What you need for a DIY perm at home. Modern compositions for perm hair For perm it is optimal

For perm You must have the following tools, materials and accessories:

• plastic comb-tail;
• insulating cap;
• plastic bowl;
• applicator (bottle with a “spout”) for applying the solution;
• a sponge or another applicator for applying fixative;

• latex gloves;
• plastic bobbins of various diameters;
• hair balm;
• two towels;
• fat-based cream;
• measuring cup;
• plastic clips.

Tools must not have metal parts.

There are two common ways to perform a perm:

• direct method; The composition is applied to clean, dry hair and only after that it is wound onto bobbins. Typically used only on long hair;
• indirect method: clean wet hair first they are wound, and then the solution is applied to them. The most common in recent years, since modern drugs are well absorbed by the hair. It is convenient because the exposure time for all hair is the same.

Sometimes, with sufficiently long hair, you can use a combined method: a strand of 1/2 or 2/3 of its length is impregnated with the composition, and after wrapping is completed, the preparation is applied to the bobbin.

When winding strands into zones, you must remember that the surface of the scalp has a different temperature. For example, the temperature of the occipital zones is lower than the skin temperature in the parietal zone.

When using the first method, the hair of the occipital zones is first curled, then the temporal and lateral ones, and only after that the parietal zone. When winding using the second method, the sequence of strands does not matter.

A hairdresser performing a cold perm must observe the following precautions:

• Before the procedure, you should perform a biotest, for which the drug is applied with a cotton swab to the skin behind the ear or on the bend of the elbow. If after 15 - 20 minutes the skin does not turn red, then perm can be performed;
• protect the scalp by leaving a natural protective layer or creating (after washing) an artificial one, for example, by soaking it in fat;
• drugs should remain on the hair for as long as possible a short time, and after a quick rinse, the hair must be immediately soaked with a fixative, trying to prevent the liquid from flowing down the neck or face;
• You can use protective dressings, which must be removed immediately after impregnation of the hair.

It is very dangerous if liquid gets into your eyes, which in this case should be rinsed with ordinary warm water; if the eye turns red, the help of an ophthalmologist is needed.

The hairdresser must carefully protect the skin of his hands from the action of chemicals using protective gloves sprinkled with talc inside to make them easier to take off and put on. If you work without gloves, the epidermis on the fingertips may die, which becomes constantly wet and very sensitive.

Before performing a perm, it is necessary to examine the scalp. If the integrity of the skin is damaged, there are wounds, etc., the client must be warned about this. Perhaps further work should be abandoned for a while. Diagnose the hair and, depending on this, choose the curling method and the diameter of the bobbins, having previously discussed with the client the shape and elasticity of the curl. When perming previously colored or bleached hair, you can conduct a hair strength test. To do this, the drug is applied to a thin strand and after 10-15 minutes the hair is tested for tearing. If the hair “creeps” or breaks easily, it means that the concentration of the composition is too high. In this case, you need to either abandon the perm altogether, or dilute the drug with water in a 1:1 ratio and repeat the test. You should also tactfully explain to the client in which case curling will negatively affect her health. This:

• headache;
• high or low blood pressure;
• critical days, pregnancy or lactation;
• hunger;
• taking any medications;
• stress.

Wash your hair with a mild neutral shampoo without rubbing it into the scalp. If you have a lot of styling products on your hair, you can use shampoo to deep cleaning. You should not apply balm, as it will cover the scales and hinder the chemical process.

If the length of the hair is too long for subsequent hairstyle, then you can perform a preliminary haircut. It should be remembered that after curling, the length of the strand may be reduced by 1.5 - 2 cm.

Curl your hair into bobbins using the first or second perm method.

Rules for winding hair with bobbins:

• the width of the strand is equal to the width of the working surface of the bobbin;
• the thickness of the strand is usually equal to the diameter of the bobbin;
• The strand is pulled away from oneself, thereby ensuring maximum root lift. Sometimes the volume is not needed, for example when wide face. Then pulling the strand can be done differently on the parietal and lateral areas;
• the strand is wound onto the bobbin evenly, with good tension. The hair should be positioned on the bobbin, like thread on a spool. However, you should not pull the strand, as this can cause headaches for the client;
• wrapping is performed on hair moistened with the product or water, which allows for high-quality tension of the strand. The quality of the curl depends on this in the future;
• The elastic band should not pull on the root of the strand. This can lead to hair breakage. To secure the bobbin, it is advisable to use plastic skewers;
• when screwing previously painted, porous or damaged hair It is recommended to moisturize them with a protective spray;
• Keep in mind that the hairline on your neck is the coldest area. Therefore, it is possible to use bobbins of smaller diameter;
• For better scrolling of the ends of the strand, you can use special paper.

It is necessary to take into account that the choice of bobbin diameter is influenced by future installation. If the client prefers to use a hair dryer for this, then the curl should not be steep and shallow - such hair is difficult to straighten and stretch with a hair dryer. If the client prefers curlers, then the curl can be quite elastic. If the curl is done as an independent styling (for example, on long hair), then the curl should be elastic and correct. Explain to a client with long hair that the curl pulls back under its own weight, so you should not blow-dry your hair or use a diffuser attachment to shape curls. While drying your hair naturally, you can lift and squeeze it slightly from time to time, forming a curl with your hands. So that the hair does not fluff, but lies beautiful curls, you need to apply mousse or gel to wet strands and comb with a large-toothed comb. Do not use a fine-toothed comb - the hair will fluff up again.

Applying a chemical. Lubricate the skin at the edge of the hairline with a rich cream. This will protect it from irritation when it comes into contact with the chemical composition. Tie a tourniquet of a napkin or towel around your head to prevent the composition from getting on your facial skin.

Apply the chemical composition. The composition is applied from the applicator quickly and evenly. Applicator movements from right to left and back. Cannot be applied a large number of the drug immediately, since the hair will not have time to swell and the composition will simply flow. In this case, the lower layers will remain unimpregnated. Thus, the solution is applied alternately to each bobbin over the entire surface of the head. Repeat several times depending on the length and thickness of the hair. Put on an insulating cap or plastic scarf. Do not use additional heat. You can use climazone. At the same time, the exposure time is reduced by almost half.

The approximate amount of perm preparation depending on hair length is given below.

Modern drugs do not require curl testing. They work reliably and quickly. But to reassure the client, you can check the curl. To do this, unwind one bobbin at a time different zones and, holding the curl on the bobbin thumbs, lightly spring the strand. If the strand forms a wave, then the curl is ready. You cannot untwist the strand to the end, because the newly twisted curl may not coincide with the already formed one. Please note that when fixed, the curl will become more elastic.

In order for the curl to be large, you cannot reduce the holding time; you need to wind it on bobbins of a larger diameter. Accordingly, in order for the curl to be small, you should twist your hair into small bobbins, and not increase the holding time.

Remember that when working with modern drugs Do not increase the holding time beyond what is prescribed according to the instructions. This will only lead to the unraveling of the curl and loosening of the hair. If the curl does not work out and the client is not satisfied with the weak and flaccid curl, it is better to redo the chemistry immediately or after 1 - 2 weeks, using a soft composition and a possibly smaller bobbin diameter.

The time of exposure of the drug to the hair is given in the table. 7.1.

Table 7.1

At the end of the exposure time, the chemical composition is washed off with warm running water without unwinding the bobbins. If the curling was done using climazone, then you need to let the hair cool down. Rinse time depends on hair length. The thicker the strand on the bobbin, the longer it takes to wash off the drug. This is very important; in the future, the fixation process depends on how well the hair is washed. Recommended rinsing times are given below.

Then dry your hair well with a towel and apply fixer. Modern manufacturing companies produce a ready-made concentrated fixer that needs to be diluted 1:1 with water. The solution can be foamed and applied to each bobbin using a sponge or applicator. There must be enough fixer, otherwise not all broken sulfur bonds will be restored, and the hair, having lost its elasticity, will become inelastic and flaccid. The fixing preparation is left for some time, then the bobbins are untwisted, starting from the lower occipital zone. Further, if the hair is longer than 10 cm, the fixer can be applied a second time. Rinse thoroughly with warm running water. The exposure time of the fixer is given in table. 7.2.

Table 7.2

And finally, you can begin the final curling operation - neutralization. A special preparation is applied to towel-dried hair, which finally removes the residual amount of hydrogen peroxide and thioglycolic acid from the depths of the hair. In this case, the keratin hardens quite quickly, which makes the hair elastic and shiny. The drug is kept on the hair for 3 - 5 minutes. All this time, it is advisable to rub it into your hair with gentle movements, then rinse with water. Some modern companies use stabilizing mousse. It is applied to the hair after rinsing and is not washed off.

It is advisable to trim the ends of your hair after curling.

Mistakes when performing a perm.

Hair strands have weak curls:

• a chemical composition that has expired has been used;
• the hair was divided into large strands and wound too tightly into bobbins, so the composition did not saturate the ends of the hair well;
• insufficient amount of composition;
• poor tension of strands when winding;
• insufficient concentration of the drug;
• The diameter of the bobbins is too large for this type of hair.

Scalp irritation:

• Too much product was used and the unabsorbed product flowed onto the scalp.

Hair fragility:

• the holding time of the composition has been exceeded;
• the rules for applying fixer were violated;
• the hair was very stretched when curled and the tight elastic bands pulled the roots.

Changing hair color:

• a fixer with a concentration of more than 3% and a duration of exposure of more than 8 minutes was used;
• the hair was not washed sufficiently before the neutralization operation;
• metal utensils and tools were used that reacted with the composition.

Hair care after perm. Any type of perm will inevitably leave your hair weakened and prone to damage. Therefore, you should handle curled hair very carefully, especially in the first weeks after curling.

When the bobbins are removed, it is very important not to start combing your hair right away, since the curls will only fully set when the hair is completely dry. Don't worry if your curls turn out tighter than you would like. The curl will weaken a little in the first week.

After washing your hair, you should use either healing balms with keratin, protein or rinses. It is also advisable to use shampoo for dry and brittle hair or for permed hair. Hair masks should be done after every third or fourth wash.

New perms contain lightweight nutrients such as moisturizing panthenol and hair growth enhancing keratin, collagens and silk proteins. They also give elasticity to the curls. An effective strengthening agent is hot oil. This new generation product strengthens hair without leaving any traces of fat on it. Its secret lies in a new combination of keratin and protein hydrolyzer ingredients plus thermal action. Closed bottles with oily liquid must be heated for 2 minutes. hot water, then open and apply to damp hair. Thanks to the heat, the ingredients are evenly distributed on the surface of the head and have a better effect on the hair. Let the oil absorb a little and then wash off with shampoo. The hair then becomes healthier and more elastic.

It’s no secret that “chemicals” are harmful to hair, but how transformative it is appearance! This is the reason why the procedure is so popular. Beautiful curls last for several months, eliminating the need to curl your curls with curlers, irons or curling irons. Long-term styling can be done on strands of almost any length. How to do a perm at home and choose a product, as well as other nuances of the procedure are described in detail below.

How to make a perm at home

At the same time, although it harms the hair, it is significantly less than the drugs our grandmothers used to make “chemistry”.

The essence of the procedure is the creation of curly strands. In cross section, straight hair is a circle, and curly hair is an oval. To change the structure of the hair shafts, persistent chemical compounds are used.

Note, Performing a high-quality perm at home is not easy, especially for those with long curls. You need to properly curl your hair on curlers, treat it with the preparation and fixative, and after a certain time quickly remove the rollers. It is important not to overexpose the composition on your head, then the harm from it will not be too strong.

Product placement methods

You can create long-term styling using different types curlers You need to choose the right ones taking into account the length of the hair, the shape of the curls and the appearance of the future hairstyle. Depends on all this Ways to arrange products for winding:

Horizontally

The smaller the curlers and curlers, the more elastic the curls are. The technology is quite easy to master and apply at home;

Vertical

In addition to the composition for creating curls, you will need a fixative that will extend the “life” of the curls. It can be concentrated, then you will see the marking “1+1”. This means that the liquid must be diluted with water. Proportion - 1:1. The absence of a mark indicates that the fixative is not concentrated and is completely ready for use.

Preparations for consolidating the results of home perm are usually produced in two consistencies:

• foam- before use, the product is well foamed and the curls are treated;
• not foamy- they are applied to each curl from the spout of the bottle.

You can make a fixative yourself, based on hydrogen peroxide or hydroperite tablets. But it is better to buy a ready-made drug, where the proportions of all components are guaranteed to be met. The main recommendation when choosing is that the product should be from the same line as the chemical composition.

To the options " light chemistry"refers to carving, the effect of which lasts 1–2 months. The procedure is recommended for soft hair of medium length.

Instruments and preparations

You need to prepare everything you need for the procedure in advance. Then at the crucial moment you won’t have to frantically search for this or that tool. Careful preparation will make not an easy process Hair curling will be more organized and will save time.

Curlers, hairpins

Most often for chemical Perms use plastic (plastic) products. They are lightweight, easy to attach, and do not absorb the solution. One of the popular options is bobbins, which create elastic vertical curls. Flexible boomerangs (papillotes) that form soft curls are also suitable for the procedure.

The larger the diameter of the curler, the larger the curls. Beautiful styling form conical products: the curls are voluminous at the roots and smaller at the tips.

Advice. A convenient addition to the classic forms of curlers - needles or curling plates. They are slipped under an elastic band that secures the curled curl. This avoids creases.

For lovers original solutions Manufacturers produce the following unusual models of curlers:

• studs or U-shaped- for stylish “broken” curls. They look like a stick bent in half, the ends of which are slightly twisted outward. The strands are wound on them in a figure eight;
• Olivia Garden- to give the hairstyle additional volume, the formation of natural curls. These curlers are attached without clamps, like a construction set, so the curls are obtained without creases;
• wide reels with clip-on fasteners. Suitable for girls with hair of any length;
• retro wave curler- look like wave-like plates. These curlers are used in tandem with bobbins.

Depending on the length, thickness of the hair and the desired effect, an average of 50 to 80 curlers are required per curl.

Applicator or foam sponges

Used for applying and distributing chemical composition and fixing agent throughout the hair.

Fixer

It will help to consolidate the resulting curling result. Apply to curlers after the curl has set. It is optimal if purchased together with the chemical composition.

Chemical drug

The basis of the procedure, the quality of which determines the future result. For home use You can purchase the composition from Londawave, Estel, WELLA, and other cosmetic companies. The main thing is that it suits your hair type and structure.

Shampoo

You will need it for washing your hair before chemical treatment. Some manufacturers offer special shampoos recommended for use before the procedure.

Such products not only cleanse hair of impurities, but also soften it, making it more pliable, and also restore the structure of the hair shafts. As a rule, they are not cheap, so if your budget is limited, you can take regular shampoo.

Two bowls for preparations

In one of them you need to place the chemical composition, in the other - the fixer (if you need to whip up the foam). It is optimal if the dishes are made of glass, plastic or porcelain. The volume of each bowl is about 200 milliliters.

Warm cap or cap

It is put on the head after all the hair is wrapped in curlers and moistened with the composition. Creates a thermal effect. Most often used for acid curling. An alternative could be a terry towel.

Protective gloves

Will help prevent chemicals from getting on the delicate skin of your hands. They are required, even if the test for sensitivity and allergic reactions went well. Gloves can be polyethylene or rubber.

Special paper

Protects hair ends from damage. Facilitates the curling process. Instead of professional paper, regular parchment paper for baking will do.

Comb

You can comb your hair with a massage brush before curling. The process will require another tool: a comb with a tail. With its help, it is convenient to divide hair into zones and capture thin strands.

Crab clips

While working, it is convenient to hold individual strands prepared for winding. They can additionally fix large curlers if they are not included with the products.

Attention! The only restriction for tools is that they should not be metal. This applies to curlers, combs, hairpins and dishes. Metal will reduce the quality of the curl.

Tourniquet

Prevents the composition from getting into your eyes. Most often you can find cotton strands on sale. Also suitable for these purposes is a rolled up towel or a piece of cotton fabric, in which cotton wool is wrapped.

It is important that the device reliably absorbs the flowing liquid from the hair. The tourniquet is tied in a knot at the back of the head and secured in front by hooking it with a crab onto the curlers located on the back of the head.

Special bandage

Protects the scalp from chemicals. composition along the hairline. Apply to the skin in front of the tourniquet.

Towel

Absorbs excess moisture after washing your hair.

You may also need a caring hair balm, table vinegar (for rinsing), fat cream or Vaseline, a peignoir (a cape made of waterproof fabric to protect clothing), a special bowl for the neck to catch any remaining liquid, a timer and a measuring cup.

Stages of the procedure

Preparatory stage

Before you start directly perming at home, use the compositions to test for allergic reactions. This will save you from possible unpleasant surprises during the procedure. First, carefully examine your scalp. If there are no wounds, cuts, or abrasions, proceed as follows:

• Apply 1-2 drops of the composition to a piece of cotton wool or a cosmetic disc;
• lubricate the area behind the ear;
• leave for 10–15 minutes.

The selected drug can be used for “chemistry” if during this time the skin does not turn red, does not itch, there is no swelling or burning sensation. If at least one of the signs of an allergy appears on your face, wash off the composition with hydrogen peroxide (take a 3% solution) and then with water. Refuse the procedure or buy a new product. Test it in exactly the same way.

The next step is to check the hair reaction with the composition:

• separate a small part of the hair at the back of your head;
• apply a chemical;
• After 2-3 minutes, check: if the hairs break, the concentration of the composition is high for you. Dilute it with water in a ratio of 1:1 or 1:1/2, repeat the test, choosing another strand.

It happens that as a result of the test, the hair becomes brittle and covered with a gray coating. In this case, long-term styling is contraindicated.

Attention! You can’t do “chemistry” on bleached hair, even if dry hairs break after being pulled. You can also place a small strand of hair into the composition as a test sample. Hair that after 10 minutes has lost its strength and begins to tear needs treatment, not a perm.

After successfully passing the tests, wash your hair. Do not massage the skin: sebaceous deposits will prevent drying. You can replace shampoo with tar or laundry soap. The alkali, which is present among their components, makes the outer layer of hair loose and susceptible to solution. Dry the strands lightly with a towel and comb with a wide-tooth comb.

“Chemistry” looks beautiful on hair cut in a cascade. But when shortening the strands, remember: curling will additionally “take away” a couple of centimeters of length.

Perm

How to properly perm prepared hair:

When doing long-term styling outside of a salon, it is best to hire an assistant.

Safety precautions

Attention! If your hair is falling out, is very weakened, or has recently been dyed (including with henna or basma), the procedure should also be postponed.

Perming at home is a risky undertaking, especially if you do it yourself. The procedure is long and labor-intensive. When starting it, it is important to take into account all the nuances: choose the right composition, prepare necessary tool, carefully curl your curls, do not overexpose the solution, do not forget about safety rules and much more. Certainly, professional craftsmen are also not immune from force majeure, but without the appropriate experience, the likelihood of making a mistake increases.

If your budget allows, it is better to entrust the creation of curls to a hairdresser. Many of them go to the client’s home and charge less for work than in a salon. If you still decide to experiment with “chemistry” on your own, prepare and test your hair and skin well, and perform all the steps step by step. Take a gentle composition first. The curls may not last as long as you want, but your hair will suffer less.

And don’t forget that after chemo. Permed hair needs special care, with which you will take care of your hair and prolong the effect of the procedure.

Useful videos

Hair curling step by step.

How to perm your hair at home. In order to do a high-quality perm yourself, you first need to understand what effects the hair is exposed to during this procedure. If we look at a section of straight hair, we will see that it has the shape of a circle, and curly hair

- oval shape. What follows from this? To curl straight hair, you need to change the shape of its section while simultaneously twisting along the axis. When you wind your hair with curlers or bobbins, it bends and changes its shape. Wherein internal communications

keratin (the structural protein of hair) shifts, but does not break, and the curl is maintained until the next hair wash. Before perm

The keratin scales of the surface layer of hair are tightly closed. But under the influence of the chemical composition, the bonds inside the hair disintegrate, the protein fibers are damaged, the scales open, and at this moment the hair, when wound on bobbins of different configurations, can be given any shape. The breakdown of molecular bonds should ideally reach 30%, then the hair will become stringy and viscous. The next step is to stabilize (fix) new uniform hair To do this, use a weak solution of hydrogen peroxide. At this moment, the swelling of the hair stops, and it begins to return to its natural state: the previous connections inside the hair are restored, the keratin acquires its original strength and elasticity, and the scales close. This stage should be given great importance: if the fixation is done incorrectly, then the perm will turn out to be fragile. During perm

Thus, two forces act on the hair - tension and pressure. As the temperature during curling increases, the hair's ability to resist changing shape decreases, so during the curling process an insulating cap is used that retains the natural heat of the human body.

Each subsequent curl will look less beautiful than the previous one, since chemicals destroy the keratin of the hair, which is why a new substance is formed in the hair - meta-keratin, which reacts differently to the curling solution. There may come a time when your hair simply stops being curled and you will have to wait a while for it to grow back.

Hair curling tools.

If you decide to do perm at home, you will need a sufficient amount bobbins of various shapes and diameters - from 50 to 80 pieces. They do not have metal parts and are secured with rubber bands. Also for hair To do this, use a weak solution of hydrogen peroxide. At this moment, the swelling of the hair stops, and it begins to return to its natural state: the previous connections inside the hair are restored, the keratin acquires its original strength and elasticity, and the scales close. This stage should be given great importance: if the fixation is done incorrectly, then the perm will turn out to be fragile. During can be used at home plastic curlers, which are also secured with an elastic band or clip. Peignoir(a special cape made of waterproof fabric) will help you keep your clothes in order, and protective gloves will protect your hands and nails from aggressive solution. Among other things, you will need:

• plastic comb-tail,
• curling compound and fixative,
• insulating cap,
• bowl and sponge for fixative,
• drug for neutralization and stabilization,
• biological fixative.

Please note that during curling, products from the same company/brand must be used. You can buy all this in a specialized store.

Perm compositions

Almost all curling lotions are created on the basis of organothio compounds and their derivatives - they make it possible to influence the shape of the hair and change it even with normal temperature human body. A very important characteristic of the drug is its pH value. The higher it is, the more active action drug on the hair and the greater the likelihood of complete destruction of bonds and dissolution of hair keratin. What curling compounds are used today?

Alkaline permanent (from Latin permaneo - I remain, I continue) is used for curling healthy and natural hair. The disadvantage of alkaline permanent is that it emits harmful hydrogen sulfide vapors, which can cause various side effects in humans - headaches, malaise, dermatitis (skin inflammation).

Acid-balanced permanent used for naturally weak, tired, heavily colored hair. This composition does not contain strong alkalis and is less harmful. Its main component is glyceryl monothioglycolate. This composition begins to act only after it is mixed with the activator (it is included in the kit, both liquids must be mixed before use, since the finished mixture cannot be stored), and a chemical reaction occurs with a large release of heat, and the composition warms up to 40 degrees C. The peculiarity of the acid composition is that due to the low swelling of the hair, the hairstyle is less afraid of moisture and weather influences, and looks more natural. The disadvantage is that the product is less stable and the curl does not last very long.

Soft alkaline permanent - a gentle solution, when used, the hair also receives a protein course of treatment, due to which the hair structure improves and the curl becomes more durable. Has no smell. Disadvantage: It often causes allergies.

Gel-like product for permanent - used for curling the roots of short hair, for example, curling the temporal zones in men's hair short haircuts. To do this, use a comb, not bobbins.

Foam permanent - the most harmless preparation for hair curling. It is so soft that the result is hair with volume and virtually no frizz. As mentioned above, great importance when perm is given fasteners which have oxidizing properties. Such preparations must contain hydrogen peroxide, but not more than 3%. Fixators perform the final operation in the hair curling procedure, ensure stabilization of the resulting curl, and return the internal structure of the hair to its previous state. Fixatives can be of the following type and consistency:

• concentrated fixatives(they are diluted with water in a ratio of one to one, their packaging bears the inscription “1+1”),
• non-concentrated fixative(ready to eat),
• foam solution(it is foamed with a sponge and applied to the hair, but it must be remembered that in this case it is the foam that “works”)
• non-foam solution(it is applied from the spout of the bottle separately to each bobbin).

Perm stages

Ideally, “chemistry” is best done in a hairdressing salon experienced craftsman, but if you want to perm yourself, then strictly follow the instructions. First of all, you need to carefully examine the scalp and find out if there are any inflammations, scratches or abrasions on the scalp. If so, then with Before You should wait until the skin heals. Perm should be performed in the following sequence:

1. Wash your hair with shampoo, squeeze out the moisture and dry with a towel.
2. Determine the method of applying the chemical to the hair.
3. Curl your hair into bobbins.
4. Soak your hair with the chemical composition.
5. Put on an insulating cap (option: cover your head with polyethylene, wrap it in a towel).
6. Record the start time of exposure on the clock.
7. Check the quality of the curl.
8. Rinse off the drug, without removing the bobbins, with running warm water for 5-7 minutes.
9. Apply the fixative for the first time for 5-8 minutes.
10. Remove the bobbins.
11. Apply the fixative a second time for 5 minutes.
12. Rinse the fixative with running water and squeeze out the water.
13. Rinse your hair with an acidic solution to neutralize the fixer.
14. Dry your hair with a towel.
15. Apply a medicinal product to restore hair structure.

When performing these procedures there are several important points, which you should definitely pay attention to and in no case neglect them.

Determining the condition of hair and scalp before curling

As mentioned above, if there is any damage to the skin on the head, perm better to reschedule. You also need to check if you have allergic reaction for drugs. It appears most quickly on the thin, delicate skin behind the ear. To check, you need to apply the composition with a cotton swab to the skin and after 10-15 minutes it will be clear whether there is an allergy or not (redness, rash, itching may appear).

You need to be especially careful with blonde (bleached) hair. If, after immersion in curling lotion, they do not break, but lose their original appearance, the composition must be diluted with water in a one-to-one ratio.

Choosing a curling composition

It is very important to assess the condition of the hair and make right choice appropriate drug, since the degree of effect of different drugs differs from each other. First of all, we need to determine hair structure .

Let us remind you that hair can be soft, medium, or hard.

How to determine this?

If your hair feels soft and limp to the touch, then you have soft hair; if it is coarse and thick, it means it’s coarse; and if it’s neither, then you have normal hair. Then it is determined hair quality - thin, thick or normal. As a rule, hair structure and its quality are closely interrelated. If your hair is soft, it means it is thin. Blondes are more likely to have this type of hair, while brunettes are more likely to have thick, thick hair. In addition, it is very important type of previous hair treatment - dyed, bleached, with permanent residue, untreated. The fact is that the previous method of processing hair increases its porosity; it can also increase under the influence of sunlight, salt water, and hot air. In these cases, it is necessary to select the optimal chemical composition and means of protection, and in case of severe damage to the hair structure, it is better to carry out preliminary treatment. There are several permanent rules for damaged hair:

• when curling the roots that have grown after the perm, you should try not to apply the composition to previously curled hair;
• For heavily bleached hair and a large percentage of highlighted (partially dyed) strands, hair protection products must be used to even out the structure of dyed and sectioned hair and ensure uniformity hair To do this, use a weak solution of hydrogen peroxide. At this moment, the swelling of the hair stops, and it begins to return to its natural state: the previous connections inside the hair are restored, the keratin acquires its original strength and elasticity, and the scales close. This stage should be given great importance: if the fixation is done incorrectly, then the perm will turn out to be fragile. During. Keep in mind that every company that produces formulations for hair To do this, use a weak solution of hydrogen peroxide. At this moment, the swelling of the hair stops, and it begins to return to its natural state: the previous connections inside the hair are restored, the keratin acquires its original strength and elasticity, and the scales close. This stage should be given great importance: if the fixation is done incorrectly, then the perm will turn out to be fragile. During, usually offers several types of drugs:
• for healthy, previously untreated, difficult-to-treat hair,
• For normal hair,
• for porous hair that has previously been exposed to oxidizing agents,
• for blond and highlighted hair.

Having chosen a composition, you must strictly adhere to the instructions for use, since there may be differences not only between drugs from different companies, but also between the next generation of the composition from the same company.

Hair washing

There is a rule: perm Performed only on clean hair! Therefore, before curling, you must wash them, regardless of when you did it. last time. This will slightly open the scales, which will speed up the penetration of the curling composition into the hair. The hair is washed once, and the scalp does not need to be massaged in order to preserve the fat layer on it, which will protect it from excessive exposure to acids and alkalis. After drying your hair with a towel, comb it, but neither before nor after washing should you use a hair brush, so as not to damage the cuticle (the top layer of hair).

Curling hair with bobbins

Depending on the hair type, bobbins are chosen. If hair is coarse and elastic, they are wound in thin strands onto large bobbins. Medium-bodied hair is best curled with medium-sized curlers. Thin hair is wound into small bobbins, separating very thin strands. In this case, the strands must be separated with zigzag partings so that clear parting lines do not form, and the bobbins must be placed in a checkerboard pattern. It must be taken into account that the thickness and width of the strand must correspond to the thickness and length of the bobbin. The process of winding strands of hair onto a bobbin is as follows: the strands are separated from each other with a comb-tail, combed out, pulled perpendicular to the head and wound onto the bobbins. Make sure that the ends of the strands are carefully twisted and do not bristle or stand out from the general mass. The direction of hair curling depends on:

1. on the direction of hair growth (if this is not taken into account, the hair can be broken at the root),
2. from the future hairstyle (it is better to place the bobbins in the direction in which the hair will lie in the future),
3. from a haircut, which can be emphasized using curlers of different diameters.

The angle of tension of the strand can be different: the higher the strand is moved relative to its base, the more magnificent it will be later. If volume at the roots is not required, then the bobbin is placed as low as possible to the base of the strand. The securing elastic should not be tight, pressed into the hair or located close to the roots, so that there are no creases that can lead to hair breakage. The elastic band can be at the top of the curler or placed crosswise. You can also use hairpins to secure your hair - wooden or plastic.

Hair curling methods

Direct method. The hair is first moistened with the composition and then curled: first from the lower part of the back of the head, since this is the coldest zone and the healthiest hair grows there. To get an even curl, you need to curl your hair very quickly. They are pre-wetted in the composition, then, after winding, they are impregnated with it two more times. Indirect method. Wet hair is rolled into curlers and then moistened with a curling solution, and as it dries, it is moistened with a spray bottle. Winding is done in any sequence. This method is most preferable, since wet hair absorbs the solution faster and better retains its original structure. Mixed method. It is used for hair longer than 20 cm. Before curling, only the ends of the hair should be moistened with the composition, retreating 2/3 from the roots. In this way, the bobbins are wound around the entire head, and then all the hair is wetted. According to the way the bobbins are placed on the head, the curl is divided into horizontal and vertical. At horizontal way the hair is wound onto a bobbin located horizontally in relation to the base of the strand, from the end of the strand to its base. The disadvantage of this method is that a high-quality curl is obtained only on the first revolutions of the bobbin, then it weakens due to the increase in the diameter of the bobbin with each revolution. At vertical way the hair is wound in the reverse order - from the roots of the hair to its ends - and the bobbin is located vertically on the head. The main advantage of this type of curling is that the curl is uniform along the entire length of the strand. But at the same time, the hair does not come into contact with the head and there is not always enough internal heat for the curling process. One more note: if the hair has been permed several times and the ends of the hair are completely lifeless, then you can wrap the ends of the hair in paper. In this case, the ends will not suffer so much.

Applying the curling compound

When all the hair is twisted into bobbins, the composition is applied to each bobbin from above and below with a brush. This must be done quickly and evenly. You cannot apply a very large amount of the composition at once, since the upper layers of the hair, having absorbed too much moisture, will swell and will not allow the composition to pass into the lower layers, which will remain uncurled; in addition, the composition may begin to flow off, which is not always pleasant. The first time you need to apply the composition very sparingly. The second time you can apply a little more. And the third time it is applied until the liquid stops being absorbed. In this case, you cannot save the composition or fixative, since the hair must be soaked very well. Before applying the composition, the scalp along the hairline should be lubricated. protective cream, and tie a rolled-up napkin around your head. After impregnation of the hair with the composition, the tourniquet is removed. After the hair is evenly moistened, a warming cap is very carefully placed on the head, being careful not to move the bobbins. To preserve heat, the cap must be tightly secured, otherwise the curling process will be lengthened.

Exposure time

The holding time is always individual, on average from 10 to 30 minutes, as it depends on the structure of the hair and the desire to have a curl of one or another elasticity. To determine it, it is necessary to untwist the strands in different parts of the head during the curling process. (It's important to remember to twist the strands back!) A sign of a good curl is a bouncy and moist curl. After rinsing and fixing, the degree of curl in the hair will increase slightly, and if the exposure time is too short, the curl will not have time to form completely and will be short-lived; if exposed to the curling composition for too long, the hair can be severely damaged.

Rinse

Without removing the bobbins, you need to rinse your hair very thoroughly in the shower. Rinse time depends on hair length. So hair up to 10 cm in length is washed for at least 1 minute, 10-20 cm - 2 minutes or more, and hair longer than 20 cm must be washed for at least 3 minutes.

Fixation

Bottom line hair To do this, use a weak solution of hydrogen peroxide. At this moment, the swelling of the hair stops, and it begins to return to its natural state: the previous connections inside the hair are restored, the keratin acquires its original strength and elasticity, and the scales close. This stage should be given great importance: if the fixation is done incorrectly, then the perm will turn out to be fragile. During depends on proper fixation, which restores the damaged hair structure. If the fixation is done superficially, the molecular bonds of the hair will remain partially split and the hair will be inelastic. After thoroughly washing your hair and patting it with a towel, apply the fixative.

The holding time is determined according to the following table:

After applying the fixative and the required holding time, the bobbins are carefully removed, trying not to pull back the curl. Then the fixative is applied again. After re-fixation, the hair is thoroughly washed and treated with a preparation to neutralize and stabilize.

At the final stage, a biological fixative is applied, which instantly strengthens the hair keratin, makes the hair elastic, and affects the duration of preservation. hair To do this, use a weak solution of hydrogen peroxide. At this moment, the swelling of the hair stops, and it begins to return to its natural state: the previous connections inside the hair are restored, the keratin acquires its original strength and elasticity, and the scales close. This stage should be given great importance: if the fixation is done incorrectly, then the perm will turn out to be fragile. During and elasticity of curls. After thoroughly washing your hair after fixing, you need to blot it with a towel and apply the product evenly to it. After 3 minutes, the hair is thoroughly washed again. After this, you can use a rinse balm, which will restore the natural acid pH of the hair and scalp and make combing easier.

Hair care after perm

It takes at least 48 hours for the hair keratin to strengthen. Therefore, it is advisable not to dry or blow-dry your hair during this time, or curl it with curlers. For hair care with Before there are rules:

• You need to wash your hair only with special shampoos, and also use special hair balms with Before.
• If your hair is very dry, you should carry out intensive treatment that will restore the hair structure: you can use medicinal products, masks for weakened hair. The course of treatment is at least 10 sessions.
• After every 3-4 hair washes, it is advisable to use medicinal preparations, and for long hair, a preparation for the ends of the hair is necessary, because they will become drier after curling.
• In order for the “chemistry” to last as long as possible, you should not pull your hair while it is wet or twist it with a towel. You can comb them only with a sparse comb, and immediately shape them with your hands. Don't go to bed with a wet head.
• It is necessary to protect your hair from exposure to direct sunlight, salt and cold water, and in the summer to protect it with special preparations with ultraviolet protection.
• Laying is done in a more gentle way. It is important not to overdry your hair or damage it with backcombing. For styling you should use a nourishing foam balm.

And after all these manipulations, you can finally enjoy the result. The efforts of the home hairdresser will not be in vain: with Before morning styling becomes easier, because the hair has become more pliable and soft, holds its shape better and makes it possible to try many different hairstyles.

Manufactured hair perm products must meet the following requirements:

• ensure the preservation of the curl for at least 3 months, even in the case of a haircut;
• do not change the original hair color;
• easy to wash off hair with warm water;
• contain surfactants (surfactants) that provide good wetting and impregnation of the hair;
• do not have an allergic or irritating effect on the skin and mucous membrane; have a perfume scent (not strong).

The basis of almost all currently produced hair perm preparations are organothio compounds and their derivatives. Most recipes for foreign preparations for perm contain thioglycolic acid CH 2 - S - HCOOH.

Thioglycolic acid has reducing properties. Compounds belonging to the organothio group make it possible to influence the shape of the hair even at normal human body temperature. This, obviously, can explain the fact that organothio compounds are included in almost all preparations for perm. The major disadvantages of these compounds include the following:

• due to the release of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan in the air, they have a sharp, unpleasant odor;
• are toxic and can cause painful phenomena - headaches, general malaise, decrease in the content of white blood cells, etc.

When studying the effect of a solution of thioglycolic acid on the human body when used in hairdressing, cases of diseases were noted in persons preparing solutions of thioglycolic acid: a decrease in the content of white blood cells, platelets, headaches, general weakness and malaise, gastrointestinal disorders, disruption of work kidney In addition, when working with solutions of thioglycolic acid, skin diseases were also observed: redness and dryness, cracks, dermatitis, sometimes blistering rash, itching, eczema, urticaria and nail damage. Such diseases can occur both in the hairdresser and in people who independently use such compositions.

As protective equipment for hairdressers, various bactericidal ointments, biological protective preparations, coating of nails with varnish, reducing the time of contact with harmful solutions and the use of gauze masks when working are recommended. It is not recommended to neglect protective equipment. Skillful and correct use of them significantly protects the hairdresser from direct contact with harmful compounds and from their vapors. So, when winding hair onto bobbins, you should use rubber gloves. Having acquired the skill of working with gloves, you can perform this operation at the same speed as without gloves.

The following preparations are used for chemical hair perm in hairdressing salons: "Londa" and "Mintox" (GDR), "Lokon" and "Zavitol" (USSR). In terms of the chemical composition and degree of impact on hair, “Londa” is close to “Lokon”, and “Zavitol” is close to “Mintox”. The similarity between the preparations "Londa" and "Lokon" is explained by the fact that they are prepared on the same basis. The percentage of the main component - thioglycolic acid - in the preparations "Londa" and "Lokon" is about 6.5%.

At the Central Research Institute consumer services Tests were carried out on the effects of various chemical perm preparations on hair. Hair strands 12 cm long of the same structure, normal structure, and medium hardness were taken. The test results were assessed by reducing the length of the strand after curling due to the formation of artificial

waviness due to the effects of drugs on the hair. In addition to the perm preparations listed above, the French preparation “Permabel” was used during testing. The exposure time of the drugs on the hair was 10, 20 and 30 minutes. The results of the tests are presented in table. 1.

The table shows that the degree of impact of various drugs on hair is different, all other things being equal. When treating hair with Londa, after 10 minutes the length of the strand is reduced by 40%. When held for 20 minutes, the greatest reduction in strand length was observed - by 50% of the original length. When held for 30 minutes, the degree of curl of the strand decreased to 33% of the original length. This can be explained by the loss of the necessary elasticity in the hair as a result of a decrease in internal stresses in the keratin under the influence of the drug. Excessive exposure time has a harmful effect on the hair - it stretches even under its own weight. Thus, we can conclude that when curling hair with Londa, the exposure time should not exceed 20 minutes. This time can be increased only after the hairdresser checks the degree of curl of the hair. To do this, you need to remove the cap after 15 - 20 minutes and check three or four curls. Only after this can the exposure time be increased.

As can be seen from the table, the test results for the drugs “Lokon” and “Londa” are almost similar, therefore all recommendations for the use of the drug “Londa” also apply to “Lokon”.

The French drug "Permabel" is less effective on hair. This is explained by the lower content of thioglycolic acid in it (about 3%). When the hair was exposed to the drug "Permabel", even after 30 minutes the hair did not lose its elasticity. Therefore, for this drug, 30 minutes of exposure are not critical. To achieve the same results in hair curling that can be obtained by treating hair with “Londa” and “Lokon”, the holding time for the drug “Permabel” should be 30 - 40 minutes.

The perm preparation "Mintox" has an even weaker effect on hair keratin, due to the fact that it does not contain thioglycolic acid. It consists mainly of the salts sodium sulfite (Na2SO 3) and sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3). Similar to the drug "Mintox" is the domestic drug "Zavitol", which also does not contain thioglycolic acid. When the hair is exposed to the drug "Mintox" for 10 minutes, the hair strand is shortened by only 7%, after 20 minutes - by 17% of the original length. With a further increase in exposure time, the length of the hair strand does not change.

The perm preparation "Zavitol", like "Mintox", does not contain organothio compounds. The basis for this drug is sodium sulfide with a small addition of glucose, glycerin, pine extract and perfume. The absence of thioglycolic acid in the Zavitol formulation is a positive factor, despite the fact that it has a weaker effect on hair. "Zavitol" is much cheaper than all the drugs used and, in addition, is non-toxic. Like "Lokon" and "Londa", the drug "Zavitol" is used mainly for curling dyed and bleached hair. It can be used for curling and undyed hair. However, in this case it is not possible to get an equally good curl on all hair types. On hair that has not been dyed, it gives only a soft natural wave.

When perming hair, the composition, which acts as a reducing agent, acts on the keratin of the hair, breaking the cystine bond - S - S, which leads to damage to protein fibers and leads to loss of elasticity in the hair.

A protein, which is a compound with peptide bonds - CO - NH -, is a polycondensate of amino acids. Polypeptide chains of protein in general view can be expressed by the following scheme:

This compound, under the action of reducing agents, decomposes at the site of the cystine bond - S - S:

Once this bond is broken, the hair gains the ability to easily take on the shape given to it. They become plastic, and their ability to withstand physical and chemical influences drops sharply. When exposed to low concentrations of oxidizing agents, the cystine bond - S - S is restored, and the hair again acquires elasticity properties. However, due to the hydrolysis of keratin amino acids when exposed to perm preparations, some of the hair substance goes into solution, which entails a decrease in their mass. Consequently, when perming preparations act on hair, both reversible and irreversible processes occur. Reversible processes include the rupture and restoration of the cystine bond - S - S of hair keratin; irreversible processes include a decrease in hair mass due to hydrolysis of keratin amino acids.

Thus, when chemicals for curling interact with hair, chemical reactions occur, as a result of which the hair acquires the ability to maintain its shape.

A very important characteristic is the pH value of the drug used for perming hair. The higher the pH of the composition, the stronger its effect on the hair. When they are exposed to compositions of high concentrations, they swell the faster, the higher the concentration of the composition. Increasing the pH of the medium, i.e. alkaline composition, above 12 is unacceptable in hairdressing practice. With such a high pH value, not only the destruction of cystine bonds can occur, but also complete hydrolysis of the amino acids of hair keratin. When treating hair with such strong compounds, the duration of exposure and increased temperature are especially harmful. That's why most chemical compositions for curling and coloring hair has a pH of 9 - 11.

The Central Research Institute of Consumer Services also conducted studies to determine the degree of damage to hair as a result of exposure to various perm preparations. The degree of hair damage was determined using the following method: 50 ml of curling preparations were poured into a flask, heated to 50 °C and 0.5 g of hair was added there. The contents of the flask were mixed well and kept in a thermostat at a constant temperature of 50°C for 60 minutes. Then the solution was filtered and neutralized with a 5% acetic acid solution, washed with water and dried to constant weight at 105°C.

The degree of hair damage was determined by the weight loss of the sample. The research results are presented in table. 2.

From consideration of the data given in the table, we can conclude that the degree of damage to hair when exposed to perm preparations depends on the properties of these preparations. Consequently, a drug that curls hair in an extremely short time can cause the greatest damage to hair, all other things being equal.

Particular care must be taken when working with the most concentrated preparations "Lokon" and "Londa", since the likelihood of damage when treating hair with them is greatest.

Beautiful wavy locks have always been the pride of a woman. But what to do if nature has not endowed the lady with delightful curls? Nowadays, nothing is impossible, and in order to make your hair curly, you can use perm. The procedure can be done both in the salon and at home. How to make it at home will be discussed further.

About perm

How to do a perm at home? There is nothing complicated about this, just follow the instructions described below.

It is a difficult procedure and allows you to temporarily become the owner of curly hair. This styling helps you always look well-groomed. You can actually get a perm without leaving your home. Before carrying out this procedure, it should be borne in mind that even the most gentle products harm the hair and completely change its structure.

Types of hair curling

There are several types of hair perm, these are:

• Acidic. Provides long-lasting effect and reliable fixation. Suitable for any type of hair. Severely damages curls. After it is carried out, a number of restorative procedures are required.
• Alkaline. This is a softer type of curl than an acidic one. Helps create the effect of natural curls. Lasts a long time, but is not suitable for all hair.
• Neutral. It is the most gentle method. Helps create wavy curls along the entire length, regardless of their condition and type.
• Amino acid. Suitable for owners of weakened and fragile strands. It not only curls curls, but also nourishes them with proteins and amino acids during the procedure.

Professional stylists come up with new ways to achieve curly hair every day, but despite this, many women wonder how to perm themselves at home.

Preparatory stage

Before you do a perm at home, you need to prepare for it. Twenty days before the event you cannot dye your hair. It would be a good idea to conduct a drug sensitivity test before perming. To do this, apply a little product behind the ear and wait a day. If no allergic reaction occurs, the product can be used; conversely, if there is irritation or rash, it is better to stop using the drug.

Before this event, you should see how the chemical reagent will act on your hair. To do this, a small curl is treated with a curling compound. If after a couple of minutes the strand breaks, then the concentration of the solution is halved. The procedure is repeated on another strand. If your hair still breaks, then you need to give up perm and pay attention to restoring and strengthening your hair.

All products for this event must match your hair type. For long bobbins, choose a larger diameter, for short ones - a smaller one. Be sure to evaluate the condition of your hair before curling. Weak strands should not be subjected to such an event.

Before the procedure, the curls are moisturized, which improves absorption chemical solution, reduces the exposure time of the product, makes the curl more natural and less damaging to the curls.

Tools for work

Before you do a perm at home with “Lokon”, you need to prepare your tools. For the procedure you will need:

• a comb with sparse teeth and a pointed end;
• curlers with a lock or bobbins of the required diameter, about 50-80 pieces;
• non-metallic containers;
• foam sponges;
• plastic clips;
• beaker;
• gloves and headband;
• cellophane cap;
• two towels.

To create curls, you can use not only “Lokon”, but also ready-made perm kits.

In addition to tools, you will need citric acid or vinegar in a concentration of 6% or 9%, shampoo, restoring balm, which is applied to the hair after “chemistry”, nutritious cream or Vaseline.

Stages of curling "Curl"

To learn how to do a perm at home with Lokon, you need to carefully read the instructions for the product. Perm with this product is divided into three stages: perm, neutralization and fixation.
Each step of this procedure has its own characteristics and is necessary to achieve beautiful curly strands.

Carrying out curling with “Curl”

How to do a perm at home (a photo of the result of the procedure can be seen below) will be discussed further. To carry out the procedure you should:

• Divide your hair into several parts. Each strand is processed by “Lokon”, combed and wound onto bobbins (curlers). After all the hair is curled, it is covered with a plastic cap and towel. From this moment the curling time is counted.
• The exposure period is different for all hair. On soft strands the drug is kept for up to 20 minutes, on hair normal type- up to 16-18 minutes, on hard curls - no more than 10-12 minutes.
• After the specified time has passed, you should unfold several curls in different parts of the head and look at the degree of curl. If a curl is not formed, then the strand is wound again on curlers. The next curl control is carried out after five minutes. This is done until the curl takes the desired shape. The maximum exposure time for “Curl” on the hair is 45 minutes.
• After the curls are formed, the curling agent is washed off without removing the curlers or bobbins, being careful not to mix the strands with each other. A towel is applied to the hair to collect remaining moisture.

After curling the strands, they proceed to the stage of neutralizing the chemical substance.

Carrying out neutralization

To carry out neutralization you need:

• Dissolve a third of a teaspoon of lemon in a fourth of a glass of water. Grind 4 tablets of hydroperite to a powdery state and add them to the solution from citric acid. Add another quarter glass of water and half a teaspoon of shampoo here. That's all - the neutralization composition is ready.
• Each strand is generously moistened with a neutralizer. The procedure is carried out twice, spending exactly half of the prepared solution on the hair. After treatment, leave the hair for ten minutes.
• After the specified time, the curls are freed from the curlers and moistened with the remaining solution. Leave the neutralizer for another five minutes.

To fix curls, you can replace hydroperite with perhydrol. Here, half a teaspoon of lemon is diluted in a quarter glass of water and 1.5 teaspoons of perhydrol are added there. Add another ½ cup of water to the resulting mixture. The consumption of the neutralizing agent is affected by the length and thickness of the scalp. The prepared composition must be used immediately and cannot be stored.

Fixation procedure

In order to consolidate the result, a third of a teaspoon of lemon is dissolved in a liter boiled water and thoroughly rinse your hair with this solution. This operation is repeated 3-4 times. After this treatment, the hair is soft and pliable; all that remains is to comb and style it.

If the curls are very discolored, then the volume of water in the solution should be increased to two liters, the proportion of citric acid does not change.

It’s not difficult to do a “Lokon” perm at home; you just need to follow the instructions given above. All stages of the procedure must be performed sequentially.

Some ladies are interested in how to perm long hair at home using the “Curl” method. The procedure in this case is performed in exactly the same way as on strands of medium and short length. The only thing is that the curling options may be different. Here you can wind the curlers not along the entire length of the hair, but from the middle, or curl the hair only on the lower part.

How to do a perm at home without “Curl”?

You can do a perm at home without “Lokon” by purchasing ready-made kits for this event at a professional cosmetics store. The procedure includes the following steps:

• Before curling, you should wash your hair without conditioner or conditioner.
• Dry the strands slightly with a towel.
• Curl your hair in curlers, starting from the back of your head.
• Lubricate the skin around the head with Vaseline along the hairline.
• Apply curling agent. If you need soft curls, leave for 10 minutes; for strong curls, it takes half an hour.
• Put on a cap and wrap your hair with a towel.
• Check the curl by untwisting several curls: if the result is satisfactory, then wash off the product, and if the strand is not curled enough, wait another 5-10 minutes.
• Next, the hair is treated with a fixative. Leave for 10 minutes, remove the curlers and apply the remaining part of the fixative to the curls again. After 5 minutes, the hair is washed with water.
• The curls are rinsed with water and vinegar.
• A restorative agent is applied.

Before you perm yourself at home, you should carefully study the instructions for the finished kit. The curling agent is kept on average for 25 minutes on coarse hair, 20 minutes on medium hair and 15 minutes on fine hair.

Contraindications

Before you do a perm at home yourself, you need to take into account the skin’s tendency to allergies. In addition, the procedure is not performed on weakened and damaged strands or with alopecia. It is forbidden to do “chemistry” to women with bleached hair, as well as to blondes.

Perm is not carried out during the menstrual cycle and a few days after its end. It should not be given to pregnant or lactating women, or if a person is taking strong hormonal drugs. Do not resort to the procedure for colds and infectious diseases.

Basic Rules

Perming strands at home requires special attention. When carrying out this procedure, you should adhere to the following rules:

• If the curls were treated with a reducing agent, then the perm is done when they are completely cut off.
• “Chemistry” is done only when the previous perm has completely disappeared from the hair.
• Metal products should not be used during the procedure.
• To avoid damaging the skin of the hands and the nail plate, the procedure is carried out using rubber gloves.
• If the drug gets into your eyes, they should be rinsed immediately with water.
• To speed up the formation of curls, you cannot use a hair dryer, as this will increase the degree of injury to the hair.
• If there is damage to skin head (abrasions, wounds) the procedure is not performed.

Compliance with the above rules will help you avoid unwanted consequences and achieve the desired result.

About caring procedures

Even a correctly performed procedure using the most gentle preparations can cause damage to the hair. Therefore, special attention should be paid to hair after “chemistry”:

• actively use special restorative agents;
• Do not use a hair dryer for several days after curling and comb your curls as little as possible;
• do nourishing masks at least once a week and for at least 10 sessions;
• Strands should be protected from exposure to ultraviolet rays;
• You can dye your scalp only a couple of weeks after the “chemistry”;
• To an aggressive method of gaining curls, you should prefer a more gentle one, for example, bio-perm.

A perm done at home looks no worse than a salon perm. The main thing is not to rush and follow the sequence of all actions.

Curling without curling irons or curlers

Next we will talk about how to do a perm at home without curlers and curling irons. These devices can successfully replace cotton rags. For this unnecessary thing cut into strips, the width of which for large curls is about 8 cm, for small ones - 3 cm.

Paper papillots will also help save the situation. To do this, cut out narrow strips from polished paper, twist them into tubes, and secure the end with tape. The strands on them are arranged in a spiral from top to bottom. The tube is twisted into a ring and secured with a bobby pin or hairpin. This type of curling helps to get large and tight curls.

Braids can help replace curlers and curling irons. With their help you can give your hair the desired volume and waviness. Braids are braided on damp, clean strands. The more braids, the smaller the curls will be. Similar manipulations are done at night, and the hair should be slightly dried with a hairdryer before going to bed.

There are many more ways to curl without curling irons or curlers. They cause less damage to the hair, and the result is quite decent.

How to do a perm at home on short hair, medium and long, was written above. From this we can conclude that the procedure does not cause any particular difficulties for women, and the effect is no different from the salon one.