So we didn't know, although we saw it, and decided to write about it to you too :)
Surely you have such handkerchiefs or tablecloths or mother's-grandmother's collars lying around:
So, guilloche(eng. guilloche) in needlework means trimming products with openwork lace and making appliques by burning with the help of a special apparatus (by the way, you can do it yourself;)
The most interesting thing is that this technique comes from Russia, Zinaida Petrovna Kotenkova invented and patented this type of fabric processing in the 80s. Zinaida Petrovna traveled around Rasseya-mother and taught the craftswomen to burn beautifully, worked with Vyacheslav Zaitsev, and received a letter of thanks from Annie Burda.
A similar technique existed in Germany in the 70s. XIX century. and was called pyrotechnics.
The basis of slotted openwork burning is the cutting of through holes of various configurations, shapes and sizes with a hot needle. It is this method that underlies the manufacture of many different openwork things. Craftswomen advise to start mastering guilloche best of all with slot-through burning, as it resembles drawing a variety of figures with a pencil or pen, which is familiar to everyone from childhood.
Burning on fabric is burning holes of various shapes, therefore, the lines of the drawing should not intersect in any case. Otherwise, a hole will form on the product at the intersection of the drawing lines. Also, in the burning technique, it is impossible to make a continuous long line, since in this case a long cut is formed on the product, but smooth rather long lines are often found in the drawings. In the technique of burning, they can be indicated by strokes or dots.
The eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing!
To work you need:
1. Fabric:
only synthetic fabrics are suitable: satin, nylon, nylon, raincoat fabrics, crimplen, fabrics with lurex, rayon, thin and dense knitwear, velvet, panne, etc. These fabrics do not burn under the action of a hot needle, but melt and become sticky ...
By the way, be careful if you have an allergy, as synthetics give off a smell and fumes when burned out.
2. Sketch:
ready-made or to make a drawing yourself, on thick paper, preferably on a Whatman paper, with a dark felt-tip pen or marker.
You can take drawings for cutwork, drawings from children's coloring books, vytynanki ...
3. Burning apparatus:
It looks like this, you can buy it, or make it yourself;)
4. Copy table, or in the popular way "gozlotron"
In our student days, we used a box with fluorescent lamps, on which we put a sheet of plexiglass ..
5. Ancillary tools:
scissors, cardboard, foil, tweezers with sharp tips (for removing small cut out parts), small pieces of cloth (used to remove carbon deposits from a hot needle) and fine sandpaper or natfel (for sharpening the working tip of a simple needle during its manufacture, as well as cleaning the hot needle from burning).
It seems like everyone :)
We will study at a master class Statsenko Maria from Volgograd, which we kindly borrowed from the website www.osinka.ru
1. We need:
- piece of fabric 20x20cm (made of synthetic fiber);
- a small piece of fabric for ornament;
- a pattern drawn on paper, a coin and a woodburner or a pointed soldering iron.
2. For work we use glass, under which we put a lamp. On the glass we put paper with the image of the ornament and on top of the fabric with the front side to the paper. We cut out with a soldering iron (or a device for burning) the outline of the pattern, which should be transferred to the base.
3. Carefully remove excess fabric. The pattern itself remains on the paper.
4. To remove small unnecessary parts, use a knife to pry them off.
5. On the finished pattern, fixed on the paper, put the base fabric (also with the front side to the paper). With a soldering iron, in some places we "grab" the pattern pointwise. Each point made with a soldering iron must be quickly pressed down with your finger to hold the pattern and fabric together.
6. Now we pry the pattern together with the base with a knife and separate it from the paper. Here is our future pattern transferred to the fabric.
7. Next is the longest process. All lines of the pattern must be cauterized pointwise with a soldering iron, not forgetting to press every 2-3 points with your finger. We translate the pattern in accordance with the drawing. In some places, through holes can be made to give an openwork.
8. Along the outer contour of the drawing, cut off the excess base fabric with a soldering iron.
9. Take a coin and partly draw a contour along the entire perimeter of the handkerchief.
10.Cut out circles in the center of each semicircle. So our handkerchief is ready.
11. Using a similar pattern, you can make a more complex pattern using two layers of fabric in the ornament. To do this, first, a drawing from a translucent organza is translated, grasped with dots, then a drawing from a white fabric is also grabbed and both layers are finally fixed.
Guilloche is a technique of openwork burning on fabric. Various napkins, tablecloths, clothing items and even paintings can be created using the guilloche method. To do this, you need a wood burning device, in which the sting is replaced with a wire needle.
Further work requires: glass, lamp, paper and thin synthetic fabric, satin is best suited. The glass is installed so that a lamp can be installed under it. For this purpose, I use an LCD TV with a damaged matrix, instead of which glass is inserted (perhaps someone will be interested in such a device, it is quite convenient). The drawing is printed on a printer or copied onto a white sheet of paper or whatman paper by hand. It is desirable that the lines of the drawing are clear and thick, if they are thin, then it is worth encircling them with a marker. You can find a suitable drawing on the Internet or come up with your own.
Consider burning on fabric using a napkin as an example (I took the drawing on the Internet):
We turn on the lamp, put paper with a pattern on the glass, put a cloth on top and start burning. You can make both single-layer products, with a pattern, and two-layer, with "gluing" the layers to each other, using a device for burning.
I will cover two-layer napkin creation.
This requires a small piece of plain fabric and colored patches. You can choose the colors according to your taste. I chose gold for the base and center of the flowers, green for the leaves, and red for the flowers themselves.
First, from the scraps with a sting of the burning apparatus, we cut out the elements that will be superimposed on top of the base, flowers and leaves. It is best to iron the fabric and stretch it slightly when burning. Keep in one place, avoiding shifting. The needle of the burner should be guided away from you. You need to cut out the parts along the outer contour, on the inner one, we will talk about it later.
After all the details are cut out, we take the fabric for the base of the napkin and pin it to the paper with the pattern with pins, covering it completely.
With a needle we make light strokes, similar to a droplet, do not hold the needle in place for a long time, otherwise you will get large holes.
Details are superimposed on the base according to the picture. When all the leaves are attached to the base, proceed to the flowers. Also, according to the drawing, we apply it to the base and "solder" it using the same method, hiding the tails of the leaves. In this napkin, the flowers are divided into two parts. Most will be overlaid with the right side, and the small part with the wrong side. This will create an interesting color effect.
When all the elements are "soldered" to the base, we begin to pass the same "droplets" along the inner contour and the rest of the lines on the flowers and leaves.
Guilloche (burning on fabric)- handicraft technique, implying finishing of products with openwork lace and making applications by burning with the help of a special apparatus.
The technique of burning on silk (or, more precisely, etching patterns on silk) has been known for a long time. Fabric with a pattern, obtained by burning (chemical etching) of a part of the fibers, has a separate name "devore". In general, guilloche is an engraving on a special so-called guilloche machine of a pattern in the form of certain combinations of lines. As applied to our method, guilloche means trimming products with openwork lace and making appliqués by burning them out using a special apparatus.
Zinaida Petrovna Kotenkova became the author of the original method of processing fabrics, called "guilloche". The method was first developed in the 1980s in Rybinsk, and in 1990 an inventor's certificate was obtained. Zinaida Kotenkova collaborated with fashion designer Vyacheslav Zaitsev, and also received a letter of gratitude from Anne Burda, founder of Burda Moden magazine.
Guilloche has become popular in Russia and abroad. It can be used to make products using applications: napkins, panels, bookmarks, postcards, notebooks, cutwork lace products, etc.
Only synthetic fabrics are suitable for guilloche, since they do not burn when heated, but melt and become sticky: satin, nylon, nylon, raincoat fabrics, crimplen, fabrics with lurex, artificial silk, thin and dense knitwear, velvet, panne, etc. e. Guilloche tool is a wood burning machine or a soldering iron with minor modifications.
Silk is widely used in guilloche along with synthetic fabrics. It has excellent stickiness, which is so important for creating interesting artwork.
This is a rare type of decorative and applied art, fraught with great opportunities. Openwork collars and handkerchiefs, napkins and curtains made using the new technology will decorate the world around you.
Guilloche (burning on fabric) is a modern and exciting type of needlework. Its advantage is that it takes much less time to make an item than an item made using the embroidery technique. A round napkin with a diameter of 15–20 cm or a medium collar can be completed in 1.5–2 hours.
Burnout on the fabric is based on the property of fabrics made of chemical fibers - to melt and stick together under the influence of high temperature.
In Germany in the 70s. XIX century. the manual technique of burning on fabric was called pyrotechnics. Thanks to the originality, sophistication and uniqueness of artistic fabric burning, many craftswomen have mastered it. Guilloche is popular both in Russia and abroad. Children from the age of six also learn the basics of this art.
Quickly enough, the fabric burning technique spread throughout the country and, although it was protected by the copyright certificate, in different cities, individual craftswomen took upon themselves the responsibility of the primary source.
Guilloche possibilities are very wide. With the help of a hot needle, you can create magnificent products using applique: napkins, decorative panels, bookmarks for books, postcards, notebooks, as well as cutwork lace products: collars, scarves, etc.
Literature
- Kotenkova Z. P. Burnout on the fabric. Products in the technique of guilloche .. - M .: "Development Academy", 2002. - ISBN 5-928-50258-3
- Goryainova O. V. Guilloche, or tissue burning. - R.-na-D .: "Phoenix", 2006. - ISBN 5-222-09174-0
- Smotrova N. A... Burnout on the fabric. Guilloche - St. Petersburg 1999.
Recently, carved elements on fabric have become fashionable. Perforated patterns are used to decorate the edges of collars, sleeves, and hem of dresses. You, too, can follow fashion trends by learning about guilloche - the technique of artistic fabric carving - and transforming old things with it.
History of creativity
Guilloche as a form of creativity was recognized relatively recently - only in the middle of the twentieth century. Zinaida Kotenkova, a Russian needlewoman from Rybinsk, developed her own method of burning on fabric only in the 1980s.
The method consists of using a special soldering iron or burning tool to cut patterns on fabric or glue pieces of fabric to form an appliqué.
In 1990, Zinaida issued a copyright certificate confirming the innovation of her creative idea, which can be used to create a variety of products: tablecloths and napkins, bookmarks and panels, decorations for postcards and notebook covers.
The finished pattern resembles work done by satin stitch embroidery using the cutwork technique.
Tools
Guilloche is based on the use of hot objects - cutters or heaters. For beginners, it is enough to have a soldering iron with a pointed working end on hand.
But if you want to learn how to cut intricate ornate patterns, get a special woodburner. Stock up on a variety of attachments - with thin, rounded and wide tips - to help you complete drawings of any complexity.
Choose a voltage controlled cutter to handle both heavyweight and lightweight fabrics. In addition, with reduced voltage, you can not only cut patterns, but also melt the fabric to glue the mosaic elements together.
It is convenient to maintain the cutter by sharpening the needle every time it becomes dull with ordinary sandpaper.
In addition, guilloche will require you to have standard tools used in creativity: scissors, tweezers - for more convenient movement of small parts, glue, stencils and diagrams.
And don't forget about safety precautions: guilloche is based on working with high temperatures. Make sure that the hot surfaces of the tool do not come into contact with bare skin, hair, nails.
Working materials
The trick of this type of needlework is that the work is done only on synthetic fabrics. They do not burn like natural ones, but begin to melt, thanks to which a heated piece of cloth can be cut off or glued.
Most often, needlewomen use the following materials:
- Nylon - the material is perfect both for the base and for the manufacture of finishing parts. This group includes synthetic satin, tricotin, crimplen, corrugated dense brocade.
- Nylon tapes - with their help, the pattern is diluted with bright spots. Thanks to the wide color palette of this material, you can create tint transitions.
In addition, guilloche accepts the use of artificial silk, lurex, nylon, artificial velvet, chiffon.
Check the fabric properties before starting work. Take a small piece and light it to see if the material melts or burns, if the working needle leaves fumes and soot on it.
Don't forget about additional work materials. For example, it is easy to form templates for future parts from cardboard and foil. Buttons, beads and beadwork are perfect for decorating a finished piece.
DIY paintings
To better remember what guilloche is, try to make a beautiful painting out of matter yourself with your own hands. You will need lightweight synthetic fabric, paper, a lamp, and glass.
With the help of this master class, you will learn how to guilloche two layers of fabric by gluing patches of auxiliary fabric onto the main fabric.
- Print a drawing of your future painting on a piece of paper. Make sure it has a thick outline.
- Install the glass so that you can place the illuminating lamp under it. For example, glass can be placed on 2 supports, and a lamp can be placed under it.
- Choose the fabrics from which you will create the picture. Choose light-colored materials as a basis - bright colors will look better on them.
- Place the printed stencil sheet on the glass illuminated from below. Lay the fabric from which you plan to cut small parts on top. Pass the heated cutter along the outer contour of the picture, cutting out the elements of the picture.
- Try to cut the outline of every detail without lifting your hands from the fabric.
- After all the parts are cut out, lay them out in the field of view so that there is free working space. Attach the base fabric to the stencil with sewing pins and light up with a lamp.
- Begin to glue those parts that will be overlapped by other elements on top. Place the sheet against the base paper and use light, quick movements with the cutter along the outer edge, which resemble stitches from the center to the edge, to connect the elements to the base.
- After you glue all the leaves, start attaching the petals. Do not keep the soldering iron in one place for a long time - you can burn through both the part itself and the base fabric, leaving ugly holes.
- When you have soldered all the parts to the base, you can start working on the inner contour. With the same movements, creating the soldered holes in the form of droplets, go along the inner lines of the drawing.
- Finish finishing - heat the soldering iron a little harder and start cutting out the outline of the napkin. It can be made both smooth and delicate, as in a master class.
Your napkin is ready! The product can be an excellent table decoration or an original gift for a loved one. To turn a napkin into a painting, simply place the item under a glass frame.
Now try to master guilloche in a slightly different technique. This video tutorial will tell you how to create a volumetric brooch in the form of a fabric flower by gluing volumetric petal details.
At first, it may seem that guilloche is a rather laborious process. But you will very quickly get used to working with a miniature soldering iron and start enjoying the process.
Guilloche master class with step-by-step photo "Gerbera"
Sevostyanova Natalya Valerievna teacher of additional education MOAUDOD "TsRTDU" Constellation "Orsk", Orsk, Orenburg region.Designed for: for middle-aged and older schoolchildren, for teachers, parents, educators.
Usage: as a gift, for interior decoration and paintings.
Target: Expansion of knowledge about the techniques of making flowers in the technique of burning on fabric in the classroom of arts and crafts.
Tasks:
- to teach the techniques of working with fabric, new methods of making flowers from fabric;
- develop creativity, imagination, spatial thinking;
- to educate accuracy, aesthetic taste, interest in working with fabric;
- to teach beautifully, aesthetically competently to design the composition, taking into account the shape, size, color.
A little about guilloche
Guilloche (burning on fabric) is a handicraft technique that involves finishing products with openwork lace and making applications by burning out using a special apparatus.
Zinaida Petrovna Kotenkova became the author of the original method of processing fabrics, called "guilloche". The method was first developed in the 1980s in Rybinsk, and in 1990 an inventor's certificate was obtained. Zinaida Kotenkova collaborated with fashion designer Vyacheslav Zaitsev, and also received a letter of gratitude from Anne Burda, founder of Burda Moden magazine.
Guilloche has become popular in Russia and abroad. It can be used to make products using applications: napkins, panels, bookmarks, postcards, notebooks, cutwork lace products, etc.
Only synthetic fabrics are suitable for guilloche, since they do not burn when heated, but melt and become sticky: satin, nylon, nylon, raincoat fabrics, crimplen, fabrics with lurex, artificial silk, thin and dense knitwear, velvet, panne, etc. e. Guilloche tool is a wood burning machine or a soldering iron with minor modifications.
Silk is widely used in guilloche along with synthetic fabrics. It has excellent stickiness, which is so important for creating interesting artwork.
This is a rare type of decorative and applied art, fraught with great opportunities. Openwork collars and handkerchiefs, napkins and curtains made using the new technology will decorate the world around you.
Guilloche (burning on fabric) is a modern and exciting type of needlework. Its advantage is that it takes much less time to make an item than an item made using the embroidery technique. A round napkin with a diameter of 15–20 cm or a medium collar can be completed in 1.5–2 hours.
Burnout on the fabric is based on the property of fabrics made of chemical fibers - to melt and stick together under the influence of high temperature.
Guilloche possibilities are very wide. With the help of a hot needle, you can create magnificent products using applique: napkins, decorative panels, bookmarks for books, postcards, notebooks, as well as cutwork lace products: collars, scarves and, of course, flowers.
Gerbera- Latin Gerbera - the Astrov family.
Gerberas grow in South Africa, Madagascar, as well as in tropical Asia. The beauty and variety of Gerber colors are striking; they can be any color except blue.
Gerberas are grown all over the world as flowering ornamental plants - for cutting, as indoor flowers and as garden plants.
Gerberas were first described in 1737 by the Dutch botanist Jan Gronovius and named after his colleague, the German physician and botanist Traugott Gerber, who studied medicinal plants in Russia and was the director of the Pharmaceutical Garden, later it was named a botanical garden. There is also another version of the origin of the name - from the Latin herba - herb.
Fragile Gerberas brought from distant Africa did not take root in Europe. But in 1878, an unusual flower was found by Scottish gold digger Robert Jameson, which turned out to be a new type of Gerbera.
Breeders started crossing Gerberas and many different species were produced. But the flowers were still very susceptible to disease and died. And only by the middle of the last century, breeders still managed to increase the resistance of plants to diseases and get flowers with large inflorescences of spectacular colors.
Now these amazing flowers delight us with their simplicity, modesty and, at the same time, extraordinary beauty and grace.
The legend of the gerbera
The forest nymph once lived
This beauty was called the coat of arms.
Very beautiful! Delight caused!
Looking at the nymph, the soul blossomed!
I liked everyone and caught only glances,
Suddenly she realized that she needed something else ...
“How tired all this attention,
I would like another recognition!
I will become an inconspicuous and modest flower,
Unassuming, full of joy.
Light, open and for the mood ... "
Became a gerbera ... Transformation has passed.
author Natalia Ushenina
Required materials for manufacturing:
lining fabric for a flower (in our case, pink) - 50X50 cm, crystal fabric in black (green or yellow) for the core of the flower - 5 X 30 cm, crepe satin fabric in green color - 5 X 10 cm, wire for a stem with a diameter of 2 mm, crepe green paper, pliers, PVA glue, burner, glass, iron ruler, scissors, aluminum foil templates, a piece of soap or chalk, a glass vial with a diameter of 2 cm.
We start making a flower with making a core. To do this, we take a black crystal fabric with a width of about 3 - 4 cm and a length of 25 - 30 cm. Since the core of Gerber is both yellow and light green, you can take these colors. We lay the strip on the glass and, using a burner and an iron ruler, cut off the edges of the strip on all sides. On the front side of the strip, draw lines in length, departing from the upper and lower edges by 5 - 7 mm. We put the strip on the glass and with the help of a burner we make a cut using the “Noodles” technique in the middle of our strip, ie. between the drawn lines.
Technique "Noodles". Two horizontal parallel lines are drawn on the fabric at a certain distance. Using an iron ruler and a burner, we connect these two parallel ones, drawing lines perpendicular to them. Each subsequent line is drawn in parallel, below the previous one at a distance of 1 - 2 mm. Thus, we cut along the entire length of the strip to the required size (length).
We fold the resulting strip in half in length, connecting the opposite edges of the strip with a burner every 3 - 4 cm. The core blank is ready.
Bend the top edge of the wire by 5 mm using pliers (if the wire is thinner, fold it in half). Insert the edge of the core blank into the resulting loop and clamp it with pliers.
We twist our workpiece around the wire, fixing it with a burner. Be sure to make sure that the bottom edge of the workpiece lies flat and does not move, forming a "hat"
The edge of the workpiece is well fixed with a burner. With the side of the burner needle, melt the bottom edge of the resulting "cap - core", for strength and so that it does not lose its shape.
The stem with the pith is ready.
We start making inflorescences. Fold the lining fabric in two, lay it on the glass and use a burner and a petal template cut from aluminum foil (petal size 1.5 x 5 cm) to cut out the petals.
We press the template tightly to the fabric and with a burner needle we circle it from all sides, trying not to allow displacement. We hold the burner needle perpendicular to the glass, so the edges will be smooth and beautiful. We remove the template and pry the cut out petal with the edge of the template, remove it from the glass and set it aside. We put the template back on the fabric, placing it as close as possible to the already cut one. Thus, we cut out 40 - 46 petals.
We process the lower edge of the petal. We bend the sides to the center of the petal and fix it with a burner (with a burner needle we put a point on the edge of the petal after the fight, press it with our finger so that the edges stick together)
We process all the petals in this way.
The basis for the inflorescence. Using a coin, cut out a circle with a diameter of 2 cm with a burner. Fold it in half and using a ruler, cut it at an angle from the edge to the center by 2 mm on both sides. Then we turn the part out. The cone-shaped inflorescence base is ready.
We attach the petals to the base. We apply the petal to the base and solder it to the base with a burner, i.e. put a point with a burner and then press it with your finger.
Attention! Since the melted fabric is hot, work must be done carefully, as you can burn yourself.
Next to the first petal, lay the next petal and burn it in the same way as the first. Thus, we also attach the subsequent petals of the first row, placing them next to each other. We fasten the second row in the same way as the first, placing the petals of the second row between the petals of the first (in a checkerboard pattern). So we fasten all the petals, in a checkerboard pattern in the subsequent rows, until all the petals run out. The inflorescence is ready.
Let's move on to making small petals. From a piece of fabric, cut a strip 30-40 cm long with a beveled top, one side of which is 1.5 cm, and the other 2.5 cm.
Having departed from the lower straight edge of 2 - 3 mm, we cut our strip into petals 4 - 5 mm wide for the entire remaining height and to the end of the strip.
The result is a strip with narrow petals
We take a glass vial with a diameter of 2 cm and wind a strip with small petals on it, starting from the smaller edge of 1.5 cm, equalize the lower edge
Using a burner, we fasten the lower edge of the small petals in four places (it is not necessary to fix the entire edge completely around the circumference), the main thing is to fix the beginning and end of the strip.
Small petals are ready.
Let's move on to assembling the flower. On the stem with the finished core, we put on a blank with small petals and, using a burner, carefully fix them on the core of the flower with several points.
in the center of the inflorescence blank, we make a hole with a burner and put it on the stem, fixing it on the seamy side with a burner.
Cut out a circle with a diameter of 2.5 - 3 cm from a green crepe satin folded in half (for this it is fashionable to use a 5-ruble coin). We make a sepal. Fold it in half and using a ruler, cut it at an angle from the edge to the center at an angle of 2 mm on both sides. We unfold the part, fold it in half again, combining the already cut edges and also using a ruler, cut it along the fold at an angle from the edge to the center by 2 mm on both sides.
The result is a cone-shaped piece cut from four sides. Then we turn the part out.
With the help of a burner, draw a wavy line on the upper edge of the sepal. At the top of the sepal we make a hole with a burner.
We put the sepal on the stem and carefully fix it with a burner - we draw the needle between the sepal and the seamy side of the inflorescence and immediately press the parts together. You can also use a glue gun or Titan glue.
