Menu nursing mom if a premature child was born. Features of breastfeeding premature children

To determine the age of the introduction of new products, you need to add the number of months that did not have enough child to be born on time. For example, those born for 1 month earlier children can begin to get acquainted with them a month later. The lure for premature babies should be sure to be supplemented with breast milk.

Sample start of dating new food:

• Breast-feeding. The first lure is trying to 6 months. The second is 7 months, the third is 8 months. And the fourth - in 9-10 months.
• Mixed or artificial nutrition. New food is introduced a month earlier than with breast.

Nursing mom's diet should pay special attention. It is thanks to maternal milk kid receives all vitamins and trace elements. The duration of the beginning, of course, defines a pediatrician. He is observing the development, general condition and features of the children's body. It is important to take the necessary analyzes in time, to undergo surveys and stimulate the right development.

How to prepare

Approximately 4-5 months the pancreas is already actively working, the digestive microflora appears in the intestine, chewable reflexes develop. All this allows the body to quietly perceive more thick food and read it well.

The main task of administering the feed is the fixation of chewing skills, addictive to new tastes, training of the digestive tract. A growing organism requires a lot of useful substances that are not contained in sufficient quantities in breast milk.

External signs of the child's readiness:

• Age more than 6 months.
• The appearance of the first teeth.
• The appearance of chewing movements.
• Ability to sit.
• Manifestation of emotions in relation to different food.
• Sufficient development of the digestive system and readiness for the perception of more dense food consistencies.

A premature child requires a smaller portion. They begin to register porridge, then vegetable and fruit mashed potatoes. Each reception begins with additive, and ends with breast milk. So the digestive path is easier to cope with unfamiliar food.

In the event of ailment, manifestations of allergies or infakteriosis of innovations are suspended before improving the condition.

Opelness of the introduction of products

The prematurity dictates its conditions and ways to strengthen the health of children. For example, the diet is significantly different from the usual one.

Features:

• Start better with buckwheat porridge. It is prepared using maternal milk, nutrient mixture or water. After addiction, rice is offered and then corn croup. They give the zinc and iron organism. The croup is grinding in a coffee grinder or sorted through a sieve. After a month and a half add a drop of vegetable oil.

• Vegetable ragners and mashed potatoes are prepared from fresh, ripe local growth fruits. The first vegetable with whom the baby gets acquainted - Zucchini. Then the cauliflower and carrots appear. First prepare mashed potatoes from one ingredient, and then offer mixed recipes.

• After one of the feedings are completely replaced with porridge, and more on vegetables, go to fruit. A gentle puree is introduced with small portions and complement one of the foods. In priority, of course, green apples and pears. They do not cause allergies. Pears can have a fixing effect, so you should carefully observe the chair. Next follow Peaches, prunes and bananas.

• Juices appear in the menu not earlier than eight months. Among the first drinks offer apple, pear nectar. Then the juices are mixed. Each acquaintance begins with 1 teaspoon. With good tolerance, introduce other fruit drinks.

• Meat dishes are trying to treat in 8 months of age. The meat of rabbit and turkey is most well digested. After some time, veal, beef, pork, poultry meat are introduced. Usually, the meat puree mixes with vegetable, either added to the porridge. Optimally bring the daily reception to 3 g per kilogram of weight.

• A closer to 9 months begin to prepare vegetable soups. They are complicated by a cereal, greens and vegetable oil. It is recommended to serve in the daytime so that in the subsequent third feeding has become lunch.

• The diagram of feeding with fermented milk products becomes relevant for premature babies only by 9-10 months. In fourth feeding include a children's skiming kefirchik, liquid yogurt, starting with half a teaspoon. After adapting to a new direction in food, the child is ready for a cottage cheerle. Goat milk is rich in difficult proteins, so it makes no sense to introduce it before one and a half years.

• Egg yolks can be administered after a dairy bacam. It is better to start with quail. By 10 months, the digestive tract digested small portions in the composition of vegetable puree. The maximum daily rate is half the yolk.

• Fish dishes can be entered closer to 11 months. They are allowed 1 time per week and must be served instead of meat. The most well children get used to Sudak and Cod. With them and worth starting. Then Kambala, Tuna, Sair, Heck, Mintai, Salo, are offered. In baked or boiled form, the fish portion is added to the vegetable puree.

Acquaintance with each new product starts with a minimum volume of 5-10 grams. Gradually 1 teaspoon becomes the usual portion. Closer to 12 months of porridge, vegetable puree, kefir are used for 180-200 g. Fruits, meat - for 80-100 g.

Basic Cooking Rules

It is important to stick to a definite sequence of dishes and strictly monitor the size of the portion. The uncontrolled introduction of the attachment of premature children can lead to a stomach disorder and denial of new food.

Simple rules help parents effectively engage in the development of premature babe:

• The first portions should be only a few grams. The portion increases gradually and for a month comes to the recommended daily volume.

• Products are entered separately. Only after addiction within a few days, the following is proposed.

• The best time is the first half of the day.

• Breast maternal milk is the best nutrition, so it is desirable to scam your child as long as possible.

• Purchase exclusively hypoallergenic meal. Nursing mom is obliged to monitor its diet and avoid suspicious ingredients in food.

In addition to self-preparation of new children's dishes, you can take advantage of the finished goods. A large assortment of baby food is offered in almost every grocery store. It is necessary to carefully check the shelf life, and choose the composition in accordance with the age of the infant.

Features of feeding children prone to allergies

The tendency to allergic reactions is not the cause of postponement of the beginning of the dust. Just listen to the recommendations of the doctor and carefully follow the reaction of the children's body. The pediatrician always warns about the possible consequences of the violation of the food regime and recommends gentle diet.

Some feeding rules:

• Attentive observation within a few days after the introduction of a new product.

• A gradual increase in volume. Maintaining a diary.

• During the exacerbation, it is necessary not only to exclude a product containing allergen, but also postpone acquaintance with new ones.

• Fish, yolks are usually excluded from the diet.

When allergic on the cow protein, child organisms require low-column or soy food. Limiting dairy dishes leads to a shortage of trace elements. In addition, beef is excluded. Secure in this case, dishes from turkey meat and lean pork are considered. Instead of fermented milk food, vegetables are prepared on the second dust.

In infancy, allergies are mainly caused by dairy derivatives. Closer to the end of 1 year of life, it can provoke fruits, vegetables, seafood, yolk. Feature is enslaved to identify dangerous products in a timely manner and replace them on equivalent to significance. This is necessary for the full physical and mental development of the child.

Often allergies are a sign of not to the end of the formed organism. Over the years, the metabolism is normalized, and its symptoms disappear completely. It is important to prevent complications, and help the baby to recover after unpleasant sensations.

The premature newborn requires close attention not only in relation to nutrition. Regular inspections, vaccinations, hardening, water and air baths help to grow and gain weight. A healthy lifestyle Mom, a diverse diet of its nutrition, a full rest contribute to the restoration of health and strengthen the nervous system.

After birth, he could leave for some time in the hospital, because he was too small, painful or slowly developed. Perhaps you recommended to make him more eat and gain weight. Most likely, you do it - we are less worried about how the child eats and develops if its body weight increases. But how to help the baby go good enough to gain weight?

With a body weight less than 1500 g: First, parenteral nutrition, however, as soon as the general condition allows the overall beginning of oral power. Exceptions: Circulation instability, severe lung diseases, severe infections.

Principles of feeding premature babies

Since the capacity of the stomach is limited, feed often, small portions.

With good meal tolerance, increase its quantity until the full volume is achieved (about 1/6 body weight).

When jeeping and increasing residual food volumes in the stomach, reduce the amount of food proposed.

Your child has special nutritious needs. During the first weeks of the child's life, continue to remain in touch with the team of doctors. They will give you recommendations on breastfeeding or advise, which dairy mixture is best used. They will also help you evaluate the sucking of the child and will say if it copes with the processes of sucking and swallowing. Ask them to see how you hold the baby during feeding. To eat well, the baby must feel comfortable, and for this it is necessary to be in the right position: head, neck, shoulders and hips make up a straight line, the head sits on the neck right, or slightly thrown back.

Your child will eat. Attempts to make a child to eat are not solving the problem. Children better cope with meals when feeding them allows them to perform their part of the work. A premature little toddler weighing three pounds (1 kg 360 g), which allowed to eat on demand, eats less and grow better than children receiving the calculated amount of dairy mixture by the hour. If you feed your baby in feeding, you will find yourself.

Give your child the opportunity to get comfortable with the nipple as early as possible. Try to ensure that in the hospital you as soon as possible to feed the newborn. It can eat very little or even refuse food at all, but if he takes a nipple in his mouth (even if it won't receive anything from there), then further education for the art of food will go much faster, and in nutritional terms, the baby will go better. In children who received at an early stage at least a tiny amount of food, the digestive system operates much better than children who have not received this food.

Your child will be cautable. Even if you took the baby home, his mouth after the hospital happened to him, is still too sensitive. If the child fed through the tube and experienced the impact of the device for artificial ventilation of the lungs, he cautiously reaches all unfamiliar things falling towards him in the mouth. New nipple, new dairy mixture or new feeding method can scare it. It is very important to work with the child slowly and persistently, using only one nipple and only one milk mixture is only then the baby gets used to treat them without fear.

Your child knows how much he is. Even a tiny child knows how much he needs to eat. However, if in the hospital of your child fed according to the schedule, he does not have the opportunity to feel what hunger is and satiety and what to eat in accordance with these sensations. Now he is at home, and it is very important to teach it to eat on demand. Watch the baby to understand his signals of hunger, satiety, desire to communicate with you or take a break.

Premature children feed non-standard hunger signals. Premature children, as well as sick children whose feedings were violated at the early stage of life, they often cannot clearly demonstrate what they want to eat. Signals of such a child are more lubricated. When he is hungry, he can get tired, annoyed or fall asleep, instead of making chewable movements. Hunger forces him to lose interest in communication with you and so extinguishes that it becomes difficult for you to attract the attention of the baby. His body can become tense or, on the contrary, the child begins to shovel.

First of all, it is necessary to find a connection between the child signals and its hunger. In the end, your baby will begin to realize what is hungry. He will be able to clearly show you what he wants to eat.

Teach the child the correct sleep scheme. Good appetite hand in hand goes with sleep character. Before breeding the baby, wait until he wakes up. When his sleep is deep, it is almost impossible to wake it up. If the child is moving, it may mean that he woke up or is in the active stage of sleep and will soon go back to deep sleep. The kid probably woke up if his heels continue for a long time, and he even begins to capricious. Only in this case, you can help him finally come to yourself and fulfill its part of the diet.

To wake up, the child needs your help. When the baby begins to wake up, take it to the hands, but do not rush to feed until it finally comes to myself. Full wake is called "Time immediately after the state of the ratdies and before the child begins to be nervous. Most of the premature babies are difficult to completely wake up without upset, so your task is to help them in this. Help the baby wake up and focus you can talk about Him. Change my diapers. Apply the child to the face (the distance between your face and the face of the child should be about nine inches (22.5 cm) and give him the opportunity to study you. Imitating the sounds published by him. Ki and the expression of the face, do this slowly And carefully. Already experiment with a voice tone and touching various parts of the child's body; pay attention to the actions that help the baby wake up calm.

Make them slowly, gently. Do not tie and do not shake a child, because it will give him an additional reason to boot and will not help to eat well. You absolutely do not need a child to experience difficulties with focus on nutrition. Give him the opportunity to wake up and feel hunger, only then feed. The child needs time to prepare for feeding. So he learns to understand what is a feeling of hunger and what to do so that this feeling disappeared.

Help your child stay while eating woken up and calm. It will be wonderful if with time your child gets used not to fall asleep while eating. If he falls asleep during feeding, such a dream will not teach him to feel satiety or consciously sleep. Sooner or later you want him to sleep well, and if you take it in a bedside down, but not falling asleep, he will learn how to do it. Taking a child in the arms and brings to her face so that he saw you well, you will help him not fall asleep during feeding. While he eats, talk to him with a soft voice.

Feeding should be smooth and continuous. Try to exclude all distracting factors, do not shake a child and do not force him to jump off (if only he is experiencing an explicit inconvenience). If the child Zakapriznichnie, gently calm him, and then offer to eat again. If he shows that he no longer wants, do not try to feed him forcibly.

Know when to stay. It is very seductive to force a child to eat yet when he has already shown that he no longer wants, but this is not a very good idea. If you want to teach him to pay attention to the feeling of hunger, you should also teach him to pay attention to the feeling of satiety. Otherwise, hungry, the baby becomes accompanied by the fact that the unpleasant emotions and sensations will follow, for example, disrespect for his person, expressed in violent feeding, and discomfort when the stomach overflow.
When the child comes, he will give you about it to know: slow down sucking, turns away from the nipple, relaxed the body or burns lips. His chest search reflex will disappear. Some children, having fun, begin to peck the nose, gradually losing interest in sucking. Others lose interest in sucking sharply.

If the child stopped eat, let him relax and look at you. Talk to him a quiet voice ^ perhaps soon he will feel hunger again. Offer his nipple, but do not insist. With your actions, you just give him the opportunity not to give up.

You must be sure that the child develops. Premature children are very small, and progress in their development is always difficult to see. You need confirmation that your child develops well, but the standard growth-weight curves here will not help. Ask a doctor to make a special growth-weight curve for premature children, where it will be possible to see the E-indicator and how your child is gaining weight.

Do not hurry to abandon the dairy mixture and move on hard food. Taking a decision on the transition to solid food, always follow the fact that your child can do, and not: gem, what age he is. Even if you counted the age of the child, taking into account the term of the intrauterine development, it will not help you determine when you should move on hard food. In order for the child to learn to love this food, you need to slowly and carefully work with him - it refers to new tastes and consistency as wary as it was once treated toward the nipple. Do not hurry. Time will come, and your baby will have a variety of dishes. Continue to give it a dairy mixture until it is laid with solid food. This will happen when the child is fulfilled at least a year, taking into account the term of intrauterine development. If later - nothing terrible: just give him a dairy mixture in a cup so that he gets used to drinking and did not give all the attention of the nipple.

To enjoy premature babies, the main condition is the corresponding nutrition. This is due to the active growth and construction of new tissues.

In the adaptation period, the formation of many organs and systems. Ensuring a small newborn baby is difficult due to the immaturity of the digestive system and the intensity of exchange processes.

Methods of food premature and low-tech children are as follows:

1. enteral nutrition (breast of mothers, feeding from a bottle, one-time catheters, nasogastric and subjective ways);
2. long probe nutrition;
3. parenteral nutrition.

Pronductive feeding

Remember the necrotic enterocolite with:

• food residues in the stomach;
• bloating;
• deterioration of the general condition;
• pale-gray skin;
• frequent episodes of apnea;
• blood-mucule stool.

Protect slowly, since the sudden stomach load can lead to bradycardia and apnea.

Very small premature also apply to the chest ("indentorative sucking"), while you can also conduct sensing.

Enteral nutrition

Indications for enteral nutrition are the ability of a premature child to hold and assimilating women's milk or specialized dairy mixes.

Newborn children with body weight over 2000 g When evaluating the apgar's scale 7 points and above can be applied to the mother's breasts in the 1st day of life with the establishment of 7-8 single feeding mode. During feeding, it is monitored by the appearance of periorel and periorbital skin planning, shortness of breath, which testify to the fatigue of the child and are an indication for the translation of the feeding with a bottle of breeding maternal milk.

For children with a mass of 1500-2000 g, test feeding from the bottle, if the sucking is inactive, then complete or partial probe feeding is carried out.

Deep premature children are fed through the probe. They carry out nasogastric feeding. To do this, use soft, non-injurizing probes. Before feeding, the volume remaining in the stomach of milk or a mixture, which should not exceed 10% of the amount entered.

Jumping a large amount of stomach content is an indication for the urgent administration of nutrients, which represents certain difficulties and is rarely applied.

Power through the probe can be assigned in the form of a portion and long-term nutrition, which provides a certain speed of administration. The syringe and the apron are filled with female milk or nutritious mixture and are connected to the child's probe. There are various removal of prolonged infusion of breast milk and milk mixtures. Their introduction in deeply premature babies is appointed around the clock. After 2-hour infusions, interruptions should be taken. Another scheme provides for a 3-hour administration with a 1-hour break, with a speed of administration in the first day 1.5-3 ml / kg / h, gradually speed to 6-7 months increases to 7-9 ml / kg / h. It provides deeply premature children in serious condition a larger nutrition. Such nutrition can eliminate parenteral nutrition.

So that the premature child received in the period of its formation all the advantages of natural feeding, the milk is recommended to prepare about the reserve. The best way for this is deep freezing.

For freezing milk, special disposable containers are used. The dishes for the storage of milk should be sterile.

For the successful feeding of a premature child while maintaining a sucking reflex, the following rules must be followed.

1. After the birth of the child should be attached to the mother's chest.
2. Apply to the chest as often as possible.
3. Use the feeding time to strengthen emotional communication with the child, you can not be nervous.
4. It is impossible to sharply take a child from the chest, it is better to put a finger between the angle of the child's mouth and the nipple to stop the sucking reflex.
5. After feeding the child should be held on the hands to come out of the stomach.
6. A nursing woman should eat 5 times a day, balanced, with a small dowels between the main meals. The vegetable diet should be 2/3 of the total diet. Every day, food should be foods from cereals, milk. Drinking should be full, with the use of fruit juices.

Parenteral nutrition

Complete parenteral nutrition is prescribed to children with deep prematurity in serious condition, regardless of their historical age, but in these cases the enteral nutrition is still appointed in minimal volumes to maintain the normal functioning of the mucous membranes and intestines, the prevention of atrophy of the mucous membrane. The introduction of breast milk through a nasogastric probe is prescribed after 12-48 hours after the birth of a child in a volume of no more than 10 ml / kg / day. This contributes to the normal functioning of the intestine.

Schemes and methods of feeding premature children may be different, depending on body weight.

With a body weight, less than 1000 g is appointed complete parenteral nutrition and "trophic nutrition", or partial parenteral nutrition and long-term probe infusion.

The mass of the premature child 100-1500 g provides for the appointment of partial parenteral nutrition and long-term probe infusion or long probe infusion.

With a mass of a body 1500-2000 g, a long-term probe infusion can be carried out, or a bidding from the bottle, or breastfeeding only.

With a mass of body 2000-2500, probe and portion nutrition or breast feeding are prescribed.

The volume of daily amount of milk is determined from caloric content or functional capacity of the stomach, in the latter case is used formula:

3rd day of life x body weight in kg,

what corresponds to the amount of milk on one feed under the condition of 6-7-period feeding.

When calculating food, despite the existing formula, the Caloric method should be applied. By the 17th day of life, the child's need increase to 130kkal / day. The use of female milk provides meals to a monthly age up to 140 kcal / kg / day.
Starting from the 2nd month of the life of a premature child with a weight of more than 1500 g, the calorie content of the diet is reduced monthly by 5 kcal / kg. Reducing calorieness in deep premature children is made after 3 months of age.

For a premature child, the quantity and quality of the protein complex of food are important. The average amount of protein should be 2.8-3.1 g / kg / day, as a larger amount of protein can lead to metabolic disorders.

In a premature child, the enzymes of the stomach are activated by the 26th week of historia, and the intestine peptide reaches the activity already at the 20th week.

In food for children, casein content in food products, which can have an undesirable effect in the form of toxic exposure, so for premature children, mixtures with a predominance of whey protein are produced. Soy mixes should not be used in nutrition of premature children, as of them, the absorption of protein, carbohydrates and minerals is difficult.

The daily diet of premature children must contain 5-7 g / kg fat. Pancreatic lipase is not active enough for premature babies, so Lipolysis is difficult. In breast milk there is lipase, which is involved in the process of fats splitting. Mid-chain triglycerides are introduced into the composition of specialized mixtures, which are absorbed without prior splitting.

In addition, lipoletic and linolenic acids are introduced into the composition of specialized mixtures, which compensate for the ripening of the visual analyzer.

Premature children, regardless of the type of feeding, should receive 10-14 g / kg body weight. Due to the reduced activity of lactose, which is 15-30% of its level in a mature newborn, to improve the digestibility of the carbohydrate complex in specialized dairy mixes, part of the lactose is replaced by dextrinmaltosis.

Premature children have a higher need for minerals, salts and vitamins than ordinary children.

The need for calcium is 4.7 mmol / kg, or 188 mg / kg / day, in phosphorus - 4 mmol / kg, or 124 mg / kg / day, in magnesium - from 2 to 6 mt / kg / day.

Neither female milk nor the enriched mixtures can provide sufficient receipt of minerals. Premature children are encouraged to introduce specialized additives or products where these ingredients are enhanced.

To prevent the possible formation of calcifications in the kidneys, it is necessary to monitor calcium release with urine.

In premature babies, very low iron reserves, this is due to the reduced amount of red blood cells in the blood and the emergence of anemia. Breast milk does not ensure the receipt of the required amount of iron into the body of the premature child. Prevention of anemia is to appoint premature children, starting from a 2-week age, iron-containing means - 6 mg / kg / day.

The lack of vitamins in nutrition of children may be the cause of the disease of individual organs and systems of the premature child.

The complex effect of vitamins A, E, C, betaqatsotin determines the powerful oxidant protection and the formation of the body's immune response.

Vitamin D provides calcium exchange, affects muscle function, forming a bone system.

Vitamins of group in participate in all metabolic processes, growth and normal digestion processes.

Taurin takes part in the formation of the visual analyzer and the central nervous system.

Inosit affects the synthesis of vitamins of intestinal microflora.

Carnitine regulates the exchange of glutamic acid, which plays a significant role in the development of brain activity.

Features of breastfeeding premature breast milk

Instructions for translation to breastfeeding

• First let the child drink from one to two times per shift. The bottle is weighed before and after feeding, the feed amount of fluid is measured and written. Due to the overstrain of the child, sometimes test feeding leads to a stop of the growth of body mass or even its loss.
• The first trial breastfeeding is carried out when a sucking reflex appears.
• Premature children are applied to the chest after feeding from the bottle, otherwise children get tired and can not drink from the bottle. With good sucking, it should be breastfeed before feeding from the bottle. Duration and frequency of breastfeeding gradually increase.

Almost all the male children can be fed Mother's milk.

There is a clear difference between the qualitative composition of breast milk in mothers who gave birth in the term and giving birth to male children. The composition of the female milk born ahead of time has a high energy value and contains more protein (1.6 per 100 ml), it has a high concentration of essential amino acids. In such a composition it is better absorbed by a premature child. The premature child who has reached the weight of 1800 g, is already able to suck the chest at the age of over 34 weeks of pregnancy. Malicious children almost do not care, and they have no strength to suck the chest often and for a long time. They need food.

However, due to the increased growth energy, breast milk does not always provide the necessary substances at a high rate of its development. Children with body weight less than 1500-2000 g are lacking in protein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, copper, zinc, vitamins B 2, in 6, C, D, E, C, folic acid, and need to enrich the diet.

Small weight gain or lag in weight set is evidence of the wrong feeding of a premature child.

In order to preserve natural feeding and satisfy the high needs of the premature baby in foodstuffs, it becomes possible to use amplifiers. They are specialized protein-mineral complexes, whose contribution to freshly durable milk makes it possible to eliminate their disadvantage in the diet of prematurely born children. They are usually packaged in bags and added in accordance with the instructions for 50 or 100 ml of freshly durable female milk (pre-salm, etc.).

To enrich milk with vitamins, nursing women are prescribed multivitamin preparations. This method is safer than the use of protein-vitamin supplements, which reduces the ability to overdose.

Artificial feeding of premature babies

Modern technologies help to push children born with a small body weight. The appointment of artificial feeding for a premature child is due to the peculiarities of its digestive tract: a decrease or complete absence of sucking and swallowing reflexes, limited production of pancreatic enzymes, lactose, decrease in fat absorption, low secretion of gastric juice, bile inability to emulsify bile acids.

The increased permeability of the vascular wall is characteristic. These moments should be taken into account in historic periods up to 32 weeks of pregnancy.

From the side of the prematurely birth women, it is impossible to provide a child with maternal milk.

Nutrition of premature children is only specialized mixtures. These mixtures differ from standard mixtures of protein content in 100 ml - 1.9-2.4 g / kg.

Mandatory is the predominance of serum proteins over Kazyin. They are higher than energy value. Carbohydrates are presented, except for lactose, dextrinmaltosis. Increased content of minerals and trace elements. Currently, there is a tendency to reduce protein in specialized products for premature children by improving the protein component, increasing serum proteins and their hydrolysis. The composition of the milk mixtures for premature children is necessarily the amino acids - Taurine and Carnitine. If necessary, the abolition of specialized products is carried out gradually.

Currently, a series of mixtures for feeding premature children are applied. An example may be a mixture of pre-nan, which contains:

1. increased protein level - compliance with the high need of premature children;
2. 70% of serum protein - easy digestibility;
3. 30% fat composition in the form of medium-chain triglycerides;
4. DPNKK (DHA / ARA) is the optimal development of the brain and retina, an increase in the body's resistance to infections;
5. selenium - antioxidant protection.

Another mixture of pre-nutril, which is characterized by the following features:

1. increased protein and fats content;
2. calorie;
3. the ratio "Casein - Serum Protein" - 40: 60;
4. reduced lactose content (50% carbohydrate component);
5. enriched by taurine (5.5 mg / 100 ml);
6. the perfect SA ratio: P \u003d 2: 1;
7. increased iron content;
8. the optimal content of vitamins and trace elements. The introduction of specialized mixtures into the diet of the child is gradually taking into account individual intolerance for 5-7 months.

Artificial feeding by a specialized mixture continues to reach the child weight of 3000-3500. If a child has a small weight gain in weight, the specialized mixture is used in the child's diet in the amount of 1-2 feedings or for dilution of porridge. This is carried out under the control of calorieness calculation and the main food substances in it.

The preservation of the lactation of mother of the child is an integral demand for feeding a premature child. Hipp offers tea for nursing mothers tea, which stimulates breast milk production containing extracts of lactogenic herbs - anise, nettle, fennel, cumin, melissa, etc. Tea positively affects the health of the mother and child.

Each pregnant woman is looking forward to that day when her baby will appear on the light, but sometimes this date comes too early.

In such a situation, the first weeks or months of maternity are somewhat different from ordinary, and therefore it is important to know what can be used when feeding a premature child and how it is at all. In the course of the article, we will find out how important the breastfeeding is important, as well as define a diet for the mother's mother, who was born too early.

Breast milk is the main and optimal food for any infant. For the premature babe it is especially important because it prevents damage to the immature digestive system.

• Your breast milk is specifically designed for your baby, and therefore it has exactly the composition in which the child needs and which he can learn.
• Breast milk is well absorbed, and therefore the infants born too early will receive all nutritious and useful substances with minimal effort, even despite the fact that its digestive system is still not really formed.
• After breast milk learns the child's body, there will be quite a bit of waste from it, this means that the kidney will not have too much load.
• The very first milk, which also has a node of colosure, is incredibly important for the baby. It is useful for the immune system and increases the ability of a premature child to withstand many infections and diseases.
• Milk mothers of premature children is somewhat different from the usual. It has special qualities that provide the optimal growth and development of the kid. Although it is very similar to "full-fledged" milk, but it contains a much larger amount of protein and immunological components, as well as an impressive amount of minerals.
• Even the slightest amount of such milk contains a high concentration of listed components. This means that even if because of premature birth, you have formed quite a bit milk, it will be enough to help the baby grow up.
• Some systems, for example, a nervous system and brain, often in premature children are not formed to the end. In order for them to develop in atypical conditions, it is necessary to proper nutrition of the entire children's body. Such a feeding provides modified early breast milk, which carries a building material for the development of brain tissues.
• If the child appears ahead of time, then there is no microflora in his intestines that would provide normal digestion. Mom's milk forms it and gives protective functions.

If your child was born a much earlier than the planned period, then it would not be possible to feed it immediately. In this case, the main task of the mother is to stimulate and maintain the production of milk, as well as to make it necessary to be proper quality. To do this, it is necessary to observe a strict diet, we will talk about just below.

Stimulation of milk production occurs due to the use of breastsosos, or the so-called "kangaroo leaving". Its essence lies in the fact that the premature babe put mom on the chest (skin to the skin) and leave in this position for several hours, this procedure is repeated daily. What is interesting, it can be carried out even if the pipes are connected to the baby.

A little later, when the child is strengthened and his ability to eat and breathe simultaneously, this technique will allow it to be applied to the chest, and it means that breastfeeding will begin much earlier.

The feedings themselves should be at least 8 pieces per day, this means that the child should applied to the chest every 3 hours.

This does not mean that the baby needs to be limited in nutrition, if he suddenly needs to eat, for example, after 2 hours. The main rule of breastfeeding premature children - the more he eats, the better, because in this way the child fills the lack of nutrient and useful substances.

That is why it is very important to be able to determine when the kid wants to eat. Premature children are less active than those who were born in terms. Typically, such infants are sleeping almost all the time, and wake up just just to eat. Because, make sure that you are always there when your child will have a desire to eat.

When the conversation goes about food by the moms of newborns, which were born exactly in terms of time, then everything is quite simple here - in the first month, a rather strict diet is observed, and then the diet of young moms is significantly expanding. In the situation with the girlfriend a premature child, everything is somewhat more complicated.

Here, the main task of the mother is to make your menu as safe as possible, only in this case the immature digestive system of infants can assimilate the milk and get the necessary nutrient elements from it.

Usually, the development of a diet for such a young mumble requires an individual approach, so the menu for it is compiled by a medical specialist - a pediatrician-neonatologist. It determines how it is better to build nutrition to nursing, and gives its professional recommendations for its regime and product content.

So, the basic nutrition requirements when feeding a premature baby, the following products.

Main dishes

The basis of the entire menu should be the most simple and dietary dishes:

• silent porridge (from gluten-free croup),
• vegetable soups
• dietary meat (turkey, veal, rabbit),
• white low-fat fish
• various meat steam meat
• steam vegetables.

From the diet exclude

• Strong allergens (chocolate, nuts, citrus);
• Fresh vegetables and fruits that have not passed heat treatment, smoked, pickles, sharp products and spices.

Liquids

Liquids need to drink daily about two liters. Conventional water, mineral non-carbonated water, green tea. Milk, coffee, carbonated drinks and juices in your diet should be absent.

As you can see the baby's mother's nutrition, which appeared ahead of time, quite strongly resembles the diet of young mothers in the first month of life of the usual newborn.

However, there is one barn difference here - a list of what can be used when feeding a premature child is not recommended, but mandatory. It is not allowed to experiment and enter products that are not in the list presented. More often than the adjustment and development of a full-fledged diet is assigned to a pediatrician-neonatologist, in this case it is his professional opinion that is the only right.

Breastfeeding \u003d healthy baby!

This statement, of course, does not mean that the feeding of a newborn breast milk guarantees absolute health to your child, but this phrase justifies itself in the sense that it is breast milk - this is the only right and full nutrition for a child at least in the first year of life. Only breast milk has the optimal composition and properties for the full growth and development of a newborn baby. Breastfeeding is recommended to all children (if there are no contraindications).

There is a lot of reasons explaining the need for breastfeeding for any newborn, but attention will be focused on premature and low-tender children.

Enough to call three important properties of breast milkThose who are simultaneously in favor of breastfeeding, so that the mother of the premature child has an understanding of the fact that it actually depends on her, and that it is worth trying to make all their efforts aimed at the formation and maintenance of lactation for breastfeeding breast milk ( Milk mixtures do not have similar properties):

1. Only breast milk contains special antibodies.who will help the child in the formation of his own immunity. Immunity of any newborn baby immediately after birth is quite weak, it is physiologically for newborn children. But in premature babies, immunity is practically absent at all, because The child was born ahead of time, and his immunity had not yet had time to form, to deal with any infection the child's body is practically unable. This is especially true of the male children born much earlier than the term (from 22 to 34 weeks of gestation), in the "late premature" children (from 34 to 37 weeks of gestation) this problem also exists, but is not so acute.

2. Protection (protection) of an immature digestive tract premature baby I. prevention of NEC Development (necrotizing enterocolitis), intestinal sequestment with normal microflora. The stomach and especially the intestine of the premature child is very sensitive, its main function - digestion is performed with great difficulty, so they need protection.

3. Formation and ripening of the central nervous system, first of all brainThe premature child occurs in new and not physiological conditions, unlike the intrauterine development, and only the nutrition of breast milk creates more favorable conditions for better formation and development of the brain.

Diet nursing mom.

Information about the usual diet of the nursing mother of the Funny Child is publicly available, and the main reasons for which a certain diet should be followed are allergic reactions in the child and the need for sufficient content in the milk of vitamins and trace elements. But if the child was born ahead of time, in terms of a diet of a nursing mothers there are significant differences, because the digestive path of the premature child is immature and very sensitive to the composition of breast milk. Whether the intestine of a child will be able to absorb Mamino Milk - it will depend on the composition of milk and from what a diet is adhered to a woman during lactation.

When it comes to premature children, unambiguous recommendations do not exist, the opinions of specialists are diverted. The diet of each mother is individual, it will help to correctly pick up the neonatologist. Therefore, we advise you to start with the following recommendations so that the composition of the milk is optimal and most easily accessible to the assistant to the baby. In the future, a woman can gradually add other products to their diet, which will be approved by the child attending a neonatologist or pediatrician.

Diet nursing mom of a premature child: Abundant drink (1.5-2 l / day). Water, mineral water without gas, fastening tea. Milk in small quantities (added to tea). It is impossible juice, coffee. No condensed milk is recommended. Compote, fermented milk products with caution.
The main diet (preferably boiled / cooked per paired): Soups, cereals, porridge, low-fat varieties of meat (for example, beef), chicken, turkey, rabbit, low-fat fish and seafood, vegetables after heat treatment (for example, potatoes, carrots).
Eliminate sharp, salty, smoked, sour.
Do not use products causing increased gas formation (for example, cabbage, legumes).
With caution nuts, especially walnut.
Exclude honey and chocolate.
Eliminate all fresh vegetables and fruits (an exception can be a banana).
You can use bakery products and ordinary cookies without additives in small quantities, but to exclude fresh pastries.

All permitted products need to be used in moderation, that is, the same product to eat in small quantities and not every day.

Start of lactation (production of milk breasts, and then breast milk).

In the case of premature births (especially if the child was born by the cesarean operation, and not through the natural generic paths) lactation often starts from the first day from the moment of birth of a child, but a little later. In some cases, the lactation may appear only after 4-5 days or even a week after the birth of a child, which is considered permissible in the event of its birth ahead of time. Worry about the lack of milk immediately after the birth of a child is not needed. Additional stress will not benefit you.

For the speedy start of lactation, it is necessary:

- Apply the child to the chest, if it allows his condition;

- In the absence of the possibility of applying a child to the baby, it is necessary to grind milk by hand or with the help of breastsos (manual or electric), starting from the first hours after delivery.

The sooner and the more often the woman carries out the chartping of milk, the faster lactation will be installed.

An important aspect in the success of the formation and maintenance of lactation is the psycho-emotional background of women. Mom is always experiencing for his child, and even more so if her baby was born ahead of time and sick, while often his mother is separate from him. Therefore, a positive attitude, the maximum orientation for breastfeeding, minimizing negative emotions, tears and experiences - key points in the success of lactation. Otherwise, even if the lactation has already been established, after some time the milk may begin to be generated less, and ultimately everything can end with the cessation of lactation. Mother's stress is the main factor leading to hypo-and agalactia (Insufficient quantity or complete absence of breast milk) Mom has a premature babe. Therefore, you should be patient (because the child's nation sometimes takes more than one month!), Tune in positive, not to lower your hands when there are difficulties and try to experience positive emotions (for example, during communication with the child).

To improve lactation at the discretion of a neonatologist's doctor, the use of biologically active additives (BAA) is permissible, in particular, special lactation tea or other means for increasing lactation can be recommended. Efficiency from data database different. However, first of all it is recommended yet lactation stimulation by plugging breast milk, as well as a kangaroo methodwhich in most cases helps in becoming and maintaining sufficient milk generation. The essence of this method is to jointly stay a mother and a child with direct contact of the skin to the skin (the child is placed on the chest to the mother), and more mature children are invited to take the chest.

For a malicious child, Mother Milk may be vital, so do not underestimate the properties of breast milk. It is always necessary to strive for breastfeeding, because such food significantly increases the chances of survival and recovery of premature babies.

Mode and diet nursing mother.

Freshing premature babies.

Minsk 1997.

Mode and diet nursing mother

For a fairly full-fledged lactation, proper nutrition is important during pregnancy, which makes it possible to ensure the most optimal process of formation and growth of the fetus, as well as to prepare a woman's body for future lactation.

The daily diet of a pregnant and nursing breasts of a woman must contain 100-130 g of protein, about 100 g of fat, 400-500 g of carbohydrates, the required amount of mineral salts, especially calcium, phosphorus, as well as vitamins. Consignment of a nursing woman's liquid will be up to 2 l per day Supported diuresis indicate an adequate content of fluid in a diet.

Incorrect is the opinion of the lactogenic action of such products, like milk, beer, oatmeal and tea.

The full nutrition of a nursing mother can be provided with daily eating in food 180-200 g of meat, 50 g of oil, 1 eggs, 800 g of vegetables and fruits, no more than 500 g of bread. It is especially important to include fruits, vegetables, fresh greens, berries, vegetable and fruit juices and observe the power mode during the day.

Excessive consumption of a nursing mother of milk or dairy products (more than 0.5 liters per day) can cause a child sensitization to a protein of cow's milk!

Rational full-fledged nutrition must be combined with the correct mode, which largely warns hypoglactic. The nursing mother should be in a relaxing atmosphere, sufficiently rest, perform a moderate physical work, walking out in the fresh air and sleep at least 8-9 hours per day. Completely unacceptable smoking and drinking alcohol. Some drugs, such as arsenic, barbiturates, bromides, iodides, copper, mercury, salicylates, opium, atropine, a number of antimicrobial means (sulfonamides, levomycenetin, metronidazole), anti-random drugs, antitumor agents, isonicotine hydrazides can be transmitted to milk and affect The body of the child. Therefore, a nursing mother, if possible, should not take medicines.

However, hygigalactium is often developing in women who are in normal conditions. The hypoglactic is primary and secondary. Primary hypogalactium typically arises against the background of the general infantality of the mother and is poorly treatable. In such cases, it is necessary to assign a child to the child in a timely manner.

Women, especially primordial, are often upset from the assumption that they have little colostrum or milk, due to the increased sensitivity of the nipples or the feeling of overcrowding of the chest glands on the 4-5th day after delivery.

Sensitivity of nipples is one of the problems in the first period of breastfeeding. The main cause of soreness and cracks of the nipples is the wrong sucking due to the wrong position of the child in the chest. When feeding, it is necessary to change the position of the child to change the power of the sucking pressure on different parts of the nipple.

Another reason is insufficient sucking, as a result of which a hungry child sucks more zealously and may not be wrong. In this case, it is not necessary to limit the duration of feeding. It is better to feed the baby more often, thereby preventing both excessively intense sucking and stagnation of milk in the chest.

To avoid the appearance of cracks and soreness of the nipples, a nursing mother must care for the breast:

1. Avoid unnecessary washing glands, especially with soap, as it removes the natural lubricant that protects the skin of the nipples.

2. Do not use creams and aerosols, a solution of boric acid, as they can cause the development of allergic dermatitis.

3. After feeding, leave a few drops of milk on the nipple so that they dry in the air.

4. Keep your nipples outdoors as much as you can, at least at night.

5. Nipples should always be dry.

If the child sucks right and in the right position, and the nipples remain sensitive, other explanations should be sought.

It is possible that the child has thrush, then the mother can infect the nipples, their pain will appear. In this case, you need to treat your mother and child. Psychosomatic sacrament of nipples may occur, especially at primible women, if the mother experiences anxiety and insecurity in the ability to feed the child with breasts.

Mother may feel embarrassed if she has to feed the child in the open chamber or in the presence of other persons. The alarming mood of a woman may be due to the fact that it is worried about what happens in her absence of the house, what happens when she returns home. Attentive doctor must identify these experiences in a timely manner (especially if this is a primary woman) and tactful explanations to help avoid them or minimize.

To combat secondary hypoglactics, in addition to normalizing the mode and nutrition, the irradiation of the mammary glands of a mercarly quartz lamp, UHF, ultrasound stimulation, vitamins A, E, nicotinic and glutamy acid, apilac, hydrolyzate are necessary, hydrolyzate dry beer yeast.

Contraindications for feeding a child with maternal milk can be the causes associated with the health of children and mothers.

Absolute contraindications to breastfeeding are:

- Septic states

- active form of tuberculosis

- Tiff and malaria

- Malignant neoplasms, leukemia

- diseases of the kidneys, accompanied by renal failure with azotemia

- congenital metabolic disorders in a child (Galaktozhemia, phenylketonuria, the disease "maple syrup")

- postpartum psychosis, heavy forms of neurosis

- Reception Mother during the lactation of drugs with toxic effects on the newborn.

Relative contraindications for breastfeeding are:

- heart disease with blood circulation failure

- pronounced forms of hyperthyroidism

- chronic power failure

- purulent mastitis.

Freshing premature children

The organization of food premature children is a complex and responsible task, many questions of which remain controversial and completely unresolved. Premature children are very sensitive to a lack of food, which is due to the extremely limited stocks of protein, fat and energy. The ratio of the surface and mass of the body in the premature baby is very high, it also defines a higher need for foods and energy, although the ability to digest, suction and the exchange of food substances is limited.

It should be borne in mind that, even with the same mass of the body and the degree of physiological immaturity, premature children can differ significantly in their condition, adaptation capabilities and ability to absorb food substances. Depending on the gestational age, the body weight of the child, external temperature conditions, the need for energy is from 110 to 150 kcal / kg (somewhat less than in the 1st week of life - 50-100 kcal / kg).

The need for protein in premature babies is relatively high. However, with an increased administration of it with food, a toxic effect may develop, which is due to the immaturity of metabolic processes. Therefore, the amount of protein in the 1st month, according to most authors, should be 2.5-3 g / kg of body weight, for children older than 1 month - 3-3.5 g / kg. The need for fats in prematurers is almost the same as in the docking: in the first half of the year - 6.5-7 g / kg and 6.5-5.5 g / kg - in the second half of the year, although their utilization, in particular saturated fats , limited. Due to the mixture of vegetable and animal fat, 40-50% of the calorie need of the body should be provided. The amount of carbohydrates required prematurely - 12-14 g / kg of body weight, that is, approximately the same as the docking. In premature children, the need for calcium, phosphorus due to the active mineralization of the skeleton, they sooner (already from the 2nd month of life) develops a lack of iron. Due to the large metabolic tension, such children require an increased amount of vitamins. In the recommendations of the American Pediatric Association (1985) the magnitude of the demand of the premature child (with a mass of body 800-1200g.) In the energy of 130 kcal / kg of mass per day, in proteins - 4 g / kg of mass and in mineral substances, respectively: sodium - 80 mg / kg, potassium -97 mg / kg, phosphorus - 140 mg / kg, calcium - 280mg / kg, magnesium - 10mg / kg body weight.

In deep children (1500g and less) there may be no suction and swallowing reflexes. In such cases, the child in the first 1-2 weeks is fed through the probe using the appropriate probe connected to a 10- or 20-gram syringe. At the same time, the probe is administered through the nose to a depth of 10-13 cm. When the baby's sucking reflex appears, it is applied to the chest, and with an active sucking - the baby is fed only with breasts. Since sucking the chest requires a prematurest child of large energy costs, some authors recommend before and after feeding to make a child for 3-5 minutes inhalation of moisturized oxygen.

Usually premature babies feed 7-8, and deeply to 10 times a day. As the body weight is raised, the number of feedings are reduced to 6. Calorie food should be in the first 3 days 40-60 kcal, to the 7-8th day - 70-80 kcal, 10-14-MU - 100-120 kcal, and in Sex age - 135-140 kcal / kg body weight. From a 2-monthly age, the calculation of calorie content is carried out taking into account body weight at birth. So, children born with a mass of more than 1500 g, caloric content decreases to 130-135 kcal / kg body weight. In children born with a mass of 1000-1300g, up to 3 months of age, the caloric content of food should be 140 kkal / kg of body weight, and at 4-5 months - 130 kcal / kg.

The daily amount of food for a premature child in the first 10 days can be calculated according to the formula of rommel, according to which so much milk is prescribed for every 100 g of body weight, plus 10. For example, on the 3rd day, a child with a mass of 1500g daily milk. \u003d (3 + 10) x 15 \u003d 195 ml.

Recently, great attention is paid to the issues of feeding deeply (low-handed - about 1000g) children who have a slightly different need for food substances. Thus, the need for energy is 140 kcal / kg per day due to highly disheveled sources, protein 2.5 - 4G / kg per day with the ratio of serum proteins to the casein, close to this in female milk, water - 150 - 200 ml / kg in day. Fats should provide 40% of the daily energy value of the diet, carbohydrates - up to 55%.

With artificial feeding, the amount of protein for premature is 3.5 - 4 g / kg body weight.

Proteins in the diet of premature children are usually calculated on due weight.

Of the adapted mixtures for feeding premature babies, mixtures "Baby", "Alesya-1" (Belarus), Novolak-Mm (Russia), "Preventi" (Finland), "Natal" (Holland), "SMAP PREMI" (USA ), Prematalk (England), "Vitalact" and "Ladushka" (Ukraine) and others. Good use for feeding premature children Acidophilic variants of these mixtures, mixtures and milk enriched with special biological active additives:

1. BAD-1 - with the addition of bifidumbacterial

2. BAD-1-L - with the addition of lysozyme

3. Bad-2 - with lysozyme and bifidumbacterin

4. Bad IG - with specific anti-staococcal immunoglobulin.

Between feeding and during the night interruption of a premature child in small portions is given fluid. The need for it is 200 - 250 ml / kg of body weight (more than 80% due to milk or mixture). Usually, in addition to the milk, a mixture of physiological solution and a 5% glucose solution in a 1: 1 ratio are given.

From monthly age, vegetable decoction is recommended. In nutrition of premature children, it is important to provide early introduction of juices and feeding to meet their increased need for vitamins and mineral salts. Juices begin to give children from 3-4 weeks of life in gradually increasing dosage, as well as daddy children, after eating. A set of juices can be the same as in the docking children. From 2 months of age, a premature child should receive a fruit puree since 1/2 teaspoon to 50g - in the first half of the year and up to 100g - by the end of the year. Egg yolk, like docking children, is given from 3 months of age. The first lure in the form of a vegetable puree is beginning to give from 4 months.

In order to prevent anemia, a number of authors from 4-5 months of age recommends premature babies with puree from meat and liver. In 5 months, it is started to give a second lure in the form of a dairy porridge, from 7-8 months, the third bait is introduced - fermented milk products (biologic, kefir, acidophilic milk, etc.).

To achieve the right development of a premature child, it is necessary to regularly control the rise of body weight and timely carry out the correction of nutrition. Calculation of the power should be carried out at least once a month, and with a bad increase in the mass - weekly.

mother is a fruit. Microfollins are prescribed up to 10 weeks;

cash - up to 16 Ned patients with uterine, the use of microfollin estro-

genes) contraindicated.

tying a foot end of beds, sedatives (trioxazine 0.3 g

2-3 times a day, tastes of 0.01 g 2 times a day, Seduksen at 0.005 g

1-2 times a day); antispasmodic agents, tocolic therapy with

22-24 weeks (parossiystene or briquanyl 0.5 mg, or riteodrine in 1 mg

in / in droplets but in 400-500 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution

combination with intake of tablet forms of these drugs

low in a dose of 5 and 10 mg 4-5 times a day); non-drug and phi

ziotherapeutic methods. From 24-26 weeks to reduce the pressure presets

fruit part of the fetus on the extractic part of the uterus in the vagina

ring Golgi for a period of up to 35 weeks (sterilization and change of ring

every 7-10 days), carry out the prevention of placental

capacity.

With hyperandrode of adrenal genesis, in addition to the traditional

therapies, conduct treatment with glucocorticoid hormones (dexamethasone,

prednisolone), usually patients get these drugs to pregnancy.

The dose of the hormone is selected individually depending on the excretion of 17-ks.

Source dose of dexamethasone in

depending on level 17-ks

Source level source dose

17-COP, mg / day dexamethasone. mg.

Up to 15 0.125 1/4 tablets)

15-20 0.25 (1/2 tablets)

20-25 0.375 3/4 tablets)

Over 25 0.5 (1 tablet)

In the case of increased excretion of 17-CC when conducting two or more

analyzes Even in the absence of symptoms of pregnancy abortion

- it is advisable to assign dexamethasone at 0.5-0.375 mg 3/4 tablets,

with a gradual decline in dose to 0.125 mg of achievement of adequate hill

nation correction of hyperandrode during pregnancy is

holding 17, COP, not exceeding in 1 trimester 10 mg / day, at 11 -12

mg / day, in 111_ 13.5 mg / day, which corresponds to the indicators 17, COP

physiologically flowing pregnancy.

In the early periods of pregnancy according to the indications, a combined mountain

monotherapy: dexamethasone (prednisone). Microfollins and progesterone

(Turinal). However, estrogenic drugs must be applied

large doses in women with expressed meagic hypofunction. Restricted

the use of progesterone type drugs is due to the presence of

a number of patients with this pathology of hyperprogestronemia.

At 11 trimester of pregnancy every third woman with adrenal

niko Hyperandrogeny develops Eastic-cervical diseases

(ICN) due to the underdevelopment of internal genital organs in

the result of preceding hyperandrode. This circumstance is dick

the need for dynamic control over the state of the cervix in

this period of pregnancy. When the NCN is detected, its surgical

correction of the donkey pre-bacteriological research or

correction with the Holly Ring.

At 16, 20 and 28 weeks pregnancy need careful control over

the excretion of ketosteroids (in connection with the beginning of these hormone products

adrenal glands and pituitary fruit). In this period of pregnancy can

there is a need to increase the dose of glucocorticoids.

In women with adrenegenital syndrome

iOM treatment is limited to childbirth. With erased forms of syndrome identifiable

go during pregnancy, hormone treatment is terminated for pregnancy

32 33 weeks to avoid the oppression of the function of the fetal adrenal glands.

Treatment of Eastic and Cervical Insufficiency lies in operative

nVU-SUSHROY CHAIRED Channel (overlay circular seam on the cervix

according to the method of loved one) or the sewing of the outer point (the method of scend

different lavasan seams, etc.).

The treatment of the excavation in the go, incomplete and complete abortion consists in

the fetal egg or its residues and blood clots.

Pregnancy prevention of pregnancy includes a system of

riyas held by a female consultation doctor, obstetric and gyneco-

logical hospital. Preventive measures are carried out and

pregnancy time. All women after spontaneous abortion and

girls are taken to the dispensary observation, which includes special

social examination (purposeful analysis of the history, clarification of

menstrual functional functional diagnostic tests

hysterosalpingography, ultrasound scanning, according to readings

bacteriological, virological, immunological and genetic

research) and treatment of identified deviations.

In time of pregnancy allocate a risk group for non-obscure,

the timing and methods of medical and preventive measures

gov infection, employment, creating optimal conditions for the development

tia of pregnancy). All pregnant women with spontaneous miscarriages in

history is hospitalized for examination and treatment before the manifestation of

nicetic signs of the threat of interrupt (2 weeks before the timing of the preceding

miscarriages); treatment provides for bed regime, welcoming

molate preparations, non-drug treatment methods (physical

psycho-, reflexotherapy). Hormonal preparations with prophylactic

the purpose is not to appoint. Carry out measures for the prevention of fa-

top soccer failure.

Transferred pregnancy

Distinguish true (biological) migration of pregnancy and

imaginary (chronological), or prolonged pregnancy, truly

transferred pregnancy lasts more than 10-14 days after expected

mY DIRIPTION OF REDOVERS (290-294 days). The child is born with signs of

reality, and his life is in danger. Usually in these cases

there are changes from the placenta (Petrificates, fat concessions

etc.).

Prolonged pregnancy lasts more than 294 days and

the birth of a docking, functionally mature child without

signs of overripe and danger to his life. The frequency of the migration

it is 1.4-14%, an average of 8%.

Ensuring pregnancy means untimely (late)

the emergence of generic activities, when it is developed, often observed

disorders of the contractile activity of the uterus, which leads to an increase in the number

la operational interventions, to the intrauterine suffering of the fetus and

perinatal mortality.

When prolonged pregnancy is more correct to call

timely and with true rejunction - late genus

rerash fruit.

Etiology and pathogenesis. Transferred pregnancy is more correct

view as a pathological phenomenon due to certain

reasons depending on the condition of the body as mothers and the fetus.

Premanent background for reinforcement of pregnancy can appear

previously transferred children's infectious diseases (Scartin, steam-

tit, rubella, etc.), playing a significant role in the formation of rep-

furnuctive system of women, as well as extragnenitial diseases.

Infantilism, transferred pregnancy

abortions, inflammatory diseases of the internal organs. which call

changes in the neuromuscular apparatus of the uterus and lead to endocrine

violations. The famous role in the migration of pregnancy is played by

doctrine diseases, fat metabolic disorders, mental injuries,

toxicosis of the second half of pregnancy. Property (especially

elderly) tooling is more common than repeatedly. It has

meaning and hereditary factor.

The main pathogenetic moments leading to the migration

pregnancy, are functional shifts in the central nervous

system, vegetative and endocrine disorders. A big role belonging

lives violation of the development of estrogen, Gestagennes. corticosteroids,

sitzin, some tissue hormones (acetylcholine, catecholamines,

rotonin, Kinina, Histamine, Prostaglandins), Enzymes, Mextons and

vitamins. The state of the placenta and the

Violations in the fetoplacentage system are one of the reasons

late generic activity and its anomalies. Frozen

revealed, its need for oxygen increases, decreases

central nervous system to oxygen deficiency,

At the same time, there are deep changes in the placenta (degeneration,

calcification, dissociation of its maturation).

When rejunction of pregnancy, the need for oxygen from the fetus

increases, and resistance to hypoxia decreases, arising from the place

those changes make it difficult to deliver the fetus of the required amount of acid

genus and other necessary substances. This is how a vicious circle of pathological is created.

high processes characteristic of transferred pregnancy.

The clinical picture of the transferred pregnancy is expressed in Neyarko,

diagnostics causes difficulties. With true tooling pregnant

more than 41 weeks are often observed; lack of body weight

a pregnant or her decrease of more than 1 kg; Reducing the circle

5-10 cm belly, which is usually due to a decrease in the amount of

burdow waters, reducing the leather turgor; less often falling body weight,

lovely secondary hypotrophy of the transferred fetus; Major and Zele-

staining of spindle water, no pain in

lyiya lying on or pressing on the uterus (Dolf sign). more

soft standing bottom of the uterus; Milk isolation, not colostrum, strengthening or

the weakening of the movements of the fetus, which indicates the hypoxia of the fetus due to

disorders of the uterine-placental blood circulation; Frequency change.

rhythm and timbre of the cordial tones of the fetus; immaturity or insufficient

cervical matter matter; Large fruit size. increasing the density of space

take skulls, narrow of seams and spring.

The flow of labor under the transferred pregnancy is characterized by many

numerical complications; premature or early influence

waters, native anomalies, protracted births, hypoxy

fetus and generic injury.

As a rule, intrauterine hypoxia of the fetus when expulsing the manifestation

it races with the beginning of a generic activity or after premature

oxyment of spindle water, which is associated with the deterioration of the uterine-placental

blood circulation due to functional morphological changes in

placet. Hypoxia contribute to the reduced function of the adrenal glands

yes, sensitivity to oxygen deficiency during childbirth

due to the increased maturity of the central nervous system, lowering

the ability of the head to the configuration, the significant size of the fetus. hour-

violations of the contractile activity of the uterus; excitation or

mulation of generic activity, frequent operational interventions. in

time of childbirth.

The diagnosis of transferred pregnancy is usually put on the ground

history and data obtained during clinical, laboratory and instruments

mental research methods. It should be estimated to evaluate the general condition of Bere-

variable, the course of this pregnancy (toxicosis), set the term

the appearance of menarche, features of the menstrual cycle, the presence of infanti

lizma, endocrine diseases transferred inflammatory diseases

genital organs, abortion, abortion in history

An additional research method is amnioscopy. which

spend starting from the 6th day after the alleged date of birth through

every 2 days); It allows you to promptly detect typical for

renasciation of changes: reducing the number of accumulating waters and animals

their staining them; a small amount or lack of cereal

visible lubrication, with the background and the fetus of the fetus, the mono-

rhythm tension, increase in the voltage of the ventricular complex, splitting

teeth R on the top. Increase the duration of the PQ complex of the fetus,

the unevenness of the amplitude of the tones on the FKG, the absence or perversion

reactions of the heart activity of the fetus for breathing samples.

Ultrasound examination is characterized by a decrease in the number

ferrous waters or lowland, reducing the thickness of the placenta and 111

the stump of its maturity, the pathological change in the structure of the placenta in the form

calundose, more pronounced contours of the bone of the fetus head.

Violations in the system of the placenta - the fruit find their expression in

changes in the level of estrogenic hormones and progesterone in the urine and blood

belt. To determine the function of the placenta and the state of the fetus when

the daily urine of pregnant, the estriot content is slightly lower than when

prolonged and docking pregnancy).

The results of cytology are evidence of the migration of pregnancy.

the study of the vaginal smear: it is found in it

the number of both surface and parabazl cells,

lumpy, leukocytes. In the presence of erosions, colpitis diagnostic prices

the appearance of parabazl cells is reduced.

Of great importance in the migration of pregnancy has determined

Biochemical study of amniotic fluid obtained when

power of amniocente, can also give valuable information about the state of the fetus

(ferrous water greenish or intensively green with knowledge

in centrifugation, with high optical density

Detection in immunochemical study of blood trophobes

clear globulin confirms placental insufficiency when

nature.

Finally, the diagnosis of true munitions post after delivery

when examining the child's child. For children are characteristic of the signs of

; they are larger, bones of the skull dense, seams and springs are narrow,

the amount of raw-like lubricant is sharply reduced or it is absent,

riveted flabbiness, drying, maceration and desquamation of skin_ change

its color is green, yellow), the increased density of the cartilage

cove and nose, longer nails.

During the examination of the placenta, petrificates are detected, fatty

birth, green shell, "skinny" umbilical umbilical

Each kid, born on time, has the same features and needs, but individual problems are pretentious children. Before understanding the technique and the peculiarities of feeding such children, it is important to understand the cause of premature birth, as well as take into account the degree of prematurity.

By the decision of the issue of feeding the doctor, as some kids need food in resuscitation. Mother's milk is of particular importance for premature children, as it contains all the necessary vitamins and nutritional components.

Children, born before the laid time, are not subject to applying to the chest after birth, as it happens with domestic kids. After the baby passes the preliminary inspection, it is placed in a cuevez, where it will be in favorable conditions. If in the near future the condition of the newborn will be stable, then doctors make the first attempts to apply to the mother's breast.

Depending on the general state of the newborn, the infants can capture the maternal nipple or simply touch it with her lips. To improve orientation, it is recommended to see 2-3 drops of a pole in the mouth of the baby.

After the birth of a child, a young mother is given recommendations on the natural feeding of a premature baby. A weakened kid is not able to stimulate the production of breast milk, so the young mother needs to carry out independent plotting, which allows you to establish lactation.

If a newborn baby is in the intensive care unit, then the first time he will be closed access to the mother breast. Throughout this time, mom needs to constrain both lactures so that if necessary, she could provide his child with food.

In the body of premature babies there are features. Due to these features, such kids cannot receive maternal milk in the supplement. These features include:

1. The underdevelopment of the sucking reflex. In premature children there is a decrease in sucking reflex, which makes it difficult to breastfeeding. A common mistake is to use bottles for feeding such children, because the child is accustomed to the nipple, the baby ceases to perceive the mother's chest. An alternative bottle is a teaspoon, a medical syringe without a needle, as well as feeding according to the method of finger. The essence of this method is that the kid sucks the mother's finger, but at the same time the mother serves breast milk through a medical syringe without a needle. This technique stimulates the ripening of a sucking reflex in a newborn baby. The only nuance of the technique is that the premature babe must be near mom.
2. A small volume of the stomach in the newborn. Born ahead of time children have a small volume of the stomach, so they are not able to eat the age norm of breast milk. The optimal frequency of feeding such children is every 2-3 hours. Feeding such children on demand is unacceptable.

It is important to take into account that in women who gave birth to the deadline, the lactation comes with a delay. One milk of such women differs in chemical composition. The colostrum of women who born ahead of time, contains a double portion of protein, vitamins and other nutrients. In addition to nutrient components, in milk such mothers there are many antibodies that protect the body of a premature child from causative agents of infectious diseases.

In the absence of contraindications, maternal milk is the best food for the premature infants. If the baby is not able to suck the maternal breast, then the food is fed to it in the video. Feeding with artificial milk mixtures is used as a last resort.

If the baby and mom are in the same chamber, then the woman is recommended to organize the contact "skin to the skin", as this will ensure the constancy of the toddler body temperature. Breastfall becomes calm, he improves sleep and appetite.

The specificity of the breastfeeding of such children is that the more often the child is in close contact with the mother, the faster it is applied to the chest.

Feeding premature babies takes from 30 to 60 minutes. Such children eat with interruptions, as they get tired quickly. It is strictly forbidden to make the baby to the chest forcibly. This will cause reverse reaction and failure.

If the child gets a released milk, then feed it is recommended through a cup or teaspoon. If for one feeding kid ate less than the norm, then the subsequent feed is recommended to give a little more milk.

In the event that the baby is poorly gaining weight, the doctors recommend the discounts of the child through the probe.

For applying to the breast, it is important to choose a convenient posture. For premature babies, this is the pose "from under the armpit". In this posture, mom has the opportunity to fix the shoulders and the head of the child. In order to avoid a swallowing of the air, the nursing mother should deviate slightly back so that the child's head fits tightly to the mother's chest. This position reduces the head of milk, alleviating the act of sucking.

The insufficient development of the oral cavity in premature babies makes it difficult to keep the maternal nipple when feeding. To help your child, a nursing woman is recommended to put a thumb on one brush of a child, index to another, and middle fingers need to hold the chin of a baby.

Milk plugging is an integral part of breastfeeding premature babies. It is recommended to start this procedure as early as possible, since a woman needs to stimulate lactation.

Both dairy glands are frozen every 2-3 hours. At night, you can pay the time to sleep and continue stirring after awakening. When a woman is full of power, she has fewer problems with lactation. It is important not to skip the dimming in the interval between 4 and 7 o'clock in the morning. At this time, in the feminine body, the production of hormone-prolactin, which is responsible for the synthesis of milk.

For pressure, it is recommended to purchase breastsos (preferably two-phase). The principle of operation of this device is to stimulate the mammary glands, followed by their emptying. An alternative to breastsos is a manual plumbing, however, it is necessary to own it technique. It is necessary to draw off with clean hands into sterile dishes. Before manipulating, it is recommended to wash the dairy glands with warm water and wipe dry.

The optimal option is automatic two-phase milk pumps. You can purchase this product in the pharmacy point or in stores for future and young mothers.

The first 3-4 weeks after the birth of the child, it is recommended to complain from 6 to 8 times a day. This will stimulate the increased production of breast milk. The first time of milk will be little, but it should not frighten a nursing woman. The pressure session duration is at least 15-20 minutes.

After the young mother be able to decline 30-35 ml of milk at a time, it appears the possibility of independent selection of chanting time.

Only with full emptying the female organism receives a signal to increase the volume of breast milk generated.

If a nursing mother does not have the ability to feed the premature babies immediately after complaining, it needs to take care of the safety of the product. There are such storage rules:

• Enchant milk must be cooled or freeze. Freezing is carried out during the first day after complaining.
• Milk is not stored in one refrigerator with medicines and food.
• Capacity for the storage of milk should be made of glass.
• After induction, the container with the product is closed with a lid and the mother's surname, date and time of pressure is put on it.
• Capacity with milk is not filled completely.
• It is strictly forbidden to re-frost milk.

On other features of the storage of Enclosed Milk, read the article on the link

When mastering the techniques and the rules of breastfeeding premature children, every young mother has the ability to fill her baby with maximum benefit.

Each pregnant woman knows that "an interesting position" lasts for 9 months. The deadline for the appearance of a small miracle is considered to be the period from 37th to 42nd week. However, not all kids are born at that time. For some reason, childbirth may occur before.

If the baby appears on the period of less than 37 full weeks, then it will be considered premature. Such a baby requires close attention to himself, because in the process of its clutching, various problems may arise (for example, diseases of the premature diseases may be detected).

Parents of a premature babe, seeing him for the first time, feel incomprehensible feelings, because he is not like those kids who are depicted in the pictures: it is not chubby, pink and smooth.

Premature children are inherent in certain features:

• small sizes and disproportionate physique;
• little weight;
• adamina (lethargy, muscular weakness, weak cry);
• fastenness of cranial bones;
• softness of abnormal shells;
• soft fur cover on shoulders and back;
• the gaping of the germ in the kids;
• the presence of empty scrotum in boys;
• violation of vision in premature babies;
• weak nail development.

All these features are inherent in kids in the 1st months of life. As they grow and developed, they disappear.

Development of a premature child by month

Parents at the birth of a kid earlier than the laid term begins to excite the issue concerning how premature children develop. So, the kid in 1st month Life is subject to various infectious diseases whose flow may be accompanied by serious complications. That is why parents should protect their child. For the first month after the appearance of the baby, the kid is gaining very little in weight. With normal development, a sucking-swallowing reflex appears. In its absence, feeding is carried out using the probe. With poor respiratory reflex development requires an artificial oxygen supply.

On the 2nd month Kroch begins to gain weight. This is a sign of good development. When breastfeeding, premature children are very tired. Requires to register with a reclite's milk with a spoon.

On the 3 month Weight increases 1.5 times. The baby sleeps more, so parents should take care of the climate in the children's room and about changing the position of his body during sleep and wakefulness.

A child whose age is 4 months, already begins to try to raise the head and hold it, issue sounds, fix a look, and on 5th month Already smiles, trying to grab the toys with handles.

W. 6-month Kids increase weight 2-2.5 times. They are already turning their heads, playing with toys, react to various sounds, distinguish relatives from other people's people. At this age, premature children in development are already catching up with their peers.

On the 7th month The child can independently roll over to the back of the tummy. He is already actively playing.

IN 8-month the age of crumb is easily turned over, makes the first attempts to crawl, and in 9 months Maybe to get up on the legs, while holding the barrier, actively plays with toys, independently takes the slices of food.

Kids B. 10-11 months become even more active. They utter different sounds, react to their name, crawl.

The year old premature children catch up in the development of peers that appeared on the basis of the deadline. They are already starting to pronounce syllables. Parents should not yet teach them to walking, because kids must develop gradually.

Feeding premature children in the first days of life

The nutrition of the kids born before the deadline is a rather complicated problem. When feeding, certain difficulties arise caused by the following reasons:

• absence or decrease in sucking and swallowing reflexes;
• a small volume of the stomach;
• understated speed of the evacuation of gastric content;
• reduced intestinal peristalsis;
• reduced activity of the gastrointestinal tract;
• limited nutrient reserves.

Thus, a premature child has a limited ability to obtain nutrients and their assimilation, although his body needs very much.

The feeding method is chosen by a specialist depending on the mass of the body, the severity of the state, gestational age.

Newborn children with weight of more than 2000 in the first hours of life can be attached to the mother's breast. Mama should be observed for the state of their child when feeding. The emergence of signs of fatigue (shortness of shortness, periorubital cyanosis) indicates the need to apply to the chest for a smaller time and recovery with encoded milk.

The baby whose mass is 1500-2000 g, after a certain period of time after birth, test feeding with breast milk from the bottle. If he sucks with unsatisfactory activity, the doctor prescribes probe feeding.

Deep premature babies with a body weight less than 1500 g are fed through the probe. Power can be carried out thanks to the long-term infusion method or portion.

With prolonged probes, syringe infusion pumps are used. Doctors are feeding premature bare milk or dairy mixture according to a specific scheme. For example, one of the following methods can be selected:

• round-the-clock introduction without interruptions with constant speed;
• infusion lasting for 3 hours with interruptions of at least 1 hour;
• infusion for 2 hours with interruptions of the same duration.

The doctor can designate glucose solutions at night.

With portion nutrition, it is recommended to feed the crumb 7-10 times. Since the volume of the stomach is very small, the body receives an insufficient amount of nutrients. In this regard, the doctors carry out additionally parenteral administration of nutrients.

Premature children in rare cases may be assigned artificial feeding. An indication of this may be the absence of milk in the mother or the presence of a child of its intolerance.

Drawing for premature babies

Support for kids born ahead of time is not recommended to introduce earlier 6 months. This is explained by the immaturity of the digestive system, metabolic processes. When to introduce lures for premature babies, you can calculate yourself.

For example, if newborns appeared a month earlier, then the diet of the new food should not be completed at 6, and at 7 months (that is, it is necessary to add 1 month to age when it is recommended to introduce lures). Later to introduce foods the food is also wrong, because the stock of vitamins and minerals in premature babies is limited.

When entering, the attachment should not be deprived of the kid of the maternal milk. After each feeding, it must be applied to the mother breast or give the milk mixture. The expansion of the diet begins by introducing various porridges, and then the menu is complemented by vegetable, fruit puree.

The first is recommended to introduce buckwheat, rice, cornpasses. They can be breeding by those specialized milk mixtures for newborn children with which crumb feeds. You can not add any additional products (sugar, fruit, etc.). After pitch, you can gradually introduce vegetables, meat, and then dairy and dairy products.

It should not be too early to teach the juice, especially if they are freshly prepared. If the kid starts too early to use them, then it may have an allergic reaction, diarrhea, colic. In addition, the juices have a small nutritional value.

It is advisable to consult a pediatrician with a pediatrician to consult an additional food before entering the diet, because adequate and timely introduction of the attachment is the success of the correct development of the baby, born ahead of time.

Childcare

Premature children require careful care. Moms should pay special attention to the following factors:

1. Climate in the children's room.
2. Clothes of a newborn.
3. Swimming.
4. Walk.

1. Climate in the children's room

A climate in the premises is of great importance for the development of a newborn baby, where he is. The room must venture regularly. If on the heat street, you can not close the window, but you need to ensure that there are no drafts.

Optimal air temperature In the children's room - 23-25 \u200b\u200bdegrees. Near the baby (under his blanket) the temperature should be higher - about 28-32 degrees. Often there is a need for additional heating. The doctor may recommend the use of rubber heating, the temperature of the water in which should be about 60-65 degrees.

They are placed under the blanket in the legs and over the blanket on the sides at the distance of the palm of the body. The heights should not burn baby, so they need to be wrapped in towels, diapers or put in special bags. Caring for a premature child should include a change in water in the heating plants every 1.5-2 hours. At the same time, it is impossible to completely deprive the crumb of heat. The heights need to be changed alternately.

From artificial heating, it will be possible to abandon the end of the 1st month of the child's life, since by this time he will already "hold" the body temperature itself.

An important meaning is playing air humidity. In the room, its optimal level should be about 50-70%. You can monitor this parameter using a special instrument - a hygrometer. During the work of central heating batteries, air moistening may be needed. An excellent helper will be a special moisturizer. As its replacement, wet towels or fabrics, woven around the room, or placed vessels with water can be performed.

2. Newborn clothes

If the weight of the child is more than 2000, the newborn does not need additional clothing, blankets. It can be dressed in the same way as a daddy baby. If the weight of the kid is less than 2000, then he needs more things. Croche needs such goods for premature babies, like a blouse with stitched sleeves and a hood, cape from knitwear, diaper, sliders.

Moms should not be tightly swaded their child, because because of this it will be harder to breathe. In addition, the baby must be regularly shifted from one side to another.

3. Bathing

Kids whose mass is less than 1500 g, it is not recommended to bathe during the first 2 or 3 weeks of life. The rest of the premature babies can be bathed after 7-10 days after the appearance of the light.

Bathing of a premature child during the first 3 months should be made using boiled water. In the bath, the water temperature should be about 38 degrees, and in the room - at least 25 degrees.

4. Walking

Moms having premature children should be very careful with walks. On the health of the crumbs can reflect the sharp change of temperature. If the child weighs more than 1500 g, then with him you can go for a walk after more than 2 weeks passes from the moment of birth. Warm weather should stand on the street, and the air temperature should be about 25-26 degrees. The first mother's walk with the baby should be short - 10-15 minutes. Gradually, the time of staying in the fresh air should be increased to 1-1.5 hours.

In the spring and autumn at air temperature at least 10 degrees can be walking with infants, the age of which is 1-1.5 months, and the mass of the body is not less than 2500. If there is less than 8-10 degrees on the street, then in this time you can go out Only with 2-month-old crumbs, the mass of the body is 2800-3000

Vaccinations of premature children

For kids born in the wrong time, a pediatrician is an individual vaccination schedule, paying attention to the health of crumbs, as well as its psychomotor development. If the kid is absolutely healthy and his mass at birth turned out to be more than 2000 g, then the vaccine calendar will be the same as the incense children.

Newborn, which appeared on light with a body weight of less than 2000 g, in the maternity hospital does not put a vaccine against tuberculosis (BCG). The pediatrician will execute it after the weight of the child will reach the mark of 2500 g. The vaccinations of newborn children with a body weight of less than 1500 g did not put during the 1st year of life.

Massage for premature children

The kids who appeared too early, lagging behind in the development of their peers. To catch up with the age standards, it is recommended to carry out massage. It can be started from the 1st month of life, if the weight of the child is more than 2500 g.

If a child is 1-1.5 months, it is recommended to limit the simple stroking. After the crumble turns 2-3 months, you can move to more intensive massage techniques for premature babies: to kneading, rubbing, tapping, passive gymnastics (flexion of legs and arms, etc.).

Parents of premature babies should appeal to a pediatrician and professional massession. Experts will advise individual exercises that do not harm the baby and will be useful to him.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that the baptizing of a premature child is an important and fairly difficult event. Recommendations for the commission of concrete actions should give a children's doctor. Only he can advise what will benefit the baby and will not harm him. And remember that the main thing for the kid is your love. If he felt her, then soon you are already not remember that the child appeared to the light premature and lagged in development from other children.

How premature children develop (video)

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With the babies, the baby should not be hurry - Mamino Milk absolutely covers their need for nutrients to 6-7 months. Even later, premature babies, who need more vitamins and trace elements. At birth, they have weight up to 2.5 kg, however, they often catch up with peers, being on breast or mixed feeding.

Premature babes require a later entry

Features of the digestive system born ahead of the kid's term

The weight gain of the premature baby does not always go fast. The ability of the digestive system to master nutrients in such children is limited, and sucking and swallowing reflexes are weakly adjustable by a non-neural nervous system.

The premature babies have a reduced salivation and low secretion of gastric juice, the small activity of intestinal enzymes. They often have dysbacteriosis, since the resistance to the effects of pathogenic microorganisms is practically absent. Mom can help the crumb, putting breastfeeding, because her milk helps to settle the gastrointestinal tract with useful bacteria.

The frequency of feeding born before the baby's term affects its condition, weight at birth, the degree of maturity of organs and systems. It is desirable that he get mother's colostrum and milk. When attached to the chest is not possible, it should be imprisoned. Before the introduction of the babies, the baby is recommended to feed the breast or select a special mixture.

If necessary, a premature child is prescribed a special nutritional mixture (we recommend reading :)

When to offer the lord of the baby premature?

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This article tells about typical ways to solve your questions, but every case is unique! If you want to know how to solve your problem - ask your question. It's fast and free!

The earliest age for the feeding premature - 4 months, but most specialists recommend not to hurry up to 6 months. The calculation of the readiness of the digestive system is determined by the birth time. If the child appeared a month earlier, to the standard first feeding time (6 months) plus another one. When Kroch was born with a seven-month, lure is introduced in 8 months, adding 2 more to the standard period.

Mashed, juices and porridge offer the baby during the period when it is healthy and does not plan vaccination. At the same time, it is desirable to consult a pediatrician who will evaluate the weight gain and clinical analyzes data. The introduction of new dishes requires compliance with certain rules:

• early lifetime - from 4 months, because by this time the pancreas is included in the digestive system, and the intestines are inhabited by microflora, which can digest not only milk;
• proper of feeding: porridge, vegetable and fruit puree, fermented milk products, juices, protein dishes;
• the first doses are half a teaspoon that it is desirable to offer to lunch and check the condition of the baby (behavior, chair);
• it is possible that the baby will like the proposed dish, but abuse and give more of the first time forbidden;
• it is important to dope with milk or a mixture at least up to 8 months.

The lure is introduced in small portions so that the child's body adapts to it

Babies kids-allergies

When the child is observed dysbacteriosis, allergic manifestations, put in support for a later date. The premature baby is allowed to try one-component puree and porridge without taste additives. Perfect rice porridge, zucchini or mashed potatoes, baked green apple. A week is allowed to introduce only one product, watching the digestion and the skin reaction of the baby.

To analyze the reactions of premature babies to specific products, the diode of food should be conducted. By the year, the child allergic is enough to try 2 types of porridge, fruits and vegetables, 1 type of dietary meat. Enter eggs, fish, red vegetables and fruits permitted after a year.

Types and sequence of pre-harvested baby

The purpose of the introduction of the attachment is the formation of new taste habits and the development of chewing skills in grown children. In addition, in six months old, breast milk cannot meet the needs of babies in nutrients. About readiness for the introduction of porridge, puree and other products in the diet of premature babies are evidenced by such signs:

• age from 6 months;
• teething;
• chewing movements of the baby when hitting the nipples, a teethel;
• confident seat, the ability to emotionally react to food;
• the maturity of the gastrointestinal tract, the ability to absorb a small amount of dust without disorder of the digestion and allergic reaction.

Confident sitting indirectly talks about the readiness of the child to perceive adult food

Pringity of the first priority - grain porridge

The first attitude of a small baby becomes hypoallergenic porridge - rice, buckwheat, corn. Initially, it is worth introducing a taste of buckwheat cooked on a vegetable brave, breast milk or water. A little later, corn and rice are introduced, thanks to which the body of the kid will fill the supply of zinc and iron.

After 1-1.5 months, the portion of porridge can replace one feeding. Prepare a dish from a grinding coffee grinder or acquire kaskas that need to be dissolved with liquid. After the crumb will try simple porridge, it is worth adding butter in them. It should be started with 1 gram (on the tip of the knife), increasing the dose of up to 4 grams per day.

Pringity Two Priority - Hypoallergenic Vegetables and Fruits

For vegetable dusting, only fresh vegetables grown in the residence region should be taken. It should be started with colored boiled cabbage, broccoli, zucchini, using one-component, and then mixed puree. In 8 months, children are desirable to offer potatoes, pumpkins and carrots, carefully following the reaction (carotene as part of orange vegetables can provoke allergies (more in the article :). From 9 months, a male baby can offer soups on a vegetable broth. They add cereals, greens, and before serving the blender (the dish should not be too thick). Over time, the soup replaces day feeding.

At 7-8 months, it is allowed to try fruit - green apples, bananas, pears (recommend reading :). They are introduced into the diet of a small allergy, while they consider that pears have a fixing effect. Slowly one breastfeeding can be replaced by vegetable (fruit-borders). By the year, the kid can try berries, prunes, apricots.

Pears have a strong fixing effect

Pringity of the third sequence - dietary meat and yolk

The dietary meat is offered to the faster kid at 8-9 months. It is desirable that he tried him in such a sequence: rabbit, turkey, veal, beef, pork, chicken. The meat is unsalted in a puree, the meat is added to porridge or puree. Starting with ½ teaspoon, the portion is adjusted to 3 grams per 1 kg of the child's weight.

Allergens chicken eggs, first it is desirable to choose quail. Their yolk can be interlaced in the food from 7 months (see also :). Chicken eggs offer an unemployed child not earlier than 10 months, mixing the ¼ boiled yolk to the main dish. By 1-1.2 year, the volume is adjusted to 1 yolk, they offer crushed protein.

Quail eggs with low allergenicity are more suitable for the child's dust

Fourth Primary Primarity - Equal Rubber Products, Fish

Kefir, cottage cheese, home yogurt is introduced into the diet of the crumbs from 9 months. First, they are proposed gradually (from ½ teaspoon), gradually replacing one feeding with a milk product. Introducing the cow and goat milk in the diet born ahead of the toddler's term not recommended to 1.5 years. It contains disadvantaged proteins, so the first time is diluted with water.

It is advisable to clarify the dairy kitchen address from the pediatrician, where ferrous milk products for kids are prepared. If the mother plans to make them independently, only pasteurized milk should take. In 10-12 months you can introduce a baby with solid cheese. Dutch, Russian varieties or soft Adygei cheese without a sharp smell and a specific taste should be selected.

Adygei cheese is perfect for dating a child with solid dairy products

From 10-11 months, a premature baby is offered a fish (1-2 times a week). It is necessary to carefully choose fish, preferring with gentle white varieties. A child can try it in such a sequence: Sudak, Cod, Sair, Heck, Mintai, Salmon. Fish can be cooked or bake, and then grind and add to the side dish.

Vegetable and fruit juices

By year, children can offer fresh juices as an addition to one of the feedings. They are given with ½ teaspoon, bringing the volume by the year to 100 ml. Start from the juice of green apples, drain, peach, gradually introduce mixed juices: peach-pear, carrot apple and others. It is undesirable to offer juices from exotic fruits.

Table Primary Primigation Table

The administration time of the attachment is prematurely determined individually, based on the state of health, the type of feeding (breast, mixed or artificial) and the baby's readiness to try new dishes. "Not late" with the introduction of new dishes with young parents will help those in the table optimal feeding deadlines:

Table dust of premature babies

Introduction Your feeding is to coordinate with a pediatrician. Relying on the child's tests, he can advise this or that product. For example, with anemia before porridge and vegetables, meat is introduced, and with poor weight gain, fermented dairy products are preferable. The presented table scheme indicates how much and at what age should be given to kids born ahead of time.

The best option will be the development of an individual dust table together with a pediatrician

Standard Drawing Camera for Children with Normal Weight:

View of the product	Volume	6 months	7 months	8 months	9 months	10 months	11 months	12 months
Porridge on water	ml.	10-150	150-180	180	200	-	-	-
Porridge on milk	ml.	-	-	-	180-200	180-200	180-200	200
Vegetable puree	c.	10-80	80-200	150	170	180	200	200
Fruit puree.	c.	5-50	60	60	70	70-80	100	110
Vegetable oil	ml.	1	3	5	5	5	5	5
Drying, crackers, cookies	c.	-	5	5	5	10	10	10
Juices	ml.	-	-	10-30	50	60	80	100
Wheat bread	c.	-	-	5	5	10	10	10
Butter	c.	-	-	1-3	3	5	5	5
Meat puree	c.	-	-	10-30	40	60	70	80
Fish puree	c.	-	-	-	-	10-20	50	60
Yolk	pC.	-	-	-	¼	¼	½	½
Cottage cheese	c.	-	-	-	5-30	40	50	50-100
Kefir	ml.	-	-	-	10-30	40	90	150

Milk cereal is introduced into the diet of the child only after 9 months

Pediatrician opinion

Opinion of doctors relative to the beginning of the attachment of male children diverges. Someone advises to focus from 4 months, explaining this by the fact that the crumb need a lot of nutrients for development. Some moms follow these advice and introduce vegetable mashed potatoes with porridges at extremely early time, but not all kids refuse to eat lures of 4 months, the readiness for new food is important.

Evaluate the effectiveness of the prepar premature children will allow the monitoring of a monthly weight gain, as well as biochemical blood biochemical (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit), serum protein content and other assalations assigned to the pediatrician. With the right organization of feedings, the child will gradually catch up with peers, will grow healthy and strong.