. Loops are added with the help of Nakuda, in the following row as facial or irons.

Hars and braids - It turns out by changing the procedure for checking the loops: the first loop (loop) is removed on the auxiliary needle and left for or before work. The following loop (loops) is pronounced, after - loop (loops) from auxiliary needles.

Knitting of different color

Crochet

Crochet in a circle

The process of making a web or lace manually from threads with a knitted hook. It is considered a more easy-to-face needlework compared to knitting needles. When crocheted, the working thread is adhered to larger and index fingers of the left hand. The hook holds in the right hand with big and index fingers with a support for the third finger. The thread is thrown on the hook, which has been trapped in a free loop, and pulls out through it. Main types of hinges in crochet: air, semi-solitary, column without an inlet, columns with nakidami.

Tools and materials

A knitting tool is a wand of the same thickness along the entire length or with thickening on the handle with a crochet at the end. For Tunisian knitting, a hook is designed with a very long handle to which loops are rolled in the process. Hooks are performed from a variety of materials: steel, wood, plastic. It is important that the hook is well polished, and the handle is a comfortable, not tosing hand.

Types of knitting

Knitting
Tunisian knitting

Notes

Literature

// Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 tons and 4 extra). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
Pam Allen. Knitting on knitting needles. How to learn to knit with the needles. Schemes, models, patterns \u003d Knitting for dummies. - m.: "Dialectics", 2011. - P. 304. - ISBN 978-5-8459-1732-4

Full encyclopedia of female needlework / lane. With Franz .. - m.: Climbing, 1992. - 608 p. - 34,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85846-022-4
Pam Allen. Knitting for "kettles" \u003d knitting for dummies. - m.: "Dialectics", 2007. - ISBN 0-7645-5395-x
Susie Jones crochet for beginners Publishers: AST, Astrel, 2008

Knitting - what is it?

Knitting is one of the most interesting and useful types of needlework. Many beautiful items needed in the daily life of products can be performed by knowing how to knit. Nowadays, no woman can imagine themselves without a fashionable knitted hat, screaming, sweatshirts. In this section, you will be presented with modified festive and casual wear on any season for you and your children, as well as a detailed description of each model.

In fashion - ruffles, swans and ruffles, hats and handbags. Good add-ons to models will always be accessories in the form of beads, belts, scarves, gloves, etc.

Openwork tops, skirts and sundresses related to crocheted, are familiar to our ladies in the summer wardrobe, especially if they are made of genuine yarn.

Cold autumn days have come? How nice to wear a warm pullover or jacket connected with your own hands!

Those of you who have not had time to tie a warm thing, do not despair. Here you will find charming models that can be associated easily and quickly, a large selection of pullover of the most fashionable colors, hooked jackets, sports pullovers for men, as well as a large selection of a variety of fashionable things for your children.

Do you like needlework? Try to make your home with a cozy and pleasant vacation spot for family and friends?

All this is not a problem, you just have to master the embroidery techniques or crochet, and how many charming things you can make: napkins and tablecloths, pillows and curtains will decorate your apartment and create a special mood.

What to knit

In the manufacture of knitted products, the choice of yarn is of paramount importance. Currently, there are a large number of threads for knitting, differing in color, composition, invoice, etc.

Below is a description of some types of yarn, which can be used when knitting domestic slippers.

The most popular knitting yarn is woolen. It is used when knitting and crochet, and on the needles. Cotton threads are also very popular.

Acrylic - synthetic fiber, in many properties close to wool. Products from yarn with acrylic are less falling, they are comfortable and warm, not damaged by mol.

The yarn from a mixture of acrylic with natural fibers connects the best quality of natural fibers and synthetics - it is soft, warm, fluffy and at the same time durable, the product is well passed by air, keeps the form, does not sit down and does not stretch.

Bamboo (bamboo fiber) is a kind of viscose, where wood is used as a raw material, and bamboo. Bamboo fiber softer cotton, has a light glitter and quality resembles silk. It is very durable, has a high wear resistance.

Knitted products from bamboo do not cause irritation and have natural antimicrobial properties, since the bamboo fiber contains a component. Preventing bacteria reproduction.

In addition, bamboo fibers are distinguished by the porous structure, due to which the moisture is instantly absorbed by the web and evaporates. The knitted product from bamboo yarn gives the body to cool and the convenience of hot summer, does not lose its original color and does not change the size after washing.

The bamboo yarn may be homogeneous in composition or produced in a mixture with cotton, polyamide, wool.

Viscose is a soft, pleasant to the touch fiber, which has a high color intensity and soft glitter. The composition of the viscose is close to natural cotton fiber. Among its positive properties, high air and moisture permeability can be distinguished. Products from viscose in the heat give a feeling of coolness.

The disadvantages of the viscose include the low elasticity of its fibers, which is why it is often quite pulled out, especially after washing.

For knitting in the pure form of viscise, it is infrequent, as a rule, it is used in a mixture with cotton or nylon.

Lurex is a brilliant thread, which is a thin strip of film, metallized or coated with foil. Lurex is added to the yarn to give a metal gloss effect. Alone, the filaments of Lurex are practically not used because of their hardness and fragility.

Nylon is a synthetic fiber, which is used as part of various types of yarn in order to increase strength, wear resistance, as well as to reduce shrinkage after washing.

Polyamide - synthetic fiber, characterized by high tensile strength and excellent wear resistance. Polyamide is resistant to many chemical reagents, well resists biochemical effects, painted by many dyes. The main advantage of polyamide yarn is its high formability - the products from it do not lose forms when wet and dry operation, do not require special care.

The disadvantages of this fiber include its high electricity, instability to light effects, low hygiene properties.

Polyester - synthetic fiber from polyester group. The products made of polyester yarn are soft and pleasant to the touch, the air is well passed, keep warm.

Most often, this type of fiber is used in a mixture with wool, cotton, flax and viscose. At the same time, the wear resistance and elasticity of knitwear are significantly increased and all positive qualities of natural fiber are preserved.

You can also use 100% polyester yarn for knitting.

Spandex fibers can be stretched to length, which is four to-seven times higher than their original, and when the stretching force disappears, fiber, as a spring, returns to the original state.

Spandex (Lycra) is an artificial fiber of increased elasticity.

Spandex is used only in small quantities in combination with other types of fibers (both natural and synthetic). One or two percent of the spandex in the product to change its properties.

Cotton is a natural yarn consisting of thin short soft fluffy fibers.

Cotton skips well and absorbs moisture. By strength, cotton yarn is inferior to linen or silk, but surpasses woolen. Cotton is well painted and practically does not fade, comfortable and pleasant in the sock, soft, but is durable, resistant to abrasion and rupture, hygienic. The disadvantages of cotton: it will be easily, tends to shrink, quickly wet and dries long.

Cotton yarn is very dense and inelastic, it is best to use it for knitting solid or openworks, but not textual patterns and rubber bands. Cotton is often used in a mixture with viscose, polyester, acrylic. 100% cotton yarn is suitable for knitting summer products.

With special processing, the glitter of cotton thread is achieved. A typical sample of such processing is an Iris yarn.

Wool - a common name for sheep wool, goats, camels, lamas, rabbit, dogs, etc. Wool varies in strength, length and thickness of the fiber.

The thinner of the hair, the softer, silky and gentle yarn, the higher its quality.

The common properties of wool can be attributed to high thermal insulation, hygroscopicity, softness.

The most common woolen yarn is made of sheep wool. The softness of the wool depends on the breed of the sheep and on what time of year wool was on the sheep (winter wool, obtained with spring haircut, usually the most mild). The quality of the thread is determined by the level of battery (that is, the selection of the fiber), types of processing and spinning.

In terms of its characteristics, the woolen yarn is lighter and elastic than the yarn of vegetable fibers, it is better kept warm, much less wet.

The disadvantages of woolen yarn can be attributed to its dumpingness and formation of rollers on it by friction. Moreover, the weaker the twisted yarn is, the stronger the disadvantages appear. In order to get rid of them, as well as to give the woolen threads additional strength and odorlessness, they add vegetable or artificial fibers. So, the wool is usually mixed with acrylic, nitrone, polyester, viscose, silk, flax, cotton, spandex.

There are a large number of varieties of wool and fluff yarn, which differ from each other by strength, softness and some other properties.

Camel wool is pretty poorly color, so most often this yarn of natural sandy-brown color.

Angora yarn is made from the fluff of Rabbits an Angora breed, it is very fluffy, soft and warm. In the pure form of Angora is practically not used due to the high cost and excessive softness of the fibers. Nevertheless, it is widely used in a mixture with wool, merino wool or acrylic. The product from such yarn is light, warm, gentle and pleasant to the touch.

Camel wool is produced from a pulmonary subworct of camels, which is collected with a spring molting.

Camel wool is known for its healing qualities, ease, hygroscopicity, hypoallergenia, high levels of thermal insulation.

For knitting, yarn is used from 100% camel wool, as well as its mixtures with other fibers.

Wool fibers Alpaca hollow inside, thanks to which products related to yarn with its addition, very well hold warm.

Alpaca is a variety of camel wool. The yarn is made from alpaca's wool - animal camel family. Wool has a majority of the same properties as camel. It is very tough and appreciated quite expensive, so it is rare in pure form. The most widespread mixtures of this wool with conventional or merino, as well as with artificial fibers (for example, with acrylic).

Initially, Merino Sheep was bred in Spain, later they began to be breeded in Australia and New Zealand.

Cashmere is the Pooh (undercoat) of a mountain goat, which is plucking out or combed from goat wool manually during molting. So that the cachemir yarn is not rolling, it is mixed with woolen fiber in different proportions.

Cashmere yarn is pleasant to the touch, when knitting smoothly falls. Its products from it are much easier than woolen, as the dwarf fibers are very thin and hollow inside.

Merino wool - wool with long and thin fibers, obtained from fine-dimensional sheep of merino breeds.

Merino wool is thin, light, durable, elastic. Products from it very well hold the form.

Due to the high cost in pure form, Merino yarn is quite rare. Most often it is mixed with other types of fibers.

Mohler - Yarn from the wool of angora goats, one of the warmest natural materials.

Due to excessive softness and smoothness, the fibers of the mooring yarn is not found in its pure form. To increase the strength of the thread, the moharger is mixed with other fibers (usually with acrylic or nylon). When mixed with a nylon, the mohair acquires shine and additional strength.

A high-end mohair is obtained from a goat with a first haircut, to obtain a low-quality mohair used wool from goats-two-year beds.

Moherry yarn has long fluffy fibers, soft, air, silky to the touch, elastic on the break. It is painted in bright and at the same time natural colors. Mochlorian yarn products are obtained very air and warm.

Whatever yarn for knitting you choose, it is necessary to pay attention to its strength.

If the thread springs in the hands, then things associated from it are practically not deformed. If the thread is torn even from a small stretching (usually woolen), the thing associated with such threads will be fragile, it will be bad to keep the form and quickly stretches. In such cases, the yarn for knitting in the process is recommended to add another thread, for example, synthetic.

When choosing yarn for knitting, it is necessary to pay attention to its uniformity.

Durable products from twisted threads are obtained. The more threads are twisted, the stronger the product is associated with the product.

On the thread, especially for crochet, there should be no irregularities - thickening or very thin sites. For uneven wool, the selection of the patterns is limited, only the embossed mating is suitable.

Speaking about the yarn for knitting, it is worth mentioning about it. Of course, the choice of the color of yarn is a purely individual, each needlewoman picks up the yarn for knitting in the color scheme that, in her opinion, is most suitable for the style and the plan for the work plan. Nevertheless, if a color pattern or a contrast ornament is assumed in the product, check whether the threads of the selected yarn for knitting are not linked. For this, the tip of the threads should be wetted, wrap a white cotton cloth and stroke a hot iron. If the fabric remains clean, it means that the selected yarn for knitting is painted well and is quite suitable for knitting multi-colored products. If the fabric remains paint, the idea of \u200b\u200ba combination of colors is better to refuse.

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We all love to wear knitted things, because they are so beautiful and at the same time soft and cozy. In the wardrobe of each person, a knitted hat, a scarf or socks, moreover, many fashion tramps love to shut in knitted coats, cardigans and even in knitted boots. Therefore, it is unlikely that someone is required to specially explain what kind of knitting is all already knowing how knitted things are made.

Manual knitting is one of the most ancient crafts. The very concept of "knitting" can be defined as the process of creating a web or a whole finished product from a continuous thread by bending it into a loop and further compound these loops in one way or another with simple hand tools.

What is needed for knitting?

Yarn

For knitting, first of all you need yarn. The yarn for manual knitting uses the most different: natural and artificial; Thin and thick; smooth and with various volumetric inclusions (nodules, long verses, down, flippers, etc., etc.); monophonic and multicolored; with beads, beads or sequins rented on it; With the addition of metal threads.

In addition, you can not knit at all from yarn, but from braid, cords, narrow satin ribbons, leather strips and suede and even sliced \u200b\u200bfur with narrow ribbons.

Instruments

The most common tools for manual knitting are ordinary hooks and needles. In addition, the knitting also use the Tunisian hook (a special look of a long hook, which knit on another principle than by the usual crochet) and fork. The plug is a special metal frame made in the form of the chamberon, knit on it using an ordinary hook.

What is knitting needles?

For knitting the straight canvas, a couple of long spokes made of steel, wood or plastics are used. The work ends of the spokes are slightly pointed for the convenience of loops, on non-working ends there are thickening, protected loops from slipping.

Knitting on the needles start from a set on one of the spokes of the desired number of loops. All loops located on the needles, moving. If one of them slip up during operation, everything can be blossomed.

For circular knitting, a usually five or six short spokes or two knitting spokes are used, connected by a flexible jumper.

What is crochet?

For such knitting, hooks are used - short rods, ending slightly rounded, polished by the hook. Crochet can be knitted flatbed on the principle of "there - back" or circular or cylindrical web - in this case, knitting is carried out in one direction and the rows are increasing along the helix. On the hook is always only one working loop, all the other hinges are closed while working, so crochet is more resistant to dissolve.