How to care for jewelry made from natural stones. Jewelry made from natural stones: how to wear, store and care properly? Chrysoprase care

What is negative and alien energy in jewelry and why clean jewelry with stones from it? First, you need to figure out which stones contain negative energy and why. What is the difference between handmade jewelry and jewelry that are mass-produced at a factory?

Jewelry with stones in our online store.

It has long been known that handmade jewelry is made, so to speak, in a state of inspiration, every curl and every facet of a gem is processed with loving hands. The artist puts his soul into the decoration and creates it, as a rule, in the most exalted mood. The adornment, as it were, takes over the vibrations of its creator, absorbs the good energy emanating from him. And such a piece of jewelry is created in a single copy for the owner, who will receive with it everything that the author put in during the work.

Now imagine stones (about metal, if it is not from a noble family and there is no question), which are produced daily at the factory in huge quantities. They are processed by machines and people who bring their experiences to work from home. Offended and charged gems can take revenge on future owners.

A separate conversation about jewelry bought in antique shops. Such specimens carry truly magical properties, ranging from a generic curse and ending with incredible luck. Such a decoration has absorbed the energy of perhaps more than one owner and is a real translator of unknown energy.

The whole point is that “demagnetize” - you need to clean all jewelry, with the exception of those that were made especially for you with kind hands.

Cleaning jewelry from someone else's energy can be carried out with water, if there are natural stones, then salt water can lead to turbidity, so use rain, well or thawed water. Place the jewelry in a vessel with water, wrap it with a black cloth and keep it there for three days, starting with the new moon.

Another way is to put stones in a plastic bag and fill with water, leaving some room for air, so you can clean metals and freeze them for three days. Then defrost and pour the water into the toilet, since negative energy passed into ice during freezing. Rub the jewelry with ammonia.

Jewelry with onyx and spar is cleaned only with the fire of a church candle. It is best to clean on the waning moon.

Since antiquity, gold has been compared to the sun and endowed with positive qualities, but the energy of gold jewelry does not always coincide with the human one. If you are uncomfortable when you are wearing gold, then it is better to take it off whenever possible, or pay attention to silver, which in its positive effect is several times superior to expensive gold jewelry.

Any gem needs care and regular cleaning (regardless of its use, wear it as a decoration or use it in medical procedures). An especially important point is the cleaning of stones and crystals that you just bought in the store.

The easiest way to clean stones and crystals is to put the stone in whole rice. Those. take a container, pour in whole rice and place your crystals inside (so that the rice completely covers the stones) and leave for a day. After 24 hours, the rice will absorb all the negative energy, and the crystal will be renewed, charged and you can already use it in work. Rice can be used a couple more times, but after that be sure to throw it away (do not cook food!).

Another simple option for cleaning stones and crystals is to put it in the sun. It will be especially good after cleaning with rice (rinse in water and put in the sun). So the crystals will gain a huge amount of positive solar energy! But there are exceptions (for example, amethyst and citrine), they should not be exposed to sunlight or they will fade!

Crystals can be transferred to other people for use, but be sure to clean after! The exceptions are crystals - amulets that serve your specific purposes. We don’t give such crystals to anyone (even just to hold them)!

Pay attention to our online catalog of healing crystals.

There is a general rule for cleaning stones and crystals by dates! The best time for such a procedure is the last 3 days of the lunar month (28, 29, 30). Those. right before the new moon. This is due to the fact that crystals gain energy on a full moon, i.e. after cleaning, the stone has the opportunity to be well charged.

The stones should ideally be kept separate from each other. There are even special bags (made of silk, cotton or linen) for storing stones. It all depends on your work with stones. If you use it for yourself, you can keep it in one place. And when wearing it, it is desirable that the stone is in the area of the corresponding chakra.

Cleaning stones and crystals - different methods, more details:

Be sure to familiarize yourself with the properties of your stone before you start cleaning it.

Cleaning stones and crystals with water. This method has already been described earlier. If you are cleaning at home, you can put the crystal in a bag and hang it on the tap. Or take spring water into a glass, place a stone there.

Cleaning stones and crystals with the sun - we wash the stone with water in the sun (for 30 minutes). The stone will be cleansed and filled with positive solar energy.

Cleaning stones and crystals with salt - pour salt into a container, place our stone there for 3-4 hours. Throw away the salt afterwards!

Cleaning stones and crystals with brine water - prepare salt water, preferably in a crystal bowl, lower the stone there. Cleaning will take about 1-2 hours.

Cleaning stones and crystals with soapy water - dilute warm soapy water in a porcelain (crystal) container. We place a stone there and place it all in the sun. For this cleaning method, 2 hours will be enough.

Cleaning stones and crystals with earth is a good method for gemstones. We bury stones in the ground at night.

Cleaning stones and crystals with natural seawater - if possible, we take seawater and wash the stones in it. Then we leave them to lie in sea water for 3 hours.

Most crystals are very fond of sunlight and will be very happy if you periodically place them in daylight. This is especially true for stones that you constantly use. But there are exceptions (amethyst, citrine).

You can rinse the stone with water every day, it will only get better from it.

It happens that stones are also cleaned with washing powder, but this is if their hardness index is more than 5. These are stones such as ruby, aquamarine, quartz, sapphire, emerald, diamond, topaz, ordinary beryl. But we do not use it if this jewelry is made of soft metal (silver). At the end of cleaning, wash off the solution with distilled water.

For stones with a hardness index of less than 5, a softer medium is useful - a soap solution. These are stones: chrysolite, lapis lazuli, malachite, apatite, ruby, opal, sunflower, moonstone.

When cleaning Ruby, alexandrite and sapphire, you can use ammonia in addition to the soap solution. To do this, take 1 teaspoon of alcohol and about 0.5 cups of water for the solution. After cleaning, rinse the gems with warm water.

Cleaning stones and crystals using ultrasound. This method cleans amethyst, rock crystal and citrine!

A stone such as turquoise is not very friendly with acidic and soapy solutions. It will fade and lose its properties.

Cleaning stones and crystals. There is also a very interesting way to clean stones and crystals - this is to place them overnight on an amethyst brush (this is an elongated cut of amethyst with small germinating crystals). They create a very powerful and high energy background, clearing out all low negative energy.

You can also use quartz brushes. They, like amethyst, have a very high energy background.

And further...

Serpentine boxes: -This stone is the most powerful space cleaner. Putting a piece of jewelry in such a box, it will undoubtedly be cleansed!

Proper care of jewelry made from natural stones is no less important than following the rules for wearing beads, bracelets and earrings. Taking care of your jewelry, you must adhere to various recommendations and techniques, which differ depending on the product and material, properties of the stones.

There are a great many stones, as well as jewelry made from them, so an individual approach is needed in the care. In rings and signet rings, most of the dirt accumulates under the inlaid stone. To clean such jewelry, you can use cotton swabs dipped in cologne. The stone must be gently wiped along with the frame. The ring is then lightly polished with a piece of flannel or suede. Of course, you cannot clean the frame of natural stone with sharp objects. To facilitate the task, you can use specialized products for cleaning and polishing metal jewelry with natural stones and pearls. If there are fasteners on the jewelry, you need to wipe especially carefully around them. In such places, pollution usually accumulates.

Amethysts, emeralds, pomegranates, citrines, onyx, opals, lapis lazuli and rubies are easy to clean with a soft toothbrush with mild soapy water and warm water. Aquamarine, beryl and sapphire are easy to care for, especially if there are no inclusions in the stone. You can also clean topaz, jade, chrysolite and zircon with ordinary cleaning products and rags. Coral, rock crystal and tourmaline jewelry is not cleaned very often, using a soft cloth or a very gentle brush with warm, not hot (cold) water.

Stones such as turquoise, opals, and other organic stones: pearls, amber, mother-of-pearl, corals, ammonites, petrified wood ... require the greatest care in cleaning. They cannot be cleaned with washing powders, they must not be exposed to bleach., Cannot be used for cleaning soda, ether, sulfates.

Pearls are cleaned with a damp cloth, and can be lightly wiped with potato starch. Turquoise should never be cleaned in soapy water. Beads or bracelets made of turquoise can only be washed with distilled water. To remove contamination from them, a water-alcohol solution is used. Ultrasonic or steam processing of jewelry made from natural stones is not allowed.

Amber is one of the most delicate and soft stones used in jewelry. It is fragile and requires careful handling and care.
It is advisable to store amber in a separate jewelry box to protect it from contact with metals and other materials; it is better to store each amber item in a separate bag or wrapped in a soft cloth. Protect amber jewelry from being exposed to not only too high, but also too low temperatures. Temperature extremes are especially harmful for amber. Do not keep amber near heating devices and direct sunlight.

Amber is very sensitive to chemicals, so apply hairsprays and perfumes 10 minutes before wearing amber jewelry, remove amber jewelry before washing dishes and washing, keep amber away from substances such as lard and butter, and ultrasonic the purifier and steam generator are not suitable for cleaning amber, they will simply destroy it. Also, do not allow amber to come into contact with other jewelry cleaners and alcohol. Failure to comply with these conditions can lead to the formation of a whitish coating on the amber, which will remain forever. You can remove dirt, dust and sweat from an amber product with a flannel cloth dipped in mild soapy and lukewarm water. To polish the amber and give it a shine, dampen a soft cloth with olive oil and rub the jewelry, remembering to then remove the excess oil with a clean dry cloth.

If you follow certain rules for wearing, storing and cleaning amber items, the shine and beauty of amber items will delight you for a long time.
Turquoise is one of the most ancient jewelry, many legends are associated with them, and there are also many ways to care for them. Animal fat has a very beneficial effect on turquoise, and vegetable fat harms turquoise. Turquoise is an unstable compound, over time it also loses its original color, it reacts especially painfully to soap and fats. Turquoise is porous, easily absorbs fats, aromatic substances and under their influence can change color. It is best to remove the turquoise rings when washing your hands. Jewelry and jewelry are sensitive to cosmetics, hairspray, powder, perfume, deodorant, sunscreen and so on. In addition, jewelry should be protected from fumes, fats and oils. And this concerns pearls in the first place.

Pearls are very moisture-loving, with a lack of moisture, they tarnish and crack over time; also the enemy of pearls is high temperature, bright sunlight, polluted air, as well as our perfumes, creams and other cosmetics, where all sorts of fragrances are present. Pearls can be washed in a neutral solution of shampoo and warm water, and then rinsed with running water, you can also clean the pearls with potato starch, this helps to remove excess moisture and dirt. In pearls there is organic matter that can dry out and decompose, so the pearl has a certain lifespan, then it tarnishes, stratifies, collapses. However, if stored properly, pearls do not lose their beauty for many hundreds of years. First of all, so that pearls do not age, they must be worn. It is necessary to take care of pearls, even if you have not worn them for a long time. Old pearls, if treated with a weak solution of hydrochloric acid or acetic acid, will look better. It is advisable to store pearls in a special case or wrapped in a soft cloth, separate from other jewelry and metal objects.

Opal is an amorphous stone, it cannot be in the sun for a long time - it dehydrates, loses its iridescence, becomes milky white, also does not like opal from sudden temperature changes, which can cause cracking due to the large amount of moisture contained in the opal. Natural opals contain 6-10% water. Such a high water content in opal is due to the porous structure of this stone. This means that opals easily absorb not only moisture, but also perfumes, hair sprays, cosmetics, which over time damages this stone. Opals are not very hard stones such as diamonds, so they should be protected from impacts and from the effects of abrasive materials; clean only in soapy water, as well as amber - opal is contraindicated in ultrasonic and steam treatment. To maintain the necessary moisture, prevent cracks and dehydration, jewelry with opal is lubricated from time to time with a soft cloth with a small amount of glycerin.

In addition to turquoise, opal and pearls, ruby, blue topaz, garnet and some other stones tinted or artificially irradiated lose their color in bright sunlight, so jewelry with them should be stored in the dark and preferably in a box. There are recommendations for different stones for all occasions: amethysts, ametrines, aquamarines, pomegranates, peridots, topazes, tourmalines, citrines, suitable for everyday wear, but you should avoid direct sunlight, heat and contact with chemicals that can change Colour.

The yellowed ivory can be dipped in a chlorine-containing laundry bleach solution for 10 minutes.

The most convenient and safest way to care for gemstone jewelry is to use special “jewelry cosmetics”. A wide range of different cleaning products (liquids, foams, napkins) are now produced for the care of all types of natural stones and gold, platinum and silver alloys. It is better to store jewelry separately, preferably in boxes or cases.

Also, give them the rest that all jewelry needs occasionally.

Rules for caring for beads made of stones

How to care for natural stone beads.

Mineral products do not lose their value over time. On the contrary, their price increases from year to year. Therefore, it is customary to pass jewelry made of natural minerals by inheritance, to give. But for this it is necessary that beads made of semi-precious stones retain their original beauty, do not fade, do not burn out. There should be no scratches, chips or cracks on the beads.

Storage of beads made of natural stones

If you wear jewelry every day, bead holders can be purchased for storage. But do not put them in direct sunlight or near heating appliances. Temperature changes can be detrimental to gems. Beads fade, lose their shine. For example, turquoise can fade when exposed to sunlight.

If natural stone beads need to be stored away, then each product is packed in an individual linen bag. It can be made of natural velvet, silk, linen.

If you use a box for storage, then it should also be made of natural materials and lined with a soft cloth. But cotton wool should not be used for these purposes. In its production, chlorine could be used, which will have a negative effect on the stone. It is better to store each string of beads in an individual compartment.

It is especially necessary to ensure that beads made of hard (pomegranate, agate, amethyst, citrine, carnelian, kyanite, jasper, jadeite, aventurine, labrador) and soft minerals are not stored together. So you will avoid scratches and abrasions on products with low hardness (lapis lazuli, obsidian, turquoise and others). It is preferable to put a vessel with clean water in a room with low air humidity, next to the storage place for beads made of natural stone. In houses with high humidity, put a piece of chalk in a bag of beads.

Cleansing Natural Stone Beads

To cleanse, products made of gems are washed in warm water with soapy foam. Then the beads are rinsed and dried. With extreme caution, you should approach jewelry made of turquoise, pearls, corals. In a saturated soapy solution, stones become dull. They can be cleaned with salt. To do this, a tablespoon of coarse salt is poured into a linen bag with the product and rinsed in warm water until the salt is completely dissolved. In water for rinsing, you can add 6 drops of ammonia per 200 ml of water. Excess moisture can be removed from the beads by wiping them with potato starch.

Most of the stones are capable of reacting to aromatic substances and oils that make up cosmetics and perfumery products, as well as to chemical compounds, and high temperatures. Therefore, remove natural stone beads before using the pool, shower or sauna.

Do not spill perfume on jewelry. Natural stones "for life" require recharging with the energy of the human body, its warmth. Do not leave mineral beads unattended for a long time. From time to time you need to put them on or just hold them in. Remove and put on the beads with the utmost care, without stretching the product and making sure that the beads do not bump against each other.

Show due attention and care to jewelry made of natural stone, and beads made of gems will delight you for many years.

Natural stones have a variety of physical and chemical characteristics. Knowing and taking into account at least some of them, you can provide proper care for natural beads and thereby prolong their "brilliant" life, and the owner - the pleasure of long-term use of favorite jewelry.

For a start, it’s a good idea to familiarize yourself with the value “hierarchy” of stones. There are several gemological classifications, but they differ slightly from each other. As a rule, all stones are subdivided into jewelry (precious), jewelry and ornamental and semi-precious stones. Here is some of them.

Jewelry stones:

Class I - diamond, emerald, ruby, sapphire;
Class II - alexandrite, noble opal;
III class - topaz, aquamarine, red tourmaline;
IV class - tourmalines (blue, green, pink and polychrome), beryl, amethyst, citrine, turquoise, chrysolite, chrysoprase, pyrope and almandine (red garnets).

Jewelry and semi-precious stones:

Class I - rock crystal, smoky quartz (rauchtopaz), prase (green quartz), jadeite, jade, malachite, charoite, lapis lazuli, aventurine, sodalite, amber;
Class II - agate, rose quartz, colored chalcedony (sapphirine, carnelian, carnelian), rhodonite, amazonite, labradorite, iridescent obsidian, hematite;

Ornamental stones: jasper, petrified wood, marble onyx, selenite, fluorite, shungite, obsidian, serpentine. For the manufacture of jewelry, such forms of stone processing as tumbling and cutting have long been used. Tumbling assumes an arbitrary shape with smooth corners and a polished surface. On such a stone, the unique beauty of the pattern and color is clearly visible. Cut is used to enhance the play of light and brilliance and is more often used for transparent and translucent stones. Cabochon is an older form of cutting gems, the stone with such processing takes the shape of a hemisphere. A very important characteristic of minerals is their hardness... It varies for different stones from 1 to 10. A diamond has a hardness of 10 and it is eternal in products. Stones with a hardness of 7 and higher can be called practically "wear-free" - these are corundum, beryl, tourmaline, topaz, garnet, and also quartz. Most of the well-known natural stones used for the manufacture of beads, necklaces, bracelets, brooches and other bijouterie products, refers to quartz. Mineral quartz exists in two varieties: crystalline (found in nature in the form of crystals) and cryptocrystalline (not found in crystals). Crystalline quartz of certain colors has its own names:

no color, transparent - rhinestone,
lilac-purple - amethyst,
yellow-golden - citrine,
gray-brown - smoky quartz (rauchtopaz),
dark brown or black - morion,
green - prase,
pink - rose quartz (crystals are rare),
blue - blue quartz (crystals are extremely rare).

The most famous type of cryptocrystalline quartz is chalcedony (hardness 6.5-7). Chalcedony also have their own names depending on the color:

yellow-orange color - carnelian,
orange-red - carnelian,
yellow-brown and red-brown - sarder,
apple green, herbal - chrysoprase,
onion green - prase.

There is no clear line between carnelian, carnelian and sardine; sometimes all these shades can be simultaneously found in one small piece of stone. If the chalcedony has a pattern or layering, this variety is called agate. If the stripes on the agate are strictly parallel, then such a stone is called onyx. As it turned out, all these beautiful transparent or translucent gems from the quartz family are very hard and have a beautiful glass luster. Any products made from them - for example, agate or amethyst beads, carnelian bracelets, rose quartz brooches - are practical to wear, as they do not lose their attractiveness over time. Jewelry made from minerals with a hardness of 5-7, with constant use for several years, may lose its original polish due to accidental damage. Minerals with a hardness less than 5 are considered unstable; glass leaves scratches on them. Products made from them require careful wear and storage (for example, fluorite beads), because polishing fades over time, and if it is a cut, then the edges of the edges are rounded. A large group of jewelry, ornamental and ornamental stones has another interesting characteristic - viscosity(or "not brittle", because the stone can be hard, but brittle).

Minerals with a hardness of more than 5 and high viscosity - jade, jadeite, charoite.
Minerals with a hardness of more than 5 and medium viscosity - lapis lazuli, rhodonite, amazonite, obsidian, jasper, aventurine, eye quartz (tiger, falcon and cat's eyes), belomorite (a type of moonstone).
Soft stones with hardness (3-5) - malachite, serpentine, amber, fluorite, marble onyx.
Soft stones with a hardness of less than 3 - selenite, alabaster.

Taking into account the above characteristics, it becomes clear why, for example, beads made of selenite or beads made of marble onyx are covered with a thin layer of protective transparent varnish: it preserves and prolongs the original attractiveness of jewelry. It is not recommended to store beads with different hardness in one box. Beads made from harder minerals (for example, cut crystal beads) will damage or even scratch the polish of beads made from softer stones (for example, beads made of malachite, turquoise, selenite).

Malachite beads, lapis lazuli, amazonite and other stones of similar hardness are often strung through beads or a knot. This is also a necessary element that prevents the beads from rubbing against each other.

Large beads of carnelian, amethyst or other hard quartz varieties are sometimes also placed through a knot, beads, or alternated with smaller beads so that the beads fit better and are not too heavy while maintaining the desired length. Beads have long been strung on cotton or silk thread. This tradition has survived to this day, but new options have appeared - "metallized" thread and fishing line.

You shouldn't be afraid of them, these materials have their advantages. The wear resistance of natural and synthetic threads is about the same: both of them, unlike stones, are not eternal and break with intensive or sloppy wear.

A broken bead string is being successfully repaired, the main thing is to collect and preserve the most valuable thing - stone beads.

Bead locks are also a wear item. Which of the types of locks to give preference is a matter of taste and habit, tk. and screwed, and snap-on, and fastened with a hook - all of them sooner or later fail, they should simply be replaced. Some minerals have individual characteristics of maintenance and care. Their chemical composition (for example, malachite beads) does not allow cleaning with detergents containing acids. Traces of etching will appear on the surface of the beads, and the polishing will be impaired. Turquoise is sensitive to organic substances (they are part of cosmetics) and can change color under their influence.

To increase the durability of amber beads, they should be stored in a dark and humid place. Rose quartz beads lose their color saturation from prolonged exposure to bright sun (they should not be left on the windowsill without a box). ***

Proper care of jewelry made from natural stones

is no less important than following the rules for wearing beads, bracelets and earrings. When caring for your jewelry, you must adhere to various recommendations and techniques that differ depending on the product and material, the properties of stones. There are a great many stones, as well as jewelry made from them, so an individual approach is needed in the care. In rings and signet rings, most of the dirt accumulates under the inlaid stone. To clean such jewelry, you can use cotton swabs dipped in cologne. The stone must be gently wiped along with the frame. The ring is then lightly polished with a piece of flannel or suede. Of course, you cannot clean the frame of natural stone with sharp objects. To facilitate the task, you can use specialized products for cleaning and polishing metal jewelry with natural stones and pearls. If there are fasteners on the jewelry, you need to wipe especially carefully around them. In such places, pollution usually accumulates.

Amethysts, emeralds, garnets, citrines, onyx, opals, lapis lazuli and rubies easy to clean with a soft toothbrush with a mild soapy solution and warm water.

Aquamarine, beryl and sapphire not intricate to care for, especially if there are no inclusions in the stone. Also, you can clean it with ordinary detergents and cloths. topaz, jade, chrysolite and zircon.

Coral, rock crystal and tourmaline jewelry do not clean too often, using a soft cloth or a very gentle brush with warm, not hot (cold) water.

Stones such as turquoise, opals, and other organic stones: pearls, amber, mother of pearl, corals, ammonites, petrified wood ... require the greatest care in cleaning. They cannot be cleaned with washing powders, they must not be exposed to bleach., Cannot be used for cleaning soda, ether, sulfates.

Pearl cleaned with a damp cloth, can be lightly wiped with potato starch.

Turquoise generally cannot be cleaned in soapy water. Beads or bracelets made of turquoise can only be washed with distilled water. To remove contamination from them, a water-alcohol solution is used. Ultrasonic or steam processing of jewelry made from natural stones is not allowed.

Amber- one of the most delicate and soft stones used in jewelry art. It is fragile and requires careful handling and care.
It is advisable to store amber in a separate jewelry box to protect it from contact with metals and other materials; it is better to store each amber item in a separate bag or wrapped in a soft cloth. Protect amber jewelry from being exposed to not only too high, but also too low temperatures. Temperature extremes are especially harmful for amber. Do not keep amber near heating devices and direct sunlight. Amber is very sensitive to chemicals, so use hairsprays and perfume 10 minutes before putting on amber jewelry, remove amber jewelry before washing dishes and washing, keep amber away from substances such as lard and butter, and an ultrasonic cleaner and a steam generator are not suitable for cleaning amber, they will simply destroy it. Also, do not allow amber to come into contact with other jewelry cleaners and alcohol. Failure to comply with these conditions can lead to the formation of a whitish coating on the amber, which will remain forever.

You can remove dirt, dust and sweat from an amber product with a flannel cloth dipped in mild soapy and lukewarm water. To polish the amber and give it shine, moisten a soft cloth with olive oil and rub the jewelry, not forgetting to then remove the excess oil with a dry clean cloth. If you follow certain rules for wearing, storing and cleaning amber items, the shine and beauty of amber items will delight you for a long time.

Turquoise- one of the most ancient jewelry, many legends are associated with them, and there are also many ways to care for them. Animal fat has a very beneficial effect on turquoise, and vegetable fat harms turquoise. Turquoise is an unstable compound, over time it also loses its original color, it reacts especially painfully to soap and fats. Turquoise is porous, easily absorbs fats, aromatic substances and under their influence can change color. It is best to remove the turquoise rings when washing your hands. Jewelry and jewelry are sensitive to cosmetics, hairspray, powder, perfume, deodorant, sunscreen and so on. In addition, jewelry should be protected from fumes, fats and oils. And this concerns pearls in the first place.

Pearl- very hygrophilous, with a lack of moisture, it fades and cracks over time, also the enemy of pearls is high temperature, bright sunlight, polluted air, as well as our perfumes, creams and other cosmetics, where all sorts of fragrances are present. Pearls can be washed in a neutral solution of shampoo and warm water, and then rinsed with running water, you can also clean the pearls with potato starch, this helps to remove excess moisture and dirt. In pearls there is organic matter that can dry out and decompose, so the pearl has a certain lifespan, then it tarnishes, stratifies, collapses. However, if stored properly, pearls do not lose their beauty for many hundreds of years. First of all, so that pearls do not age, they must be worn. It is necessary to take care of pearls, even if you have not worn them for a long time. Old pearls, if treated with a weak solution of hydrochloric acid or acetic acid, will look better. It is advisable to store pearls in a special case or wrapped in a soft cloth, separate from other jewelry and metal objects.

Opal- an amorphous stone, it cannot be in the sun for a long time - it dehydrates, loses its iridescence, becomes milky white, also does not like opal from sudden temperature changes, which can cause cracking due to the large amount of moisture contained in the opal. Natural opals contain 6-10% water. Such a high water content in opal is due to the porous structure of this stone. This means that opals easily absorb not only moisture, but also perfumes, hair sprays, cosmetics, which over time damages this stone. Opals are not very hard stones such as diamonds, so they should be protected from impacts and from the effects of abrasive materials; clean only in soapy water, as well as amber - opal is contraindicated in ultrasonic and steam treatment. To maintain the necessary moisture, prevent cracks and dehydration, jewelry with opal is lubricated from time to time with a soft cloth with a small amount of glycerin.

The yellowed ivory can be immersed in a chlorine-containing bleach solution for 10 minutes. The most convenient and safe way to care for jewelry with precious stones is to use special “jewelry cosmetics”. A wide range of different cleaning products (liquids, foams, napkins) are now produced for the care of all types of natural stones and gold, platinum and silver alloys. It is best to store your jewelry separately, preferably in boxes or cases, and give it the rest that all jewelry rarely needs.

SILVER and MAINTENANCE 925, also called sterling, is an alloy of 925 parts of silver with 75 parts of an alloying metal (traditionally copper is taken as such). This means that this alloy contains 92.5% silver.

Silver in its pure form is too plastic, products made from it have high softness, therefore, this precious metal must be strengthened by introducing other metals into its composition. Due to the fact that copper ions are perfectly embedded in the silver crystal lattice, they use it. The higher the concentration of silver in the alloy, the higher the sample. The 925 sterling silver alloy may have a characteristic pinkish tint, which can be explained by the inclusion of copper in the alloy composition, but this opinion is erroneous. A shade of pink is natural for a sulfide film that forms on the surface of silver items when this metal interacts with traces of hydrogen sulfide in the air. High humidity speeds up the process, and the product may tarnish, and then turn black.

According to the most widespread version, the name of the alloy “sterling” has English roots and literally means “eastern lands”, since Germany was paid for the supplied goods with silver coins of this quality. Later, silver coins were strengthened in England itself, becoming the national currency. 240 of these coins were exactly 1 pound, hence the name "pound sterling".

Silver "Ag" (according to Mendeleev's classification) - element 11 of group 5 of the period with number 47, has a specific gravity of 10.5 g / cu. cm, ductile, malleable. The origin of the name comes originally from the words "white", "shiny". Its long history is associated with the fact that silver is found in nature, due to its high chemical activity, in much smaller quantities than gold, in the form of nuggets, therefore silver mining has been known since ancient times. Nuggets weighing 20 tons have been mined many times in history. Silver is used to make dishes, jewelry and coins.

Silver is the second most demanded noble metal in the world. To create jewelry items, they use silver of the highest standard (silver 925), while table silver is made from low-quality raw materials (you can find out the sample on a special marking on the product). In addition, the popularity of silver is explained by the fact that jewelry made from this metal is the most democratic in the world. If not everyone can wear gold, then silver jewelry is suitable for almost everyone. Due to the highest electrical conductivity among metals at room temperature, it is widely used in electronics, and due to its disinfecting properties - in medicine. But in 2008 it was proved that the minimum concentration of silver in water required to kill bacteria is too high and dangerous to human health.

Also, silver has weight in religious teachings and cults, including because of its color associated with the moon. It is included in the list of "noble" metals, does not oxidize and does not dissolve in acids, is indifferent to the presence of alkalis. The weak point of this metal is the ability to react with sulfur and oxidize, which makes its surface darken. To combat corrosion, silverware is sometimes coated with rhodium or varnish, but generally there is no protective coating, so silver items need regular maintenance.

Sterling silver has a light reflectance rate close to 100%, therefore it is the most profitable material for diamond jewelry, since the white color of the jewelry allows the brilliance of a diamond to be fully expressed. For silver items with precious stones, especially with diamonds, you need constant care, as silver darkens over time, which negatively affects the brilliance of stones.

Silver cleaning

Prevention of tarnishing of silver products consists in monthly wiping of the product with a flannel, suede cloth or felt... The use of abrasive materials is strictly not recommended, because they can damage the surface of the metal, and in the future it will be possible to clean it only by polishing, often exclusively in jewelry workshops. For this, the silver item is pre-soaked in soapy water, rinsed thoroughly, dried, and then polished with flannel or suede. Choose a non-metallic container for cleaning. Also, specialized cleaning agents have been developed for silver, which can be purchased at jewelry stores.

In addition to cleaning silverware with special products, there are also several alternative cleaning methods. Before cleaning any of them, hold the product in soapy water and rinse well. Let's take a look at several methods on how to clean 925 sterling silver.

Soda cleaning

It is necessary to make a solution in the proportion of 50 g of soda per 1 liter of hot water. It is necessary to gently wipe the surface of the silver object with the flannel soaked in the solution. If the pollution is very strong (blackening), you should make a mushy solution of soda in water, and very little water is needed. The resulting mass is carefully applied to the surface and easily polished to avoid scratches.

Cleaning with ammonia

Ammonia and chalk are mixed to form a thick porridge, applied to the object and left to dry. After the mixture has completely dried, the product must be thoroughly washed and wiped off. This method has an alternative option. Ammonium alcohol dissolves in water in a ratio of 1:10. The tarnished silver item is placed in the solution for 15-20 minutes, after which it must be rinsed with water and wiped off with a soft flannel cloth.

Hydrogen peroxide cleaning

Hydrogen peroxide does a very good job of cleaning fine gold and silver jewelry, but remember that it reacts well with other metals. Therefore, if you do not know the fineness of the alloy or are not sure about the alloying addition in your product, do not use this method, otherwise you may get the opposite effect.

925 sterling silver with precious stones and pearls requires special attention. To clean jewelry with precious stones, you should try to use only special cleaning agents. If this is not possible, then you can use a solution of ammonia in water in the proportion of 6 drops of alcohol per 1 glass of water. In the event that the item is encrusted with pearls, it is better to rinse it more often in soapy water. After rinsing, the product is wrapped in a soft linen cloth, to which you need to add 1 teaspoon of salt, and rinse again under running water until all the salt is washed off. In no case should such products be cleaned with ammonia, it negatively affects the color of pearls.

CARE FOR various STONES

Unlike artificial and synthetic stones, natural stones require careful and regular maintenance. Modern cosmetic and hygienic products used every day, as well as household chemicals, contain various chemical elements and their compounds that have a negative effect on gold alloys and precious stones.
Therefore, it is recommended that jewelry be removed prior to face and hand skin care and makeup, and put on after completion. It is also not recommended to do housework, take a shower, visit the sauna and swimming pool wearing jewelry with natural stones. It is recommended to remove jewelry during sports activities so as not to damage or lose it.

If you notice that the stone in your jewelry has somewhat faded and lost its luster, it is necessary to clean it and remove the accumulated dirt. Take it for a few minutes and rinse it in a solution of water with ammonia (5-10 drops of alcohol in a glass of water) or put it in a warm solution of washing powder for several hours, then rinse and dry. So you can update products with topaz, beryl, aquamarine, amethyst, citrine, chrysolite, pomegranate, tourmaline, chrysoprase. It is better not to use soapy water, because it can form a greasy film (especially on topaz) due to its fat content.

Products with "live" gems - natural turquoise, coral, pearls, mother-of-pearl and opal - require especially careful care. Products with coral are recommended to be washed in clean cold water and wiped with chamois or flannel. You can remove grease from pearls or mother-of-pearl by rinsing it in clean warm water and drying it.

It is not recommended to wash products with natural turquoise at all, moisture is not indicated for it, because Turquoise is a very hygroscopic mineral and can change color from moisture. Turquoise items should be cleaned with dry chamois, flannel or woolen cloth. Also, a noble opal requires extremely careful care. This mineral contains a lot of moisture. With prolonged exposure to the sun, it dehydrates, and with a sharp cooling, the moisture in the mineral crystallizes. All this can cause cracking. It is recommended to rinse items with opal more often with water.

It is better to store all jewelry in a closed box or casket away from heating appliances. Never store products in the bathroom, as there is high humidity.

Artificially irradiated stones, such as topaz, fade when stored in bright sunlight. Rubies, garnets and turquoise are also afraid of the light, so always put them in a box.

All products with stone inserts must be protected from the effects of rapidly changing temperatures. For example, a ruby from strong heat can completely lose its color.

Aquamarine care

The main factor to consider when caring for aquamarine is its density. This stone is said to be strong and durable to wear. In addition, aquamarine jewelry is best kept separate from other jewelry to avoid scratches. The most important thing to remember is not to let the aquamarine come in contact with chemicals such as alcohol or ammonia, which can cause irreparable harm to the stone.

If you need to clean your aquamarine, you can do it with warm soapy water. To do this, add a little dishwashing liquid to a container of warm water, put the aquamarine jewelry there for a few minutes and then brush it with a soft toothbrush. Be careful with the frame as it can loosen and the stone can fall out of the frame if you rub it hard with the brush. Finally, rinse the jewelry with clean water to rinse off any remaining soap suds.

Since aquamarine can combine with any precious metal, you need to know how to clean it. If it is silver, then you can polish it with a special napkin for jewelry. If the aquamarine is rimmed with gold, then you can clean it in the same way as the stone itself. The same goes for tungsten and stainless steel.

Under no circumstances should you use synthetic detergents and enzyme products for cleaning aquamarine, as they can lead to allergic reactions. It is also not worth cleaning the stone with an ultrasonic cleaning machine. Avoid sudden temperature changes, hot steam, cosmetics and various sprays on aquamarine.

Jasper care

Products with jasper inserts must be cleaned by hand, with a cotton swab, carefully protecting the stones from cleaning solutions. Rinse them only with warm water.

Agate care

The stone does not like direct sunlight. Do not leave it on a windowsill or in the yard in the sun, otherwise it will lose its rich color, becoming faded.

Agate products are polished so they look smooth. Because of this, figurines and decorations get very dirty. But don't rush to wash them with harsh detergents - use mild hand soap.

The stone is able to accommodate all the bad things that were intended for its owner. This means that it is better not to store it in a box with other jewelry so that negative energy does not pass to them. Find a separate "house" for your amulet and do not forget to clean it at least several times a month.

Remember that there are some important rules to follow when treating stones. If the sessions are not regular, you should not count on a positive effect. But you do not need to think that the more you hold the stone in the affected area, the sooner you will recover.

Let the talisman rest and be sure to clean it up. After all, sooner or later he will absorb too much negative energy and stop absorbing it. To prevent this, leave the amulet overnight in a glass of salt, and in the morning rinse under running water.

Amethyst care

Like many other minerals, amethysts do not like frequent exposure to direct sunlight, so the stone should be stored in a dark place, preferably wrapped in a soft cloth;
Also, caring for amethyst involves protecting it from the effects of high temperatures - under their influence, the mineral loses its color and its aesthetic qualities;
Protect the stone from the contact with various chemicals, including household detergents;
Once or twice a month, the stone must be kept under running water so that it gets rid of the negative energy with which it has charged;
If the amethyst has become cloudy, then it must be cleaned. Of course, it is better to rely on professionals in this matter. In jewelry workshops, amethyst is cleaned using ultraviolet light. However, there are ways to clean your amethyst yourself at home. To do this, you need to make a soapy solution and rinse the stone thoroughly in it. You can also use a soft brush (such as a toothbrush) to gently scrub the mineral with it.
There may be other ways to cleanse amethyst, but this one is the most common.

Lapis lazuli care

First of all, it should be borne in mind that the care of lapis lazuli is based on its physical properties. Lapis lazuli is a relatively soft mineral. Try to keep lapis lazuli in a soft, natural cloth bag;
Try as little as possible to allow lapis lazuli products to come into contact with water and chemicals, including detergents;
But you don't have to worry about direct sunlight - lapis lazuli is not afraid of them and is not subject to fading.

Tourmaline care

Tourmaline care involves cleaning the stone. Mineral can only be cleaned with soapy water and a soft cloth (brushing is best avoided). Remember that tourmaline does not tolerate ultrasonic and steam cleaning;
Of course, when doing household chores (washing, cleaning, cooking), jewelry with tourmaline must be removed;
The stone can magically deplete over time. To nourish it, you need to periodically lay out the stone in the sun - the sun's rays are the best "food" for tourmaline.

Pomegranate care

Despite the fact that a grenade cannot often interact with water, you can clean a grenade with water. To do this, you can prepare a soapy solution, dip the product with a stone into it and wait for a while. Then you need to wipe the stone with a soft cloth and rinse again. You can also use a special brush for cleaning jewelry stones;
You can clean the pomegranate with salt, sea salt or regular salt. To do this, you need to dilute the salt in warm water, then let the solution cool and dip the jewelry with a stone there. It is advisable that the pomegranate remains in the water for a while and only then it can be rinsed in cold water;
There are several ways to remove negative energy from the stone - by immersing the pomegranate in a container with flowers, herbs or petals, or in a container with salt.
As you can see, caring for a pomegranate is not a difficult process, but a well-groomed grant can bring a lot of benefit to its owner, provided, of course, that it is natural

Turquoise care

Turquoise is very sensitive and susceptible to the environment. This stone quickly becomes dirty and darkens even from frequent contact with ordinary water, so try to protect it from such factors spoiling it as chemicals, acids, frequent contact with water, interaction with sunlight, temperature extremes, and exposure to fats. Under the influence of all these factors, the stone changes its color over time, loses its external attractiveness and it is believed that it even loses its magical and healing properties;
Cleaning turquoise with ultrasound, water, steam will only harm the mineral, so such methods should not be used in any case. It is recommended to use wool, suede, flannel for cleaning stones. Unlike vegetable fat, animal fat also cleans turquoise well and retains its color. To process the mineral, you can use, for example, fat tail fat or lamb fat;
If turquoise has lost its color, you can restore it by resorting to dyes, such as Prussian blue, aniline dyes;
Store turquoise separately from other jewelry, especially if their inserts are stones with great hardness.

Chrysoprase care

One of the main conditions for caring for this mineral is keeping it away from constant exposure to direct sunlight. Otherwise, the stone loses its color saturation and becomes faded. If this happens, wrap it in a wet cloth for a while;
For the rest, caring for chrysoprase is similar to caring for other minerals - washing in soapy water, protecting it from interacting with chemicals, using soft materials for cleaning.

Larimar care

Larimar may suffer from mechanical damage, try to protect him from this. It is better to store it separately from other jewelry;
Over time, the stone can burn out and lose its former beauty. Try, if possible, to protect it from constant exposure to sunlight so that it does not fade, then it will retain its beautiful color for a long time;
Larimar is a sea stone, so he loves water. It is worth cleaning the larimar with water, while it does not have to be sea water - purified water, not salty, is quite suitable. You can also use a mild soap solution to clean the stone. An excellent option for cleaning the stone from contamination is water taken from a mountain spring.

Energy cleansing and care of kunzite

Despite the fact that the hardness of kunzite is high and amounts to 6.5 ～ 7.5 on the Mohs scale, due to cleavage (the property of a mineral to split in one direction) it easily splits along its length. Because of this, it is not shock-resistant and therefore requires care when handling and cleaning. Since it is fragile, do not apply too much pressure to it. It is an expensive stone, so it is best to refrain from cleaning it with running water. Use moonlight and crystal cleansing.

Tiger Eye Care

Protect your tiger's eye from scratches and sharp shocks. Also avoid large temperature changes. The stone is quite dense and hard, but still constant wear can lead to the appearance of microcracks on the surface, due to which the gloss is disturbed. Tiger's eye is a fairly chemically inert material and can be washed with warm soapy water using a soft brush.

Jade care:

Jade is not one of those minerals that need an overly reverent attitude. It is shock-resistant, scratch-resistant, however, it is recommended to store it in a separate case or soft cloth;
You can clean jade with a soapy solution, rinsing it thoroughly after washing in running water;
If the stone is not too dirty, simply wipe it down with a damp cloth, using force to rub it.

More information on stone care will be added.

Each stone requires individual care. When purchasing beads from the Ural Mineral company, do not forget to ask our manager about how to clean this product. You will receive comprehensive and competent information. But do not be afraid, you will not be offered any difficulties and tedious procedures.

Storage of beads made of natural stones

If natural stone beads need to be stored away, then each product is packed in an individual linen bag. It can be made of natural velvet, silk, linen.

It is preferable to put a vessel with clean water in a room with low air humidity, near the storage place for beads made of natural stone. In houses with high humidity, put a piece of chalk in a bag of beads.

Cleansing Natural Stone Beads

You can add 6 drops of ammonia per 200 ml of water to the rinse water. Excess moisture can be removed from the beads by wiping them with potato starch.

Natural stones "for life" require recharging with the energy of the human body, its warmth. Do not leave mineral beads unattended for a long time. From time to time you need to put them on or just hold them in your hands.

Beads should be removed and put on with the utmost care, without stretching the products and making sure that the beads do not bump against each other.

Show due attention and care to jewelry made from natural stone, and beads made of gems will delight you for many years!

Gemstone selection rules

Expert advice

Eastern horoscope

Gems from A to Z

It's not a secret for anyone that although precious stones seem to be tough nuts, they still need careful treatment and proper care. And most importantly, each stone has its own characteristics of storage, use, wearing and cleaning. For the correct choice of care methods, first of all, you need to know well the properties of your product - materials, density and hardness of the stone, the method of fixing the inserts, and others. And when you treat your precious friend and helper with all possible attention, he will surely repay a hundredfold, generously endowing the owner with his own natural beauty and strength.

Energy stone cleaning
Let's start from the moment that stones need to be protected and cleaned not only from material pollution, but also from energy and information pollution. As soon as you have acquired a new jewelry or other thing made of stone, the first step is to remove the accumulated energy of others from it, so that nothing bad, unknowingly, will be passed on to you. The two most common cleaning methods are fire and water. The general rule of both methods is that it is preferable to clean all stones on the last three days of the lunar calendar (28, 29, 30), before the new moon, because v
full moon minerals just accumulate energy and after cleaning should have time
restore your own energy.

The first way to clean the stone with water is as follows. On the 27th or 28th lunar day, it is necessary to put stones or products from them in a vessel with water, which is placed for three days in frost or in a refrigerator. And on the first day of the new moon, the vessel is taken out, they wait for the ice to melt, and the stones extracted from there are washed under running water for three hours. Freezing water, as if pulls “dirty” information from the stone to the surface, and running water washes it off from it.
Another way is to cleanse with brine. The stone is immersed for 3-4 hours in salt water, poured into a bowl of crystal, previously washed under running water. You can just as easily bury the product in table salt at the same time, but after that the salt must be thrown away, otherwise the captured information will return to you through food. However, remember that not every stone can withstand temperature changes and the effects of salts. Such minerals just need to be kept under running water for a long time.

For cleansing by fire, a stone is placed on the table, and a lit candle is taken in the right hand. Further, above the stone, circles are drawn in a certain direction. If a piece of stone or jewelry belongs to a man, then the circles go clockwise, and if a woman, then counterclockwise. At the same time, it is good to say the following words to yourself: “Burn in the fire everything that harms me!”. If you are a Christian, you can also read Our Father. And best of all - listen carefully to your inner voice, and, perhaps, the pebble itself will suggest the necessary words to cleanse it. If you inherited the stone, and you clearly know about some negative events in which he was present, then it is worth saying, imagine how these events, or some objects associated with them, are blazing in fire. Whether you are reading a prayer or repeating a conspiracy, it is important that an odd number of circles are outlined above each mineral. After cleansing the stone, the candle is left to burn out for health.

After cleaning, the energy of the stones must be restored. They can do it on their own, or you can help them in this. The best way is to put the product in direct sunlight for a few days, such as on a windowsill. But again, remember that some minerals can fade from sunlight or crack if it's too hot.

They clean not only new stones or products that have been in negative situations, but also those minerals that you wear every day. It is also advisable to clean them at least once a month, before each new moon. Jewelry and products that treated you or someone else during an illness, as well as stones inherited from dead people, should be especially diligently cleaned. Already pure energetically objects cannot be given to anyone, and especially donated without clearing them again, otherwise, part of your information may go away with the stone, and negative consequences can be very different, from, for example, losing part of your luck to the ability to manipulate you. Be careful, observing these simple rules, and gems will willingly help you in all spheres of life, without exception.

Keeping and wearing jewelry
No wonder, from time immemorial, jewelry was kept in jewelry boxes, because a box with upholstered inside is the best home for your jewelry. Gold, for example, is a very soft metal (especially 750) and, as can be seen on any wedding ring, it scratches very quickly. Pearls, on the other hand, need to be protected not only from scratches, but also stored separately from other jewelry. It is best to have a separate velvet bag for jewelry with pearls and put it in a box in it. In general, pearls are very capricious. For example, it is recommended to replace beads made of natural pearls every year.

The main general recommendation for the correct use of jewelry is to give it a rest. Constant wearing is harmful to them, however, as well as to you. If you still wear jewelry on a daily basis, then every six months it is necessary to check the strength of the setting of the stones, since there is a great risk of losing them. If you are going to take medicinal mineral or radon baths, then do not forget to take off all jewelry, most of them are contraindicated in baths. Also, you should not allow cosmetics to get on jewelry, especially whitening creams.

There are also separate recommendations for different stones for all occasions.
Amethysts, ametrines, aquamarines, pomegranates, onyxes, peridots, citrines, tourmalines and topaz are suitable for everyday wear, but avoid direct sunlight, heat, and contact with chemicals that can change color.
Cameos are quite fragile and not meant to be worn every day. They must be carefully monitored to avoid wear and tear. Avoid heat, chemicals, and protect from scratches and shock.
Opal and jade fall under the same rules - they can be worn daily, but neatly, also avoiding heat, chemicals, scratches and bumps.

Pearl extremely moody, you can't walk in it all the time. Do not wear it until you have finished your makeup or hair. any contact with chemicals will immediately affect it. After you get home, immediately put it back.
Also, tanzanite is not at all intended for everyday wear, it wears out quickly and therefore needs to be handled with particular care. Avoid sudden temperature fluctuations and any chemicals.

In general, most stones are afraid of high temperatures, so you should not wear them when going to the sauna or the beach, otherwise they change their color or may crack. Such stones include alexandrite, rock crystal, emerald, coral, opal and sapphire. Turquoise is a highly hygroscopic material; products made from it must also be protected from fumes, acids, abrasives, and, of course, temperature extremes. Turquoise can fade in the sun, and active vapors and various cosmetics can change the color of the stone from blue to green. Diamond or brilliant, ruby and topaz are quite hard, but they should also be protected from accidental shocks, sudden changes in temperature and fire.

Gem care
Proper care is just as important as proper wearing. Taking care of your precious helpers, of course, you must adhere to different techniques for each product, depending on its properties. Gold jewelry without stones should be immersed in soapy water and gently wiped with a soft toothbrush. To do this, it is best to use a baby brush or any other, kept in boiling water for greater softness (then its fibers will become more gentle). If there are clasps on the jewelry, wipe especially carefully around them. In this place, as a rule, the most severe pollution accumulates. The most convenient way to wash the chain is by immersing it in a bottle of water. Shake the container lightly until the dirt comes off. After such a bath, dry the chain with a soft towel.

If the gold jewelry has some kind of stone in it, then an individual approach is needed. In rings, most of the dirt accumulates under the stone. Dealing with this can be quite simple. A piece of cotton wool is wound around the match (you can use ready-made cotton swabs sold in any pharmacy), moistened in cologne, glycerin or a mixture of magnesia with ammonia, and the stone, along with the frame, is gently wiped from above and below. The ring is then polished with a piece of flannel or suede. Never use sharp objects to clean the stone setting, this is the easiest way to damage it. In addition, there are many specialized formulations for cleaning and polishing gold jewelry with gemstones and pearls. You can find a huge number of them even in online stores.

Silver jewelry is known to darken. This plaque can be removed in several ways. For example, jewelry is washed with warm soapy water, and then wiped with a soft cloth with a mixture of ammonia and soap (1 tablespoon alcohol per 1 liter of water). After cleaning, rinse the jewelry in hot water and dry with a towel. Rinsing in a soda solution, which is prepared from 50 g of baking soda per 1 liter of hot water, is also suitable.

Guilloche. Master class “Gerbera. Guilloche - secrets of artistic textile carving Zinaida petrovna kotenkova guilloche

Cocoon mattress for newborns

Cocoon mattress for newborns - a detailed review

How to properly wrap footcloths to make them comfortable