How to collect urine to analyze the child. Analysis on catecholamines in the urine

Everyone without exception, parents, sooner or later, are faced with the need to collect urine. Unfortunately, not all moms know how to do it right. The greatest complexity usually represents urine collection by a small child. Often such analyzes are important for setting the correct diagnosis. It is important to know how to collect biological material, in this case urine, as this may affect the correct and timely detection of the pathological process in the body of the child.

How to collect urine to children up to the year and older. General rules

1. The baby should be sealed before collecting the analysis. The process of arms from boys, and in girls should be carried out in front, in order to avoid embedding the intestinal bacterial flora on the mucous membrane of the organs of the genitourinary system;

2. In a non-used child in the urine, bacteria can be defined, which will lead to a false analysis result.

• for the morning urine is needed, it is better to use its average portion. That is, if the child urins preferably not to collect the first and last part of the urine;
• to deliver urine to the laboratory is necessary in a short time, within 1-3 hours;
• cannot be stored in the refrigerator, freeze urine;
• do not collect urine in advance - long-term storage of material leads to distortion of results. The destruction of cells in the urine occurs, the turbidity changes and the reaction of the medium changes;
• the minimum amount of urine is 15-25 ml - 3-5 teaspoons.

About not effective techniques

There are several main ways how to assemble the analysis of a small child

"Squeezing diaper or diaper"

Not the best way to collect analysis, though, quite often used, which is better to avoid. The fact is that the diapers use a special gel-like substance, which, in fact, ensures moisture absorption. When trying to squeeze such a diaper, often it is possible to press the urine mixture and this gel, which will affect adequate assessment of the analysis. Push the diaper also does not make sense. In addition, what sterility can we talk about? This type of collection is categorically not suitable for bacteriological research. So instead of flora of the urinary tract of the child, we get a flora living on a diaper or diaper.

"Pouring urine from pot"

Not the best way. Collect the metal pot - the appropriate option, but it is necessary to boil it before collecting the analysis. If there is no potty pot, then there is no such possibility, and the use of household chemicals does not guarantee the expected effect. The number of leukocytes - white blood cells, in the urine of such a child, even subject to the collection of a well-washed pot, will exceed the norms, and bacteriological research will give a false positive result.

"Catch the moment and substitute a sterile container for collecting analysis"

In this case, you have to rely on luck. The container, which today you can buy on any pharmacy, preferably prepare in advance. Not a fairly reliable version of the collection of urine in the bank, even the bank treated with boiling water does not always guarantee purity. Collect urine at the kid up to a year very convenient in the bathroom. The sound of the splash of the water turned on will stimulate the process of urination in the child. You can also make a kid with clean drinking water.

Often, after sleeping, the kids are routine, while you will have to "catch the moment", substituting a pre-prepared container under the stream of urine. This technique is well suited for boys.

In the event of a collection of urine in girls, you can put a shallow plate or saucer. Do not forget about the purity and sterility of the dishes. Such dishes need to be thoroughly wash and boil. You can stimulate urination as a second, a mock moistened in warm water - this will provide a tactile stimulation of the child's urination.

"Using the urinary or the urefactor"

Unfortunately, uniforms, unfortunately, it is not always possible to purchase in a conventional pharmacy, but in the host items, they often have. It is a plastic sterile sterile bag with a special hole and adhesive zone for fixing it on the pubis of a child. Such urinary workers are ideal for children up to the year. There are both urinary workers for boys and for small representatives of the beautiful sex. From the top of a fixed packet on the crotch can be boldly to wear a diaper. To avoid irritation and dermatitis, it is better not to leave the receiver for a long time, at night. In addition, the "wrong" analysis, which may cause unnecessary consequences several times during the night. The urinal is convenient in transportation. The hole through which water flows is rushed with a polyethylene cap.

Unfortunately, this technique has its drawbacks:

• children are often very restless and constantly strive to pull out a disturbing unnecessary piece;
• irritation of skin;
• the inability to assemble the "necessary" portion.

"How to collect urine with a syringe with a glue?"

Method from folk folklore. The essence is simple - the child is coping with the need lying on the oilcloth, and the parents are selected by the urine sterile syringe. Kleenka must prepare in advance (wrapping) and wait for the moment of truth. Long time on the cold oilcloth, the baby will be at all comfortable. About sterility in this case is better not to dream.

"Method of collecting urine by the catheterization of the bladder"

The method is described only with a general educational purpose. The use of such a technique is possible only in the conditions of the medical institution by a qualified specialist. Do not repeat it at home!

Failure to comply with the technique of performing catheterization threatens formidable complications, such as infection or the injury to the urethra. The technique is carried out to the urethra of the flexible hollow tube (catheter) and urine fence directly from the bladder. The technique is good in the hospital, in cases where the child has a violated process. Analysis collected in accordance with all the rules is always sterile, if the kid has no urinary tract infection. The method is ideal for the bacteriological method of research and biochemistry of urine.

The algorithm for collecting urine in a one-year-old child using urinal.

You can collect urine in the girl up to a year according to this technique:

• hygienic hand washing;
• preparation of a child. The child should feel comfortable, should not cry. Psychological support is important;
• you can use non-sterile gloves;
• the kid must lie on his back with divorced legs;
• the crotch is better than once again, immediately before the collection procedure, to be treated with antiseptic napkins. Initially, the folds of the germ lip, and then the rejurement area with separate napkins. Movements should only be performed on the front back, in order to avoid driving infections;
• the skin is dried with dry sterile napkins;
• preparation of the urinary. Removing the protective sticker and applying the urinary on the outdoor genitals, so that it is necessary to ensure the flow of urine into the inside of the container.;
• you can prose the urination in previously described in the methods;
• when a child went down "by need," the urinary closes or its contents overflow into a sterile container;
• it is necessary to march the sample. Specify the surname and initials of the child, age, time and date of urine collection.

Collection of urine in boys up to the year:

• be sure to wash your hands before analysis;
• preparation of a child. The child should feel comfortable, should not cry. Talk, calm;
• you can use non-sterile gloves;
• the position of the child is similar to that described in the past method;
• the crotch is better than once again, immediately before the collection procedure, to be treated with antiseptic napkins. Treat genitalia, movements should only be performed on the front back, in order to avoid infection. Slightly delay the extreme flesh and the new napkin process the outer hole of the urethra. Do not force the opening of the head, do not injure the child;
• preparation of the urinary. Removing the protective sticker, the adhesive surface of the urinary attachment to the skin of the child, ensuring the tightness and receipt of urine into the container;
• when the child went down "by need", the urinary career is neatly closed or its contents overflow into sterile tank for analyzes;
• it is necessary to march the sample;
• the analysis is ready for transportation to the laboratory.

The required urine volume for the surcharge is 15 ml. For a long time to store material for research is impossible, as this leads to incorrect results.
Many parents of infants, especially girls, are not easy to collect morning urine.

Incorrect urine collection options for analysis

1) Collect the diaper or diaper.
As part of diapers, there is a gel absorbing fluid. If the diaper is started to press, then the output will be the same gel. The diaper during pressing is a kind of filter, after which urine is no longer suitable for laboratory research, as it has lost its properties. They also collect urine also from the oilcloth, with the help of a syringe, however, at this time, the child is not comfortable, especially since the oil can be for the kid cold.
2) take advantage of the pot
If the pot is made of aluminum, it must be boiled, before collecting urine, and if it will not work out of the plastic from the plastics. In the case of a plastic pot, the result of the analysis will be distorted for the worse.

Correct urine collection options for analysis

1) take advantage of a glass jar
Glass container must be subjected to boiling water. After waking, the baby must be flushed. Urination will quickly happen if the child hears the noise of water or go a little.
2) Collection of urine in girls
After sleep, the baby put under the ass shameless steamed plate. The dishes should cool to avoid burns. Then, touching to the region of the crotch moistened in warm water, you can substitute a container to collect analysis.
3) urine collection in a boy
After waking, the baby is always urinated. You just need to substitute the container to collect urine on the analysis. A glass separ bank, a plastic container sold in any pharmacy or a condom can be used as a collection capacity.
4) take advantage of the special collection for urine
The urefactor is a polyethylene package with a hole in the middle, rushing from both edges. You need to glue the package to the genitals and wear a diaper on top. Before the procedure, it is important to rinse the baby.

Varieties of urinary tests

General analysis
This type of research is conducted to identify possible kidney and bladder problems.
Study of urine in laboratory conditions is carried out to evaluate both physical and chemical characteristics.

Indicators studied with urine overall analysis
The color is studied, neutrality, specific weight, acidity level. These are defined
Indicators like protein, sugar, bile pigment, bilirubin, acetone, azotic acid salt, hemoglobin. The urine precipitate is studied for the presence of epithelium cells, erythrocytes, leukocytes, cylinders, bacteria.
Collecting urine for general analysis, it is necessary to remember that it is important to collect that morning material so that the results of the study give an adequate assessment.

Delivery analysis by Nechiporenko

An analysis of non-Correne is aimed at determining the amount of white, red blood cells and cylinders in 1 ml of urine.
This type of research is made in the case of suspicion of the presence of infection, if urine's clinical study found were deviations from the norm.
It is necessary to assemble the morning urine of the average portion into the capacity of 100 ml.

Analysis of daily urine (in winter)

If suspicion of serious kidney disease arise, then they are prescribed delivery of the Zimnitsky analysis.
1. It is not going to the earliest urine in the morning, it is missed.
2. Next during the day every urination (an interval of 3 hours) and the first portion of the morning of the next day are placed in 8 sterile containers. The material for analysis in the refrigeration chamber is +4 to +8 C.
For this analysis, you need to try to collect entirely urine, as it is taking into account the total amount of material for the study per day.
3. It is important here to maintain the amount of drilled liquid to determine the ratios of day and night urine

Urine analysis on biochemistry per day

The earliest urine is skipped in the morning. All other portions of day and night urine, as well as the portion of the morning of the next day, are combined into one container. It is stored in the refrigeration chamber from +4 to +8 degrees throughout the entire collection time.
You need to know the amount of urine in the package, then mix it and pour into a small jar. All urine does not need to be brought.
On the line of direction, be sure to indicate the volume of urine per day, as well as the growth and weight of the patient.

Analysis on catecholamines in the urine

1) First you need to take a special powder-preservative and container for analysis in the clinic. Renting the urine, it is important 3 days before the analysis does not take mate, chocolate, cheese and other products of dairy origin. As well as bananas, cocoa, tea, as part of which there are Chinese Camellia, drugs containing nitroglycerin, caffeine, ethanol.
2) Preservative-powder should be poured onto the bottom of a clean container, in which the analysis needs to be collected.
3) The first urine, collected in the morning you need to skip. Starting with the following portions, count the time by filling the material to research the jar with a preservative. The last act of urination should occur exactly 24 hours from the starting time.
4) At the end of the procedure, you need to measure urine volume, mix it to pour into a separate container. After all the proceeds made, bring to the point of delivery in a medical institution. Passing material for research, it is important to specify the collection time and the total amount of urine.

With the birth of a baby in the life of a young mother, new troubles and care arise, and one of them is the constant delivery of toddler tests in a children's clinic. And far from every mother knows how to collect urine in infants.

In fact, everything is not so difficult, you only need to choose the most convenient way and follow all the rules.

What to collect urine at the kid?

There are several ways to fence biomaterial in babies. Every parent chooses the one that is most convenient specifically for him.

Urine in the newborn can be collected using:

• urinary;
• polyethylene package;
• plastic or glass container.

Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages. Consider them in more detail.

Breeding urinal has a sticky surface for reliable fixation of the device

Using urination

The urinary student is a package with a special hole that is attached between the feet of the child to safe velcro. Thus, it turns out that when the kid decides to pee, urine will not follow, but will be gathered in the urinary.

It is not worth such a device at all, and it can be purchased in any pharmacy.

The rules for using the urinary is simple. Before the procedure of the child, it is necessary to go well a hypoallergenic or soap. Next, put the crumb on the back and wait until he calms down and stop messing around. All this time will be worth it to talk to the baby. Mother's voice and soothing intonation will faster relaxing it.

Then "wear" urination. It must be attached between the legs of the baby, the diaper is not necessary at the same time, since it will squeeze the bag, and as a result, all the urine will be in the diaper.

It will be better if, during the collection of analysis, the child will be in a vertical position: it will save him from the flow. You can take the baby to your arms and keep it until he pecks, but you can put a child on the legs (this belongs to children who already know how to stand).

The assembled biomaterial needs to be pouring into a sterilized jar and attributed to the clinic.

Thus, the process of collecting urine by urinal includes the following steps:

1. thoroughly wash your hands and work your child;
2. rass the packaging and remove the urinary;
3. disconnect the protective film from the velcro and glue the package between the legs of the child (girls - around the sexes, and in the boys put the sexual organ inside the package);
4. wait for the result, holding a baby in his arms;
5. disclosure the urinal from the skin of the baby;
6. make an incision on the package and a thin flower to break the urine into a clean container.

Urinal - disposable item. Immediately after use, it must be thrown out and the next time to use the new one.

Advantages and disadvantages of urinary

As you can see, the uniform greatly simplifies the life of young mommies. This invention appeared relatively recently, but is already very popular.

The advantages of the urinary researchers include accessibility, low cost, easy to use. As for the shortcomings, they are almost no. Unless to collect urine with the help of this device may not work from the first time, but everything comes with experience.

Package Need to neatly tie on the hips of the baby

We collect urine using a package

The package can be rightfully called the "folk" version of the urinary. At least, the principle of operation in the package is the same.

For the procedure, it will take clean (ideally new) plastic bag with handles. Handles cut so that they can be tied and consolidated on the thighs of the baby. It turns out an improvised gloof, which is located between the toddler's legs.

Next, everything is done in the same way as in the case of purchased urinary. It is better to take a child in hand and wait for urinate in a vertical position. If the child is completely small, you can just put it in a crib without a diaper, and put the bag under the baby. But at the same time, do not forget to raise the oilbox, otherwise the excess wash is provided to you.

Often intake food contributes to urination in kids, so try feeding the crumb. This will speed up the process.

Advantages and disadvantages of a package for collecting urine in children

Such a method is less costly than collecting urinary. In addition, the package (even simple cellophane is suitable) is almost always at hand, so there will be no problems with the collection of analyzes even in force majeure circumstances.

But there are several drawbacks of this method:

• lack of absolute sterility;
• discomfort for the kid;
• inconvenience of the procedure;
• risk Solve the contents, especially if the child is actively moving.

Now in pharmacies sell special sterile containers for collecting biomaterial for analyzes

Urine Collection in Bank

This method is also called "grandmother", since it is the oldest and proven of all three. Previously, banks from children and mayonnaise were used to collect urine, now there is an opportunity to buy special containers for biomaterial at the pharmacy. Such capacities are convenient because they do not need to be boiled and sterilized, while banks from under products need to be carefully disinfected.

Collection of urine can be patient and time. It is carried out as follows:

• good to fit the baby and put it on the loaf;
• take a clean jar in your hands and wait;
• as soon as the baby begins to write, substitute the jar and collect urine. It is best to collect "middle" urine, since it is the most clean - it is its study that will give the most accurate results.

This method is convenient to use for the boy, but for the collection of urine in girls use the method called "Babushkin Plate". The essence of this method is simple.

You will need a clean (sterilized) shallow plate. It must be placed under the ass girl when she lies on the back in the crib. As soon as the baby flies, the plate must be carefully removed, and the contents are pouring into a sterile jar with a lid.

Before conducting the procedure, the kid must be thoroughly strained

Rules for collecting analyzes in infants

1. Before collecting analyzes, it's a pretty fit with soap or a special means, and then thoroughly rinse with water and wipe dry.
2. For analysis you need to collect morning urine.
3. It is impossible to donate urine, pressed from diaper or clothes. Such an analysis will give a false result.
4. The same applies to diapers. If you "share" an analysis from the diaper, the result will be incorrect.
5. Also, you can not use urine from the pot, as in a pot (no matter how you soap it) the microbes will still remain.
6. You can stimulate urination by turning on the crane or record the murmur of water.
7. If there is a diaper on the baby all night, it's enough to remove it in the morning, and the crumble immediately presses.
8. Also, you can also "help" the kid can, wet the diaper on which he lies, or making a light masseal of the tummy.
9. You need only fresh urine in the clinic (it is impossible to store two hours).
10. On a jar with analysis, make a piece of paper with the necessary information about the child (Full name, date).

Conclusion

As you can see, you're not so difficult to collect urine. It is better for this purpose to use a special urefactor, but in the absence of such a device you can resort to the proven "grandmother" ways or collect the urine by an ordinary package. The main thing when collecting analyzes is observing all the rules of hygiene and sterility.

The urine analysis is considered mandatory in the planned examination of the baby, as well as in the case of the diagnosis of one or another disease. For young parents, this procedure causes concern, as it seems not to do it correctly and painlessly for a child. Such an opinion is mistaken, collect Urim from the baby, even a baby, not as difficult, most importantly - choose the optimal time and convenient way.

Features of urination in a child

The number of urination in children depends on their age, for example, infant to six months is capable of emptying the bladder to 25 times a day, and a year old baby is up to 12 times.

More often this process comes after sleep, which is just suitable for collecting analysis in the morning hours. Many kids ripen after feeding, so if the collection of analysis immediately after sleep was broken, then after breakfast it is possible to try again.

What ways you can collect urine in infants (girls and boy)

The main difficulties of collecting biomaterial in infants are on the technical side of the issue, especially in girls, as well as in difficulties to determine the time of urination. These problems are quite solved if you know some subtleties of the entire event.

How to assemble urine in infant to 3 months

The crumbs up to the year urinate quite often, which allows you to spend several attempts to collect material. It is better to try 10-15 minutes after feeding.

The process can be carried out in several schemes:

The best and correct is the first option with the use of the urinary, so faster and easier to collect analysis, e traumaous kid.

How to collect urine in a child up to the year

Children on older, namely, until the year, it is possible to carry out urina by analogy with infants. Difficulties may arise in the retention of the urinary, as the child can actively protest this subject, help and tear it.

Similarly, the situation is also with the package, especially, the baby can simply break it, pour all the contents. Parents during the waiting period should make efforts to distract Chad from the breakdown of fixtures to collect urine, you can vail for some time on your hands.

If boys are more easier to collect analyzes in a jar, substituting the tank under the jet, then the same difficulties remain for girls. Alternatively, you can try not to wear a baby diaper and just wait and in a responsible moment quickly, but carefully, lift it and substitute a jar. The whole process must be made together. Even if the baby is already accustomed to the pot, it is not necessary to collect biomaterial from the tank, since there will be unreliable tests with such urinas.

Similar option is possible, if you pre-dress the urinary and put a child, in the inertia, it can go to the toilet, and the parents will remove the necessary material.

How can not do

In order to simplify urine collection, some resort to receptions that cannot be done, since after that the results of the analyzes will be dubious. In addition, there is a possibility to put in the urine of bacteria, which during the study can be interpreted by a doctor as the development of pathological processes. The list of prohibited methods includes:

1. Press the urine from diaper or any other matter, including diaper.
2. Sleep the contents of the pot even if it is soapy. Cleaning products, possible residues of biomaterial will change the composition of the urine-handed.
3. Before fixing the uniform, lubricate the place of the cream mount.
4. Collect urine in advance, for example, during the day or evening, and take the next day.

On a note! The correct analysis will be the analysis, the equal to the information will be, so it is not necessary to neglect sterility.

General rules for collecting

For convenience, a sterile purchased package can be used to collect analyzes, if applied, then they must be thoroughly washed, treated with boiling water.

The following tips will be in helping parents:

1. If you have to pass the tests, then you can give more liquid in the evening before the baby. If the crumb rises another night, then subside it a little more or give mixtures, breast milk: on the eve of the delivery of a child or a nursing mother should be adjusted, by analogy, as before passing the biomaterial in adults. Food, medicines, coloring products, one day should be excluded.
2. You can provoke urination at the level of reflex, for example, turn on the crane with water and bring the child, to overflow the liquid from the glass into the glass. You can put a crumb on a wet diaper, but for a while, taking into account that in the room is warm. It is important not to overdo it and not shock the baby, enough 3-5 minutes.
3. So that the child does not break the urinal, you can distract it with a light massage, games. Laughter and crying provoke urination if Chado begins to express its emotions, discontent, then the container should be in proximity.
4. Biological analyzes are changing in the composition with a long stay in a warm environment. While the fees go to the clinic, it is better to remove the container in the refrigerator, try not to overtake more than 2 hours.

Trying to collect the urine correctly, it is not necessary to experiment and invent new devices, as this may not go in favor of the proper gathering of the biomaterial. It is better to choose a time-tested and experienced techniques that allow no longer a long-lasting discomfort and do not affect urine structure, for example, ready to use urinary studies.

How to collect urine at a year old girl? This question is relevant because all parents of kids face this problem. The little child is very restless, so it is very difficult to collect the released fluid. At the same time, urine is an important factor in determining the correct diagnosis if the baby is sick.

General rules

In order to properly collect analyzes, the child must be clean. The kids are isolated in front and behind so that the bacteria from the intestines do not fall on the organs of the urinary system. If you do not implement this procedure, the analysis may include substances that provoke false analyzes.

If a general urine analysis is needed for a diagnosis, the substance is necessary to collect the substance since the morning. Send the results obtained to the laboratory should be within 1-3 hours. It should not be sent to the diagnosis of urine, which was collected in the evening, because the material, stood by the whole night of the house, can lead to improper diagnosis.

Currently, there are a large number of fluid collection methods, but some of them are ineffective. For example, do not squeeze the material from diapers or diapers. The fact is that the composition of diapers includes a special gel, which, if you get into a child highlighted, the fluid leads to distortion of the results. In addition, such a method is not suitable for bacteriological research, because in the end, the specialist will only receive the diagnosis of the flora located on the diaper itself, and not in the sexual system of the child.

For a false-positive result will also collect analyzes from the pot. Even if the mother boils the children's toilet, the number of leukocytes will be increased, and the necessary diagnosis will be incorrectly, as a result of which the doctor may assign ineffective treatment.

Common methods

Many mothers in order to collect analyzes, use special containers. But in this method there is a big drawback, because it is necessary to catch the right moment. This method is more suitable for boys. And if it is a little girl, it is better to put a shallow plate or a saucer, which you need to boil before use so that the external microbes do not fall on the dishes. In order for urination to happen, you can put a wet vat, which stimulates the natural processes of fluid release.

The most common method is the use of urinary. Although this method has its drawbacks, but the sterility of the collected analyzes is observed. Often the child is very restless and irritation may appear, but this method provides an accurate diagnosis, which is necessary when collecting material for the study.

In order to collect analysis, you need to wash your hands well. It is necessary to put a child so that he felt confident and comfortable, while the psychological support of the baby plays a big role. For security, some use sterile gloves so that the microbes do not get into the urine of the baby. The crumb should lie on his back with a broken leg. After mom breaks his baby, you need to treat outdoor genitals with children's antiseptic napkins. Sterile wipes will be needed to dry the skin of the baby. In order to use the urinal, it is necessary to remove the protective sticker and attach a means to the sexual organs to the urine began to go into a small bag. After the procedure is over, you need to close the urinary and pour the contents of the liquid into a special container. Sample should be marked, pointing out the name and surname of the child, and then send an analysis to the laboratory for diagnostics.