1 to 3 months
* The air temperature in the child's room is 23 ° C. Airing - 4-5 times a day for 10-15 minutes.
* Obligatory sleep in the air at an air temperature of -5 to 30 ° C. Gradually increase sleep duration from 10 minutes to 2.5 hours.
* Air baths during swaddling and massage for 2-3 to 5-6 minutes. Air temperature from 22 to 18 ° C.
* Washing. Reduce the water temperature gradually from 28 to 20 ° C.
* Shared bath (water temperature 36-37 ° C) lasting 5-6 minutes, followed by pouring water with a temperature of 34-36 ° C daily.
* Wet wiping with a mitten moistened with water (33-35 ° C). Wipe off the handles from hand to shoulder and legs from foot to knee for 2 minutes. Every 2-3 days, reduce the water temperature by 1 ° C and bring it to 28 ° C. Wipe each part of the body dry until slight redness immediately after wet wiping!
3 to 6 months
- The air temperature in the child's room is 20-22 ° C. Air 4-5 times a day for 10-15 minutes.
- Obligatory sleep in the air at temperatures from -10 to 30 ° C. The duration of sleep is about three hours.
- Air baths during dressing, massage and gymnastics from 6-8 to 15 minutes.
- Washing. The water temperature is 23-20 ° C.
- Wet wiping with a mitten moistened with water (33-30 ° C). Wipe your arms and legs completely, then your chest and back. Every 2-3 days the water temperature should be reduced by 1 ° C and brought to 26 ° C. Wipe each part of the body dry until slight redness immediately after wet wiping.
- A general bath (water temperature 35-37 ° C) lasting 5-10 minutes, followed by pouring water (33-35 ° C) daily.
- In summer, stay under the scattered rays of the sun 2-3 times a day for 5-7 minutes.
6 months to 1 year
* The air temperature in the child's room is 18-20 ° C. Air 4-5 times a day for 10-15 minutes.
* Obligatory sleep (or walks) in the air at temperatures from -12 to 30 ° C. The duration is about three to four hours.
* Air baths during dressing, massage, gymnastics and in separate segments of wakefulness up to 10-12 minutes.
* Washing. Water temperature - 22-20 ° C.
* General dousing. The child can stand or sit. First, pour over the back, then the chest, abdomen and, last of all, the hands. The water temperature should initially be 35-37 ° C. Then, every five days, reduce it by 1 ° C and bring it to 28 ° C. After pouring on the baby, rub it dry until slightly reddened.
* Shared bath (water temperature 35-36 ° C) lasting 5-10 minutes, followed by pouring water (32-34 ° C) daily.
* In summer, stay under the scattered rays of the sun 2-3 times a day for 8-10 minutes.
If you regularly carry out at least some of the above procedures, this will significantly improve the health of your baby. But do not wait for miracles: all hardening programs are designed for a long period and you will wait for the first results no earlier than six months later. Your baby will become less prone to disease.
Good luck and, most importantly, in this case, patience!
Shipulina E. V. infant swimming instructor, pediatrician
The procedures can be started from any age, practically from birth.
You can temper and often sick children. The procedures are started during the period when the child is healthy.
All environmental factors (sun, air, water) are used for hardening.
Hardening can be started at any time of the year. The procedures should be carried out systematically, throughout the year, then they will have the maximum effect.
It is necessary to gradually increase the strength of the stimulus and the time of its effect on the child's body.
All hardening procedures will be effective only against the background of positive emotions!
Hardening a child up to 1 year
Air baths are the first tempering procedure for a newborn baby. They consist in the fact that while changing clothes, the child is kept without clothes for 1-2 minutes at an air temperature in the room of 22-24 C.
In summer, a newborn can be taken out for a walk almost immediately after birth (if its weight is more than 2500 g), at first for 20-40 minutes a day, gradually increasing the time to 6-8 hours a day. Ultraviolet rays have a positive effect on the body's immune system, but it must be remembered that the delicate skin of a child burns easily, therefore, the baby's stay in direct sunlight is strictly prohibited.
In winter, in central Russia, it is possible to walk with a child from the age of seven at an air temperature of up to -10 C in calm weather, starting from 5-10 minutes a day, up to 1.5-2 hours a day in the fresh air.
A very important hardening procedure at this age is the daily bathing of the baby. Bathing gives children positive emotions and is a powerful tempering factor. Shared baths in the first half of the year are carried out daily, in the second - it is possible every other day. The water temperature should be 36-37 C. After bathing, the baby is poured with water 2-3 degrees below the one in which he bathed.
From one to three years
At this age, children are quite resistant to many unfavorable factors, especially if hardening was carried out from birth. Therefore, more contrasting methods can be used. You can carry out general rubdowns with a decrease in the water temperature to 26-28 C, use a shower, which has a stronger effect, since in addition to the temperature factor, there is also a mechanical effect of the water flow on the child's skin, which has a massaging effect.
From one and a half to two years, a child can be allowed to swim in open reservoirs at a water temperature of +21 C and an air temperature of +25 C or more. The first bath is 1-2 minutes, then a break for 10-15 minutes. It is very important not to scare the child - do not drag him into the water, let him come himself.
Children over 1 year old can gradually sunbathe. The air temperature should be from +20 C to +30 C (but no more!), Start staying in the sun gradually for 5-10 minutes to 30-40 minutes.
The best time for sunbathing is in the morning from 9 to 12 o'clock, in hot weather you can sunbathe from 16 to 18 hours. Do not forget to wear a panama hat on your child's head. Carefully observe the child's skin - at the slightest redness, exposure to the sun should be stopped for 1-2 days.
It is undesirable for children under three years old to carry out contrasting hardening procedures (cold shower, sauna, Russian bath), since the child is not yet able to assess the state of health, and later it will be difficult to determine the line between the beneficial effect of this method and the negative one.
Physical education abstract on the topic:
Hardening a child up to a year.
Performed : 1st year student
specialty "Management"
Bondareva Ekaterina
Hardening ……………………………………………………………………………… 3 p.
General rules …………………………………………………………………………… 4-5 p.
Principles of child hardening. Classification of procedures for hardening of children… .6 p.
Air hardening. Types of hardening …………………………………………… .7 p.
Water quenching ……………………………………………………………………… .8 p.
Traditional water treatments. Sunbathing ………………………………… ..9 p.
Scheme of air and sun baths, douches for infants …………………………………………………………………………………… .10 p.
When and how to start hardening …………………………………………………… .11 p.
Output................................................. .................................................. ................... 11 p.
List of references……………………………………………………………………………….................. ........ 12 p.
Hardening.
The most important moment in a woman's life is the birth of a small, warm, such a defenseless lump, your child. From this moment on, you are responsible not only for yourself, but also for the life of the newly minted person. There is not a single Mammal in living nature that would be more defenseless than a “human baby”. It's good if a mother feeds her baby with breast milk. And if, for some reason, there is no such possibility? We must somehow try to strengthen the immune system. Tempering of infants can be started.
Hardening is a system of procedures, under the influence of which the body's resistance to adverse environmental influences increases. The physiological basis of hardening is that a person constantly and systematically (and these are the main principles of hardening) develop conditioned reflexes that provide more perfect thermoregulation - maintaining a constant body temperature.
The body, unprepared for sudden changes in temperature, responds to them with a reaction such as an unconditioned reflex. For example, in response to cooling, the vessels located on the surface of the body dilate in order to warm it due to the greater blood flow to the skin. But this dramatically increases the heat transfer, which further cools the body. The hardened organism, in response to the cooling signal received from the thermoreceptors, immediately increases the generation of heat. The vessels of the skin, however, expand only for a short time, increasing the flow of warm blood to the surface layers of the body, and then this heat is retained due to a sharp decrease in heat transfer - the vessels of the skin contract.
Hardening not only trains the thermal adaptation systems of the child's body. It also activates the immune system. Thanks to these two factors, hardening allows you to avoid many diseases, especially in physiologically immature newborns, in whom the immune system is not yet sufficiently developed.
Thus, hardening contributes to the normal physical and mental development of the child. It is necessary to temper the baby from the first days of life - everyone agrees with this. However, there are diametrically opposite points of view on how to temper, and in particular during the neonatal period.
According to one of them, a newborn child is weak, requires careful attitude, and therefore special hardening measures can be carried out 1.5–2 months after his birth, and then very carefully. Until that time, one should confine oneself to the tempering episodes that arise in the process of caring for a child, and creating healthy living conditions for him.
General rules.
We associate many hopes with the birth of children: we want them to grow up beautiful and smart, and also healthy and strong. And therefore, the main task of both parents and doctors is to prevent possible diseases from the first days of a child's life.
At birth, the child finds himself in a new habitat. Nature has endowed the baby with many different adaptive and protective mechanisms in order for him to survive and begin to develop in this environment. For example, a child has thermoregulation mechanisms that prevent overheating and hypothermia. When we cram a child and create hothouse conditions for him, we "deprive them of work" of these mechanisms. Having become unnecessary, they can gradually atrophy, and then even a light breeze will pose a threat to the child - a child who turns out to be defenseless can easily get sick.
The body's endurance and its resistance to changing environmental conditions increase under the influence of hardening - air, water, diffused sunlight: the child's immunity to various diseases increases, the thermoregulation mechanisms are improved; hardening promotes the correct metabolism, has a positive effect on the physical development of the child, on the adaptation of his body to new living conditions. Hardening is the leading method of increasing the resistance of the child's body.
However, to obtain a positive effect from hardening, a number of general rules must be followed:
Systematic use of hardening procedures throughout the year without interruptionBreaks in hardening lead to a weakening of the adaptive mechanisms that are formed under the influence of hardening procedures. Even in adults, 3-4 weeks after the termination of the hardening procedures, the developed resistance to the effects of cold is sharply weakened. In children in the 1st year of life, the disappearance of the adaptation effect occurs in an even shorter time - after 5-7 days. As conditions change depending on the season, the procedures should be varied without completely canceling them. For example, an outdoor shower in winter can be replaced by dousing your feet.
It is possible to ensure the systematic conduct of hardening procedures throughout the year only if they are firmly included in the child's daily routine and are combined with the usual activities carried out at different times of the day (washing, walking, sleeping, playing, taking a hygienic bath, etc. .).
A gradual increase in the strength of the irritantHardening is based on the body's ability to gradually adapt to unusual conditions. Resistance to low temperatures must be developed consistently but continuously. The transition from weaker hardening procedures to stronger ones (by lowering the temperature of the air, water and increasing the duration of the procedure) should be carried out gradually. This is especially important for young children and weakened children (premature babies, suffering from malnutrition, rickets, exudative diathesis or other allergic diseases).
Taking into account the age and individual characteristics of the childFor any hardening measures, it is necessary to take into account the age and state of health of the child and the individual characteristics of his body. With age, the load should be gradually increased. The weaker the child, the more careful one should approach the hardening procedures, but it is imperative to harden him! If the child nevertheless falls ill, consult a doctor whether it is possible to continue at least some procedures with a reduced impact strength; if this cannot be done, you will have to start all over again after recovery.
Carrying out hardening procedures against the background of a positive mood of the childAny hardening event should be carried out after creating a good mood for the child. Crying, anxiety or fear of hardening procedures should not be allowed. If by the time of the procedure the child is upset about something, crying, it is better to postpone the procedure to another time or completely cancel it: it will no longer be possible to get a positive effect from this procedure.
Compliance with the temperature regime of the skinDuring hardening, be sure to check the condition of the child's skin: the procedure can be carried out only if his nose and limbs are warm. If the child is chilled and already has vasoconstriction, it will not be possible to develop a positive reaction to hardening, you can only get the opposite effect. Overheating is also harmful: it increases the moisture content of the skin, which changes its thermal conductivity, as a result of which even moderate exposure to cool water or air can lead to significant hypothermia of the child's body.
Principles of children's hardening.
1. A gradual increase in the strength of the stimulus and the intensity of the procedure.
This means that hardening should be started with the least perceived stimulus force. For example, when quenching with cold water, you need to lower its temperature gradually;
2. Systematic regular and daily hardening procedures.
It should be remembered that hardening of children should be combined with hygienic procedures and physical activity of children;
3. Hardening procedures begin to be carried out in a state of complete health;
4. It is necessary to take into account the individual and age characteristics of the child;
One of the most effective natural hardening agents is water. It is surprising, but the washing and shower habitual to us from childhood can serve not only hygienic, but also health-improving purposes.
Hardening procedures are extremely useful for children of the first year of life, but be sure to remember the main rules of hardening.
Hardening according to all the rules:
1. You can not temper a child until he reaches 1 month of age! The baby's body, which has experienced significant stress during the transition from intrauterine existence to life in the external world, is still only adapting to new conditions for it.
2. Before carrying out hardening procedures with your child, be sure to consult your doctor.
3. Temper your child systematically and regularly - at all times of the year without interruption. It is good if hardening procedures are firmly included in the child's daily routine, and will be combined with ordinary daily activities (washing, walking, sleeping, playing, taking a hygienic bath, etc.). The baby will quickly get used to it and will take hardening procedures for granted.
4. Increase the force of lowering the air temperature consistently, but continuously. As well as the duration of hardening. This is especially important for young children and weak children.
5. Always consider the age and individual characteristics of the child. The weaker the baby, the more carefully one should approach the hardening procedures, but it is imperative to harden him! If your child nevertheless falls ill, consult a doctor whether it is possible to continue at least some procedures with a reduced impact strength; if this cannot be done, upon recovery, you will have to start all over again.
6. Conduct hardening only when the baby is in a good mood. Avoid crying, anxiety, or fear of hardening treatments. Otherwise, there will be no positive effect from hardening.
7. Before and during the hardening procedure, make sure that the child's nose and limbs are warm. If the child has already cooled down, then it will not be possible to develop a positive reaction to hardening, you can only get the opposite effect. In addition, the baby should not be overheated! Cool air can lead to significant hypothermia of the child's body, and we will get the opposite effect from hardening.
Water hardening technique
For children of the first year of life, water hardening procedures can be local (washing, wiping) and general (hygienic baths, wiping and dousing, and sometimes a shower). At the same time, for hardening, you can use both daily hygienic procedures - washing your hands before eating, washing your feet before going to bed, regular bathing, and various games with water.
The effect of water hardening is based on a gradual decrease in water temperature and an increase in the procedure time.
Stage 1 water hardening: washing:
Start hardening with the usual washing of the child. At the same time, the initial water temperature should be close to the skin temperature of the open parts of the child's body - approximately + 28-26 ° C.
Stage 2 of water hardening: rubdown.
Do the rubdown like this: with a terry cloth mitten soaked in water or a terry towel folded several times, quickly wipe the child: the first week - only the upper half of the body, and after a week - the whole body.
At the same time, wipe the child's hands in the direction - from the fingers to the shoulders, the chest in a clockwise circular motion, the back - from the middle of the spine to the sides, the legs - from the feet up to the pelvis, the stomach in a clockwise direction, buttocks - without moving them apart.
Repeat each movement 2-4 times.
You can start with water with a temperature of + 34 ° C and gradually (by 0.5-1 ° per day) reduce the temperature to + 26-23 ° C over 10-15 days.
And here new wiping methodproposed by Swedish doctors. It is recommended to spend from six months.
Moisten a terry towel with "sea water" (1 tablespoon of sea salt per 1 liter of water, water temperature + 22 ° C). As soon as the baby wakes up, holding him by the armpits, lower him on a towel. The child will be happy to stomp.
Without wiping your feet, they move on to other elements of the toilet.
After 2 weeks, if the child feels well, you can increase the load: the child's legs are lowered for 2-3 seconds on a damp towel, which is previously placed in a plastic bag and placed in the refrigerator.
After wet wiping, rub the baby's skin until pink and put it on.
Attention:those areas of the skin that are subjected to rubbing and subsequent rubbing must be absolutely healthy - if there is diaper rash on the skin, any rashes, etc., this procedure should be postponed.
Stage 3 water hardening: local and general douches.
This procedure can be started from 9-12 months (and even earlier in more hardened children).
So, after 2-4 weeks of systematic rubdowns, you can proceed to pouring water (it is better to discuss the temperature regime with your doctor).
Do the douche in this order: starting with the legs, then the buttocks, then the chest and abdomen, and ending with dousing the left and right shoulder.
Of local douches douches of feet are recommended first. They have not only a local, but also a general effect on the body, because cooling the feet is one of the ways to stimulate the activity of the adrenal glands. And those, in turn, play an important role in the functioning of the human immune system.
The hardening effect of this procedure can be due either to a gradual (1 ° per day) decrease in temperature, or to the use of contrast dousing. In the latter case, the feet are first doused with warm water (+ 36 ° C), then cold (+ 24-20 ° C), and at the end again with warm water (+ 36 ° C). This method is best for you if your baby is often sick or prone to allergies, since such children have a tendency to spasm of the capillaries.
Very helpful foot bath ("Stomping" in the water). You can start them with a temperature of + 35 ° C.
Pour water into the tub just above your ankle level. The child must walk on the water (with or without your help) 5-6 times. Then pour the water 2-3 ° C colder. After the bath, they wipe the child's feet and put him to bed (you don't have to wipe your feet).
Attention: as mentioned above - you should not pour cold water on your feet or “stomp” in water if your child has cold feet! The skin temperature of the feet should be only a few degrees higher than the water temperature.
This option is also possible hardening: general dousing with cool (+ 28-22 ° C) water after a hygienic bath.
Stage 4 water hardening: shower.
Shower is a powerful hardening agent.
As a rule, they resort to it when the child is already one and a half years old, but the exercise therapy doctor can prescribe it earlier for any reason (often a shower is prescribed for sluggish children, especially those with poor appetite).
And in conclusion of the article, we would like to remind you that water hardening does not cancel other types of hardening (air, sun) - airing, walking, sleeping in the air, which we talked about in detail.
Tempering newborns is an effective, efficient, time-tested way to strengthen the health and immunity of a little person. The high adaptability of infants allows you to start the hardening process from the first days.
The mechanisms of adaptation in newborns are very developed, in other words, the baby is born hardened. The creation of greenhouse conditions - a constant ambient temperature, sterile food, lack of air movement - turns off the innate adaptation as unnecessary, and after a month the baby begins to sneeze from the slightest draft. One has only to support the natural data of the baby, creating a contrast of temperatures and the presence of positive contact with nature, that is, to carry out hardening procedures and walk with the child in any weather.
The essence of hardening and expected results
The hardening process is a constant metered change in environmental conditions. Natural factors are the best helpers in hardening. The process can be carried out everywhere during dressing, bathing, sleeping, gymnastics. It is not necessary to set aside a special time for hardening. All procedures should naturally fit into the daily routine.
Hardening along with physical exercise, which is carried out regularly, leads to amazing results. The body's work is activated, while improving:
- disease resistance;
- adaptive mechanisms;
- circulation;
- metabolism;
- psycho-emotional state;
- appetite.
Regular hardening will be an excellent prevention against colds. A hardened baby develops faster. He begins to sit down, crawl, walk and talk earlier than his peers.
Important rules for hardening
Before starting hardening, you should contact your attending pediatrician for advice. He must examine the baby to make sure there are no contraindications.
Hardening cannot be started if the child has:
- respiratory disease;
- decompensated heart disease;
- decreased hemoglobin ();
- increased temperature;
- increased nervous irritability;
- severe exhaustion;
- there is a disruption of the gastrointestinal tract;
- disturbed sleep.
To achieve effective hardening, the following rules should be strictly observed:
- Regularity... The procedures are carried out systematically, without interruption for a single day.
- Gradualness... The temperature of the hardening medium (air or water) should change gradually, in small steps. A sharp drop in heat or cold will lead to psychological stress for the child, and even to illness.
- Individuality... The baby's reaction to the procedures should be closely monitored. With strong signs of discontent, inadequate reaction, hardening should be stopped. In order to avoid crying and discontent, it is necessary to distract the child with toys, songs, your smile and affection.
- Cohesion... Hardening procedures should be carried out by the whole family. Pouring with your baby, you can not only set a good example for him, but also strengthen your body. Joint actions also lead to the strengthening of family ties.
Note to moms!
Hello girls! After giving birth, I gained 11 kilograms and could not get rid of them in any way. I tried to limit myself in food, but the diets did not bring much results. I had to look for another solution. And I found it: (-15kg) I hope the information will be useful for you!
Tempering methods
The hardening methods differ among themselves by the type of environment, the temperature of which changes.
Air hardening
- Walking... They begin if the temperature outside is not less than 10 C. The first walk outside should last 15 minutes. Then the time spent on the street is doubled each time. As a result, the child walks about 2 hours a day.
- Air baths... The baby is left naked at room temperature (22 ° C). Start with 30-40 seconds and increase gradually by 30 seconds over a week. A child can receive air baths during gymnastics, feeding, massage, changing clothes, before and after bathing.
- Sleep in nature is stronger and healthier... Dress your child so that he does not feel discomfort. (Related article:)
Water hardening
- The process of hardening with water begins with washing. For babies up to three months, the water temperature is 28 C, from three months to six months - 25-26 C, from six to twelve months - 20-24 C. The water temperature is reduced every two to three days by one degree.
- Rubdowns are the next step. They begin after six months with dry rubdowns with a soft flannel mitten. Wipe in the following order: arms, legs, back, chest and abdomen until slightly reddened. After 7-10 days, start wet rubbing with water with a temperature of 35 C. Bring the temperature to 30 C, gradually lowering it.
- First douches the baby is carried out from birth after bathing, while cool water must be poured onto warm skin. Water is taken at a temperature of 26 C. Having taken out of the bath, they hold the baby on the arm with the back up. Pouring begins from the heels, moving along the spine to the back of the head. The water temperature is reduced by one degree every five days. The lower limit is 18 C, although for some it may be lower.
- Swimming for a newborn "The usual way of movement" - for nine months he was constantly in the aquatic environment. Until three months, the baby's swimming reflexes have not yet died out, and it is quite simple to teach him to swim. When bathing, simply support the baby under the head and allow him to move freely. After six months, you can continue learning to swim in the pool.
Hardening by the sun
Sunbathing is essential for newborns. After all, only in the light in the body is the production of vitamin D, which is necessary for the growth of bones. The duration of sunbathing and their temperature are the same as for air. One "BUT" - you should not take your baby out into direct sunlight.
Contrasting and intense tempering methods
Intensive hardening methods should be used with caution and only when the child's adaptive reflexes are already fixed. These methods are based on a short-term sharp change in temperature: dousing with ice water, dipping into an ice hole, walking in the snow. You should not engage in intense hardening if the baby has chronic diseases.
Contrast hardening methods are based on rapid and abrupt temperature changes. These include contrasting ones:
- rubdown;
- foot baths;
- bath and sauna.
The temperature difference during the first contrast procedure should be 4 C (40 and 36 C, respectively). After five days, the lower limit is lowered by one unit and the amplitude is brought to 23-26 C. The water should be alternated 5-6 times per procedure with an interval of 20 seconds. Hot water should be the last.
Tempering babies is more than just air baths and dousing with water. This is a natural way of life that should be the norm. Physical activity, proper and healthy nutrition, daily routine, sports and walking, hardening procedures. Everything so that the newborn grows up healthy and happy.
Tempering Komarovsky
